Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “SHOES”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Shoes for children: a review.

1. Optimum foot development occurs in the barefoot environment. 2. The primary role of shoes is to protect the foot from injury and infection. 3. Stiff and compressive footwear may cause deformity, weakness, and loss of mobility. 4. The term "corrective shoes" is a misnomer. 5. Shock absorption, load distribution, and elevation are valid indications for shoe modifications. 6. Shoe selection for children should be based on the barefoot model. 7. Physicians should avoid and discourage the commercialization and "media"-ization of footwear. Merchandising of the "corrective shoe" is harmful to the child, expensive for the family, and a discredit to the medical profession.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Rocker-soled shoes and walking distance in patients with calf claudication.

Calf claudication is the major clinical manifestation of peripheral vascular occlusive disease in a significant number of patients. Although claudication causes substantial patient disability, most patients are treated conservatively because of the risks of surgical therapy and the uncertain efficacy of drug therapy. It was hypothesized that rocker-soled shoes would decrease the work of the plantar flexors and therefore increase walking distance in patients with calf claudication. To test this hypothesis, walking distances in patients with calf claudication using rocker-soled shoes and a placebo shoe insert were compared. Rocker-soled shoes significantly increased both the total distance walked and the distance at which patients were initially bothered by symptoms by 77m (37%, p less than .0005) and 89m (91%, p = .003), respectively. It was concluded that rocker-soled shoes may reduce disability in patients with calf claudication by increasing walking distance.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

p-tert.-Butylphenol formaldehyde and other causes of shoe dermatitis.

Because p-tert.-butylphenolformaldehyde-free shoes are unavailable in the Dutch market we had to have shoes made of alternative materials for 13 patients reacting to this resin. These alternative materials consisted of leather samples prepared with various tanning agents, counters (heel stiffeners), stitching yarns, adhesives, etc. The composition of these alternative materials was kept a secret. New shoes were composed of materials to which the patient had shown negative reactions. These shoes are well tolerated. Only one patient reacted to virtually all materials tested. She may have an excited skin syndrome. She will be tested in the near future with the necessary materials applied one by one to find out whether this is true. Up to present we have encountered only a few shoe positive patients who have neither reacted to the resin, nor to a series of alternative adhesives. These patients will be studied in more detail as to the origin of their dermatitis.

Dermatitis, Contact↗
PubMed1980

A new shoe for drop foot with automatic raising of the fore-foot.

A new orthopaedic shoe has been designed for foot drop. It automatically raises the anterior part of the foot as the step is completed. This effect is obtained by the application to the sole of a strip of metal joined to a spring concealed in the heel of the shoe, which keeps the anterior part of the shoe in dorsiflexion. When the patient rests his foot on the ground, the shoe aligns itself with the ground. When the patient lifts his leg in walking, the recoil of the spring raises the anterior part of the shoe.

Foot Diseases↗
PubMed1976

Turf-toe: a shoe-surface related football injury.

Plantar capsule-ligament sprain of the great toe metatarsophalangeal joint, herein referred to as "turf-toe," is discussed with emphasis on two apparantly predisposing factors, playing surface hardness and shoe stiffness. Surface hardness studies have previously been performed by the authors on natural grass and AstroTurf. A study of football shoe flexibility is presented and the results correlated with the occurrence of turftoe. We have not encountered this entity in players wearing relatively stiff conventional seven posted football shoes or the more flexible soccer style shoe on natural grass fields. We have found it to be a not uncommon injury among players wearning the soccer style shoe on AstroTurf.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of biomechanical shoe orthoses in tibial stress fracture prevention.

BACKGROUND: Biomechanical orthoses have been shown to lower stress fracture incidence in infantry recruits. However, these results may not be applicable to running athletes. HYPOTHESIS: Training in either running shoes or military boots with custom biomechanical shoe orthoses lessens tibial bone strains and strain rates during walking and running. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled laboratory study. METHODS: In vivo strain measurements were made in nine subjects to determine whether the use of biomechanical orthoses lowers tibial strains during both walking and running and whether such lowering depends on the type of shoe worn. Measurements were made during treadmill walking at 5 km/hr and then during serial 2-km treadmill runs at 13 km/hr with running shoes, with and without the orthoses, and during serial 1-km runs with army boots, with and without the orthoses. RESULTS: When soft or semirigid biomechanical orthoses were worn with boots, the tibial peak-to-peak strains were significantly lowered. Soft orthoses also significantly lowered the tension and compression strain rates when worn with boots. During running, semirigid orthoses significantly increased the compression and tension strain rates when worn with boots. CONCLUSIONS: The use of biomechanical orthoses may be warranted for tibial stress fracture prevention during training in which boots are worn and that mostly involves walking, but they are not warranted for activities that primarily involve running or are performed in running shoes.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[The "horse-shoe effect"of correspondence analysis for human population genetic structure and its population genetic explanation].

At present study, the reasons of "horse-shoe effect" in correspondence analysis for analyzing human population genetic structure was explained. Based on the structure of gene frequency matrix, we displaye the different patterns of Scallergram of correspondent analysis from different types of loci (HLA-A locus, and STR- CSF1PO locus in Chinese Han populations). The results indicate that different types of loci showed different patterns of Scallergram of correspondent analysis. When some alleles have very low frequency in the gene frequency matrix, there would be "horse-shoe effect" in the Scallergram of correspondent analysis. The reason is that the c2 distance measurement in correspondent analysis usually overrates the effect of the genes with low frequencies. To carry out the correspondent analysis of human population genetic structure, when the Scallergram presents "horse-shoe effect", one should examine the structure of gene frequency matrix, and confirm whether the "horse-shoe effect" shows the real pattern of population genetic structure. Only in this way, one can explain the "horse-shoe effect" correctly.

Alleles↗
PubMed1980

[An investigation into the use of rubber shoe blocks to avoid undue pressure on the feet of cattle (author's transl)].

A brief review of the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods of avoiding undue pressure on the affected feet of cattle is followed by a report on a study of the use of a new shoe block in dealing with this problem. This new shoe was developed in the ambulatory Clinic of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Utrecht. It was nailed under the feet of thirty cows which were not lame and were housed on a concrete slatted floor. Despite adverse housing conditions, the feet and shoes were still firmly connected three weeks later in 76.7 per cent and forty-nine days later in 50 per cent of the animals. The wear on the rubber shoe block was so slight as to be negligible and untoward side-effects were not observed. This type of shoe block would therefore appear to be a useful aid in avoiding undue pressure on the feet over a prolonged period.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Special manufactured shoes for prevention of recurrent ulcer in diabetic foot syndrome].

BACKGROUND: Special bespoke footwear, according to F. I. Tovey, can prevent foot ulceration in patients with diabetic neuropathy. Its main features are: extra depth, shock-absorbing insole, and no toe-cap. Such medical footwear may also be produced industrially for feet without major deformities. However, its clinical efficacy needs to be demonstrated to get the approval by the European Community. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A follow-up study was set up in 57 diabetic patients with a history of neuropathic foot ulceration, to investigate the efficacy of the industrially produced special "Diabeticus" shoe (Thanner GmbH, Höchstädt/Germany). RESULTS: After a mean of 12 (SD 6) months, 26 ulcer relapses were noted. Of these, 8 occurred to 30 patients wearing the protective shoes > 8 hours/day, and 18 occurred to 27 patients wearing normal shoes > 8 hours/day (p < 0.02, Log rank). The relapse rate was unrelated to the appreciably high frequency of podiatry in both groups (median 36 vs 45 days; n.s.). CONCLUSION: The special shoes under study during a 12-month period proved to protect against neuropathic diabetic foot ulcer relapses, when worn more than 8 hours per day.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[The Heibronnen roll-off shoe. An improved forefoot strain reducing orthosis using biomechanical principles].

To reduce the strain on the middle and forefoot in postoperative and posttraumatic care, we developed a new shoe. It is applied as part of treatment following skeletal or soft tissue surgery in this region and in treatment of the diabetic foot (types I and II). Pedographically, we found the vertex of the roll-off process located at the base of the fifth metatarsal bone, meaning that the foot starts to roll-off at this point while walking. The movement was recorded by a pedobarograph bearing full weight and with the use of one crutch in comparison to the roll-off process in a regular shoe. Results show a reduction of the plantar strain on the forefoot of 70% and of 62% on the Chopart joint while bearing full weight. The use of (forearm-) crutches reduces strain further. The new design of the sole enables the (podiatric) patient to stand and walk in a well-balanced fashion. Since immobilisation of the calf is avoided and muscular function is increased, the risk of thromboembolic complications can be minimized. Four different sizes of the "Strain Minimizing Shoe", including seven modular insoles are available, providing a wide range of individually adapted shoe applications for the patient's foot.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Theatre over-shoes do not reduce operating theatre floor bacterial counts.

Occasional staff or visitors to operating theatres are usually requested to don over-shoes as this is perceived to reduce bacterial floor colony counts. However, this entails some expense and considerable inconvenience. Using disposable surface contact plates floor bacterial counts were measured four times a day at five different sites during the 5 normal working days of one 2-week period in a general operating theatre when over-shoes were worn and one 2-week period when over-shoes were not worn. There was no significant difference in the mean bacterial floor colony counts between the two periods according to sampling times or sites. As in Intensive Therapy units, over-shoes should no longer be used in general operating theatres.

Bacteria↗
PubMed2004

Biomechanical differences in landing with and without shoe wear after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

OBJECTIVE: To determine biomechanical differences during single limb landing performed with and without shoe wear in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction subjects. DESIGN: Barefoot and shod conditions were compared for both operated and contralateral limbs. BACKGROUND: Biomechanical analysis has been used to better understand the functional changes associated with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. However, no studies have investigated whether routine testing of patients should be performed barefoot or shod. METHODS: A three-dimensional motion analysis and force plate system were used to obtain kinematic and kinetic data from eight anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction subjects during single-limb landings from a 15 cm vertical height. RESULTS: Peak knee flexion angles and moments were significantly reduced during barefoot testing in all eight subjects for the operated limb only (p < 0.01). The differences were however small; mean angular difference 3 degrees and mean moment difference 0.2 Nm/kg. Knee flexion angles at initial contact and peak vertical ground-reaction forces were not affected by shoe wear. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that shoe wear does affect some biomechanical variables on landing but not so as to affect comparisons between operated and contralateral limbs. RELEVANCE: Given the comparable results between conditions, biomechanical testing following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction can be performed either barefoot or shod. Testing subjects barefoot has the advantage of easier marker placement, and alleviates the need for shoe wear standardization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Shoe print examinations: effects of expectation, complexity and experience.

Even though trace evidence is becoming more and more important in legal cases, only little is known about the influence of task and context factors on comparative judgments. In the present study we investigated how expectations and complexity affect shoe print examinations and to what extent differences exist between beginners and experienced examiners. Twelve examiners assessed similarity between a shoe print and a shoe for eight different cases. For half the cases expectation was induced by providing additional incriminating evidence. A complex case meant that the print was relatively noisy, for example because the perpetrator rotated his foot. A simple case meant that the print was clear. The results showed that there was no effect of expectation and no effect of experience. Only complexity affected the examiners' assessments: when the background was noisy, the acquired features received a lower evidential value than when the background was clear. Apparently, examiners compensated for the quality of the print and were more cautious in drawing conclusions when prints were less clear. Even though the results allow for some optimism with regard to the influence of expectations on shoe print examinations, it has to be taken into account that the Dutch procedure is supported by a formal guideline, which may (partly) explain the present findings.

Forensic Medicine↗
PubMed2005

A comparison of forefoot stiffness in running and running shoe bending stiffness.

This study characterizes the stiffness of the human forefoot during running. The forefoot stiffness, defined as the ratio of ground reaction moment to angular deflection of the metatarsophalangeal joint, is measured for subjects running barefoot. The joint deflection is obtained from video data, while the ground reaction moment is obtained from force plate and video data. The experiments show that during push-off, the forefoot stiffness rises sharply and then decreases steadily, showing that the forefoot behaves not as a simple spring, but rather as an active mechanism that exhibits a highly time-dependent stiffness. The forefoot stiffness is compared with the bending stiffness of running shoes. For each of four shoes tested, the shoe stiffness is relatively constant and generally much lower than the mean human forefoot stiffness. Since forefoot stiffness and shoe bending stiffness act in parallel (i.e., are additive), the total forefoot stiffness of the shod foot is dominated by that of the human foot.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Decreased balance performance in cowboy boots compared with tennis shoes.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to examine the relative balance performance of cowboy boots versus tennis shoes when the subject was challenged with different accelerations. The end point was the highest acceleration at which the subject could maintain full foot contact with the platform for each footwear type, ie, break acceleration. DESIGN: Crossover trial. SETTING: General community. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-seven healthy women, 18 to 40 years old, with shoe sizes between 6 and 9, were selected in a convenience sample after their response to posted ads in a university medical center. INTERVENTION: Each subject was tested 3 times in the forward direction per acceleration on a Motionspec balance platform. A successful series was defined as keeping feet flat for 2 of 3 tests/level. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The planned major outcome was the difference between the highest accelerations at which the subject was successful for each type of footwear. RESULTS: Subjects were found to have a highest sustainable acceleration in boots 10.66 +/- 6.20cm/s2 less than the highest acceleration in shoes. A period effect was found that improved the results of the second footwear tested by 7.2 +/- 6.20cm/s2. CONCLUSIONS: Cowboy boots have a decreased balance performance compared with tennis shoes. Further study should examine the specific features in the boot that contribute to this imbalance and examine the kinematic adaptations of the body to cowboy boots.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Changes in EMG signals for the muscle tibialis anterior while running barefoot or with shoes resolved by non-linearly scaled wavelets.

The purpose of this project was to study the EMG pattern of the tibialis anterior muscle in heel-toe running. Specifically, EMG changes in time, intensity and frequency shortly before and after heel-strike were addressed using an EMG-specific non-linearly scaled wavelets analysis. This method allowed extracting the time, intensity and frequency information inherent in the EMG signal at any time. The EMG signals of 40 male subjects were recorded for running barefoot and with shoes. The results confirmed that the pre-heel-strike EMG activities were typically seen at higher EMG frequencies (60-270Hz) while the post-heel-strike EMG activities resulted in lower frequency signals (10-90Hz). The timing of the pre-heel-strike EMG activities was not influenced by the used shoe conditions. The timing of the post-heel-strike EMG activities was significantly delayed when wearing shoes. The intensity of the pre-heel-strike muscle activity increased compared to the post-heel-strike one when wearing shoes. One can conclude that the activity of the tibialis anterior adjusts specifically to exterior conditions. The frequency shift between pre- and post heel-strike muscle activity were discussed with respect to activation of different motor units.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1999

Comparison of gait with and without shoes in children.

Full body gait analysis was used to determine if differences exist in kinematic, kinetic, and temporal-spatial data with and without shoes in able-bodied children. The greatest difference noted between conditions was an increase in stride length with shoes. Minimal changes were seen in kinematics and kinetics with the addition of shoes. Due to the very tight standard deviations of the data, these minimal changes in the magnitude of the curves resulted in statistically significant differences, yet these changes do not appear to be clinically significant. It is believed that this study establishes that barefoot gait analysis is sufficient for most clinical studies, and an additional assessment undertaken while wearing shoes is not necessary.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The transfer and persistence of automotive carpet fibres on shoe soles.

The transfer and persistence of automotive carpet fibres to shoe soles was investigated. It was found that fibres were transferred with the normal activity of a car passenger. Carpet type and shoe sole parameters were significant determinants in the number of fibres that transferred. The average number of fibres was between about one and 33 per sole. Fibres that had been transferred after normal activity only persisted for a few minutes after walking. A survey of the shoe soles of people about to leave their car showed that fibres were usually present. The majority of shoe soles surveyed had less than five fibres with the greatest number of fibres found being 14. The likelihood of finding a large number of fibres on such soles is rare. Fibre composition of automotive carpets showed a high degree of variation. Grey was seen to be a common colour irrespective of the colour of the vehicle body.

Automobiles↗