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Cholesteatoma of the epididymis.
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Stimulation of lymphocytes by spermatozoa-stimulated cells.
The mechanism of spermatozoa-lymphocyte interaction was studied using spermatozoa and lymphocytes obtained from 11 healthy individuals and from 2 patients with spermatocoele. The lymphocytes activated by spermatozoa in 3-day cultures were used as inducers of fresh, unstimulated autologous or allogeneic lymphocytes. In 9 cases of 13 tested sperm samples, a slight proliferative response of lymphocytes stimulated by spermatozoa-induced lymphocytes was observed. The final effect did not depend on whether an autologous or an allogeneic system was used in the first and the second incubation. A possible explanation of the observed reaction is discussed.
Spermatic granuloma in the ram: diagnosis by ultrasonography and semen characteristics.
Ultrasonographic appearance of the testis and epididymis, and seminal characteristics, with regard to localization of spermatic granuloma were studied. In rams with spermatic granuloma (n = 9), diagnosed by clinical or ultrasonographic examinations before histopathological confirmation, localization of each lesion was recorded. Epididymal granulomas, caput and cauda, were seen as anechoic or hyperechoic areas with a distinct margin with or without a hyperechoic capsule. Granulomas in the testis were microscopic and, therefore, could not be detected by ultrasonography. Enlargement in the mediastinum testis was detected in all rams when there were granulomas in the caput. Heterogeneous testis parenchyma invaded by numerous hyperechoic foci, representing testicular degeneration, was associated with granulomas both in the epididymis and testis. Ultrasonographic appearance of the lesions did not differ with regard to season. Seminal characteristics varied between rams. It was concluded that ultrasonographic evaluation may give valuable information in the diagnosis of sperm granuloma in the ram.
Sperm granuloma in the dog: complication of vasectomy.
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Some preliminary observations of the nephrotoxicity of the male antifertility drug (+/-)alpha-chlorohydrin.
(+/-)alpha-Chlorohydrin (80 mg kg-1) given by mouth to group-housed adult male Sprague Dawley rats produced an increase in the weight of the kidneys which persisted for at least 7 days, but there were no deaths. This dose administered to Sprague Dawley rats caged singly killed 3 out of 8 animals. The toxicity was studied in more detail using Wistar rats caged singly in metabolic cages. 4 out of 9 animals died with oliguria and anuria after 120 mg kg-1 (+/-)alpha-chorohydrin, 100 and 120 mg kg-1 (in the surviving animals), produced a loss in appetite and body weight, proteinuria, a dose-related diuresis and an increased water intake. Urinary glucose was dramatically elevated after 100 mg kg-1 but after 120 mg kg-1 the glucosuria was not as marked. By day 7 all parameters were returning to their pre-injection values. A dose of 80 mg kg-1 had no effect upon any of the parameters studied. The results are discussed in relation to the basic biochemical mechanism by which the drug exerts its antifertility action, which is achieved at much lower doses.
Bloodless surgical procedures for the cure of idiopathic hydrocoele and epididymal cyst (spermatocoele).
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Inflammatory conditions and semen quality among subfertile Sudanese males.
Fifty-nine subfertile males were investigated to assess seminal quality, inflammatory conditions and spermatogenic picture in relation to their subfertility. Defects in semen analysis were found associated with an old gonococcal infection (42.4%), schistosomiasis (13.6%) and chronic prostatitis (5.1%). Varicocele was observed in a few patients (3.4%). Azoospermia was found in 40.7%, of whom 33.3% were found to suffer from spermatogenic arrest.
Angiography of the testicular artery. IV. Magnification angiography in intrascrotal abnormalities.
Magnification angiography of the testis with selective injection into the testicular artery has been performed in patients with different lesions in the scrotum, either real or suggested. Characteristic angiographic appearances were found in epididymitis, testicular torsion, tumor, hematoma and hydrocele.
A case of neonatal testicular torsion.
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Surgical treatment of male infertility.
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Chemically induced sperm retention cysts in the rat.
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Effects of alpha-chlorohydrin and related compounds on the reproductive organs and fertility of the male rat.
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Activities of various 6-chloro-6-deoxysugars and (S) alpha-chlorohydrin in producing spermatocoeles in rats and paralysis in mice and in inhibiting glucose metabolism in bull spermatozoa in vitro.
6-Chloro-6-deoxyglucose, 6-chloro-6-deoxymannose, 6-chloro-6-deoxy-fructose, 6-chloro-6-deoxyglucitol, 6-chloro-6-deoxygalactose and (S) alpha-chlorohydrin all produced spermatocoeles in the ductuli efferentes and epididymis of the rat and were neurotoxic in the mouse, but only alpha-chlorohydrin caused substantial inhibition of glucose metabolism in bull spermatozoa in vitro. The relative potencies of the compounds in producing spermatocoeles reflected their activities as reversible antifertility agents in the rat but compared to the others 6-chloro-6-deoxymannose was considerably less neurotoxic to mice than might have been anticipated from its contraceptive dose. Thus different metabolites may be responsible for causing the antifertility and the neurotoxic effects.
The effects of ligation of vas deferens, corpus epididymidis and vasa efferentia on the testicular function in rats.
The effects of ligation of the vas deferens, the corpus epididymidis and the vasa efferentia on the testicular function were studied in sexually mature rats. The significant decrease in the testicular weight was observed after ligation of the corpus epididymidis and the vasa efferentia. However, neither the weight of the ventral prostate and of the seminal vesicle, nor the plasma testosterone level showed significant changes. The results suggest that the ligation at the three locations would not affect the endocrine function of the testis. The changes in the testis would mainly affect the spermatogenesis. The effects of sperm stasis on the testicular function were also discussed.
Sonography of the abnormal extratesticular space.
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The oxidative metabolism of alpha-chlorohydrin in the male rat and the formation of spermatocoeles.
1. The oxidative metabolism of [3-36C]chloropropan-1,2-diol (alpha-chlorohydrin, I) was studied in male rats. Two metabolites were isolated and identified as beta-chlorolactic acid (IV) and oxalic acid (V). 2. Neither alpha-chlorohydrin nor beta-chlorolactate was concentrated in any tissue. Traces of an intermediate metabolite, beta-chlorolactaldehyde (III) were detected in the urine within 4 h of administration. Studies in vitro indicated that the metabolic pathway is: alpha-chlorohydrin leads to beta-chlorolactaldehyde leads to beta-chlorolactic acid. 3. A comparative study of the metabolism of 36Cl- and 14C-beta-chlorolactate showed that oxalate was produced slowly and, as calcium oxalate, caused a type of renal glomerular nephritis. This pathological condition is responsible for the diuretic action of both alpha-chlorohydrin and beta-chlorolactate and, in higher doses, for their toxicities. 4. The role of oxalate, as a metabolite of alpha-chlorohydrin and of a number of related compounds, in inducing the formation of spermatocoeles in the male rat reproductive tract is discussed.
Ectopic prostate in the testicle: an unusual cause of a solid testicular mass on ultrasonography.
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