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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Aujeszky's disease of sheep: experimental studies on the excretion and horizontal transmission of the virus.

Five 5-month-old merino lambs were nasally inoculated with 10(5.0) TCID50 of Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV). The dynamics of virus excretion in the nasal discharges--in agreement with the histologic findings--indicated that ADV also replicates in extraneural sites, in the upper and lower parts of the respiratory tract. The virus was excreted continuously in the nasal discharges, even during the incubation period. The titres, with certain fluctuations, increased gradually up to the final stage of the fatal disease. Following the onset of the clinical disease, the titre of excreted virus (ranging from 10(4.0) to 10(6.0) TCID50/0.1 ml) was comparable with the ADV content found in the nasal discharge of naturally infected piglets. However, the horizontal transmission of ADV to contact lambs failed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Evaluation of three synthetic pyrethroids in the control of sheep headfly disease.

Deltamethrin (0.01 per cent) applied to the heads of lambs and gimmers at 30 day intervals on two separate farms failed to control damage caused by the sheep headfly , Hydrotaea irritans. Permethrin (0.1 per cent) applied to gimmers at monthly intervals achieved a slight reduction in severity of damage but protection did not extend beyond 14 days. Polyvinyl chloride tags containing 8.5 per cent cypermethrin reduced damage in gimmers to a very low level with protection lasting throughout the summer. Weight gains of lambs suffering headfly damage were significantly less than unaffected lambs.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Controlling tick infestations and diseases in sheep by pour-on formulations of synthetic pyrethroids. A field study.

The use of synthetic pyrethroids in pour-on formulations reduced tick infestations and the incidence of tick-associated diseases in lambs more than dipping in organophosphate acaricides. Though the use of pyrethroids did not prevent the lambs from being infected with tick-borne fever (TBF), the incidence of lambs with lameness (tick pyaemia) or lambs suddenly found dead (Pasteurella haemolytica septicaemia), which often are seen in association with TBF, was reduced. The use of pyrethroids for three years did not seem to affect the prevalence of TBF.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1997

Status of the tick-borne diseases in sheep and goats in Turkey.

A serological survey using Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT) for Babesia ovis infection of sheep has been carried out in different geographical regions of Turkey. The results indicated that 71.6% of 141 sheep in Black Sea region, 70.9% of 93 sheep in central Anatolia, 80.2% of 96 sheep in Aegean region and 55.7% of 122 sheep in eastern Anatolia were seropositive. This means that B. ovis infection is endemic throughout Turkey. In addition, occurrence of B. ovis, B. motasi, Theileria hirci, T. recondita and Anaplasma ovis infections in sheep and goats has been reported previously in Turkey as well. However further studies are needed to obtain more information about the agents to keep the infection under control.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Swiss scrapie surveillance. II. Epidemiologic aspects of the detection of neurological diseases in sheep and goats].

Monitoring of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) in Swiss sheep and goats is based on the examination of animals from different sources. In this study, frequencies and proportions of the different diagnoses were compared between routinely submitted sheep and goats, notified scrapie suspects as well as fallen stock. Meningitis/ encephalitis cases were significantly more frequent (OR = 2.2) in the scrapie suspect group when compared to the routine submissions. Metabolic-toxic encephalopathy was seen more frequently within the fallen stock. Rare neurological diagnoses were more frequent among scrapie suspects and routine submissions when compared to fallen stock. Listeriosis was diagnosed equally frequent among the scrapie suspects and routine submissions but less frequent in fallen stock. Scrapie prevalence among the fallen stock and the routine submissions was 0 (zero), with 95% certainty that prevalence is < 1%. The examined animals are representative for most of the Swiss regions with considerable sheep and goat production. Continuation of the detailed neuropathological examination of small ruminants from these three groups, substituted by actively testing a sufficiently large sample of fallen stock and possibly also healthy-slaughtered adult sheep and goats for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies would ensure a good surveillance within the small ruminant population.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Development of a model for Parkinson's disease in sheep using unilateral intracarotid injection of MPTP via slow continuous infusion.

The effects of unilateral intracarotid administration of MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) in sheep were studied with the goal of producing a non-primate, large animal model of Parkinson's Disease. Adult female sheep were given an acute (over 30 min) or chronic (over 1 week) injection of MPTP (0.4-5.0 mg/kg) via the common carotid artery. Both methods produced parkinsonian-like behavior. Turning contralateral to the side of injection was induced by apomorphine (APO) in both groups. However, amphetamine (AMP) induced ipsilateral turning only in the chronic treatment group. Acute and chronic MPTP treatment resulted in a loss of substantia nigra tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (THIR) neurons with a significantly greater loss ipsilateral to the injection in each treatment group (acute p < 0.05; chronic p < 0.01). Caudate dopamine (DA) was depleted in both treatment groups, although the difference between ipsilateral and contralateral DA content was significant only in the chronic treatment group (p < 0.05). The best results were seen in those animals with chronic infusion with the occipital artery occluded to prevent entry of drug into the posterior circulation with subsequent bilateral distribution. Use of slow and continuous intracarotid administration of MPTP with the ipsilateral occipital artery occluded can prevent some of the bilateral effects of acute treatment, and results in statistically significant ipsilateral reduction of THIR neurons in the substantia nigra and reduction of tissue levels of DA in the caudate nucleus. Such treatment produces appropriate turning responses to both AMP and APO challenge not seen in the acute treatment group, and appears to be an effective method of producing parkinsonian-like behavior in a large animal.

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine↗
PubMed1997

Redgut in sheep: a disease with a twist.

Redgut is a condition of sheep characterised by sudden death. Post-mortem findings are reddened small and large intestines, which are usually displaced. Sheep are predisposed to the condition by a combination of circumstances, including a small rumenoreticulum because of the nature of the feed (usually highly digestible forage), and increased large intestinal size and function. To accommodate this, and because there is not a large rumenoreticulum to stabilise the gut position, the intestinal mass moves to an unstable position in the peritoneal cavity. Some unknown event precipitates a further change in intestinal position, resulting in accidental torsion of the intestinal mass, with resultant obstruction of the mesenteric blood vessels and death from shock. The condition can be prevented by careful attention to feeding regimes that prevent development of the predisposing feature of small forestomachs and an oversized large intestine, resulting in a displaced intestinal mass. This is achieved by intermittent grazing of dangerous pastures.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Transmission of hydatid disease to sheep from wild dogs in Victoria, Australia.

Adult tapeworms and metacestodes of Echinococcus granulosus were found commonly in wildlife on Crown Land (Alpine National Park or State Forest) in the area around Mansfield, Victoria. A total of 756 sheep from 32 farms in the areas were examined at slaughter. Seventeen of the farms (Group A) adjoined Crown Land and wild dogs commonly entered these farms and killed sheep. A high prevalence of hydatid infection was found in sheep from 15 of these farms. Serology and arecoline purging failed to identify infection with E. granulosus in any domestic dogs on these farms, despite some farmers sometimes feeding their dogs with offal of sheep and/or kangaroos. The remaining 15 farms (Group B) were in an area where wild dogs did not occur. Sheep infected with hydatid cysts were present on 2 farms in Group B, but E. granulosus infection was not evident in wildlife species examined from this area. The only sheepdog to have detectable serum antibodies against E. granulosus was a dog from a farm separating the 2 Group B farms where infected sheep were found. Echinococcus granulosus were not found when this dog was purged. The implications of the results of this study are discussed in terms of transmission and control.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

A suspected lipofuscin storage disease of sheep associated with ingestion of the plant, Trachyandra divaricata (Jacq.) Kunth.

Paresis afflicted 85 out of a flock of 770 young Merino ewes kept on old wheat lands in the western Cape during a period of drought. Many of the paretic ewes died. The vegetation was sparse and was dominated by Trachyandra divaricata. At necropsy, yellowish-brown discoloration of the grey matter throughout the brain and spinal cord and mild brown discoloration of the liver, renal cortex and lymph nodes were consistently seen. Light microscopical examination revealed abundant, yellowish-brown pigment granules in the cytoplasm of most of the larger neurons. Similar pigment also occurred in some non-nervous tissues. Shrinkage and loss of a few randomly scattered axons were observed in the white matter of the spinal cord in 2 sheep. Histochemical and ultrastructural features of the pigment were consistent with those of lipofuscin. T. divaricata failed to reproduce the condition when dosed to a sheep, but the paresis and pigmentation shown to be caused by the closely related plant, T. laxa, are strikingly similar. Trachyandra poisoning appears to be the first documented example in farm animals of an acquired lipofuscin storage disease involving nervous and non-nervous tissues for which a specific plant has been causally implicated.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

A survey of excessively worn incisors and periodontal disease in sheep in Dunedin City, Silverpeaks, Bruce and Clutha Counties.

To determine the prevalence of excessively worn incisors (XSW) and periodontal disease (PD) in sheep in Dunedin City, Silverpeaks, Bruce and Clutha Counties, the incisors of 4049 mixed age ewes on 83 farms selected at random were examined between December 1983 and February 1984. Of these ewes, 14.9% had XSW (11.7% moderate, 3.2% severe), 13.7% had PD (10.5% moderate, 3.2% severe) and 71.4% had sound mouths. An additional 43 ewes had miscellaneous incisor faults, and these were excluded from the survey. Seventeen (>20.5%) and 25 (>30.1%) farms had 20% ewes with XSW and PD respectively. On two farms only did XSW and PD each occur at a prevalence of 15%. No association was found between the prevalence of XSW or PD and body condition score, breed or farm topography.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Burn-associated bone disease in sheep: roles of immobilization and endogenous corticosteroids.

To determine the role of immobilization in the pathogenesis of burn-associated bone disease, we selected the sheep as a model to study the effects of burn injury compared with a sham-burned control group. Seven of the sheep were subjected to controlled 40% flame burn, and seven underwent anesthesia with arterial and venous cannulation but without burn. After labeling newly formed bone with tetracycline and calcein, the sheep were killed 2 weeks after burn or sham burn, and the iliac crest and lumbar vertebrae were analyzed for histomorphometry. Analysis failed to demonstrate a significant reduction of bone formation rate in the burned sheep. Osteoid area and surface and osteoblast surface, which correlated significantly with bone formation rate (r = 0.49, p < 0.025), were reduced in the burned sheep. Results suggest that immobilization may play a primary role in the pathogenesis of burn-associated bone disease, but the presence of differences in other histomorphometric features indicates the bone disease is multifactorial.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1998

Spontaneous Borna disease in sheep and horses: immunophenotyping of inflammatory cells and detection of MHC-I and MHC-II antigen expression in Borna encephalitis lesions.

Borna disease (BD) has been recognized as a virally induced T-cell dependent immunopathological disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), as shown by experimental infection of rats with Borna disease virus (BDV). In contrast to the rat model, little is known about the pathogenesis of spontaneous BD in sheep and horses. The present study describes the brain lesions of 12 ovine and 11 equine cases of naturally occurring BD. A set of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies was used in order to determine the cells operative in encephalitic lesions and to detect expression of MHC-I and MHC-II products in the brains of affected animals. In all cases investigated, a reaction pattern similar to that reported for the acute phase of BD in experimentally infected rats was noted. In brief, the majority of inflammatory cells in perivascular infiltrates (PVI) as well as parenchymal and meningeal infiltrates were CD3 +. CD4 + cells outnumbered CD8 + cells in PVI as well as in the parenchyma. Macrophages (defined by lysozyme immunoreactivity) were seen less often and B-cells or plasma cells (cells positive for lambda or kappa light chains) were demonstrated at lower numbers. TCR-1 + cells were found on very rare occasions in PVI of some sheep. MHC-I and MHC-II products were constantly expressed on inflammatory cells but inconsistently on astrocytes and neurons. Neuronal degeneration was not a major feature.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Initial studies on "six months disease" in sheep.

Enterotoxaemia in sheep due to Clostridium welchii type D was indicated by field and laboratory investigations in Nepal. Morphological, cultural, biochemical, biological and toxin-producing characteristics observed were used to type the isolates. In anaerobic meat medium, all isolates produced pinkish discoloration of meat. All the strains fermented lactose, maltose, dextrose and sucrose whereas, salicine was fermented only by 17 strains. All but five strains were MR negative. Out of 200 isolated, 166 produced both alpha and epsilon toxins and the remaining 34 non-toxogenic strains are likely to be variants which have lost their toxogenicity. Epidemiologically the local name "Six months disease" and enterotoxaemia are considered to be identical diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Border disease in sheep caused by transmission of virus from cattle persistently infected with bovine virus diarrhoea virus.

Two outbreaks of border disease occurred on farms with sheep flocks and breeding cattle. The infection of the pregnant sheep was probably caused by transmission of virus from calves persistently infected with non-cytopathic bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) which were kept in close confinement with the ewes during mid-pregnancy. Border disease was also induced experimentally in eight lambs by exposing their dams at 38 to 78 days of gestation to a heifer persistently infected with BVDV. Both the natural and the experimental infections were characterised by typical signs such as 'hairy-shaker' lambs and high lamb mortality. The diagnosis was confirmed by virus isolations from live-born lambs, seroconversion and pathology. The study supports the assertion that cattle persistently infected with BVDV and in close contact with pregnant sheep, are an important source of strains of virus capable of causing border disease.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Functional analysis of the sheep Wilson disease protein (sATP7B) in CHO cells.

In this study we investigated the function of the sheep orthologue of ATP7B (sATP7B), the protein affected in the human copper toxicosis disorder Wilson disease. Two forms of sATP7B are found in the sheep, a 'normal' form and one with an alternate N terminus, both of which were expressed in CHO-K1 cells. Cells expressing either form of sATP7B were more resistant to copper than the parental CHO-K1 cells. Subcellular localisation studies showed that both forms of sATP7B were similarly located in the trans-Golgi network (TGN). When the extracellular copper concentration was increased, each form of sATP7B redistributed to a punctate, vesicular compartment that extended throughout the cytoplasm. Both forms of sATP7B recycled to the perinuclear location within one hour when the cells were subsequently incubated in basal medium. After treatment of cells with bafilomycin A1 sATP7B accumulated in cytoplasmic vesicles, implying that ATP7B continuously recycles via the endocytic pathway. These results suggest that both forms of sATP7B are functional copper-transport proteins and that the intracellular location and trafficking of the sheep protein within the cell also appears normal.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗