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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Isolation of Legionella anisa from a hospital hot water system.

Several cases of Legionnaires' disease occurred in a French hospital in 1982. Thirteen strains of a legionella-like organism with several unusual characteristics were subsequently isolated from the hospital hot water system. The various features of these strains show that they are identical to the new species 'Legionella anisa' described by the Centers for Disease Control. The possible pathogenicity of these strains to man and their relationship with the recently described Legionella bozemanii serogroup 2 are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Water disinfection with ozone, copper and silver ions, and temperature increase to control Legionella: seven years of experience in a university teaching hospital.

The efficacy of ozonation, copper-silver ionization and increased temperature in controlling Legionella spp. in the hot water distribution networks of a university hospital was evaluated. Two separate water distribution networks were studied; network 1 which supplies the surgical intensive care units, and network 2 which supplies the medical intensive care units and the emergency room. Network 1 has been disinfected by ozonation since 1995, and network 2 has been disinfected by ionisation since 1999. The hot water temperature was increased from 50 to 65 degrees C in 1998 and 2000 in networks 1 and 2, respectively. Water samples and swabs of the water outlets were cultured for Legionella spp. between four and six times each year, providing data before and after implementation of the disinfection procedures. There was no significant difference in the proportion of samples positive for Legionella spp. after ozonation in network 1 or after ionization in network 2. In both networks, there was a significant reduction in legionella isolates after increasing the hot water temperature to 65 degrees C. Maintaining the hot water temperature above 50 degrees C throughout both networks proved to be the most effective control measure in our hospital.

Copper↗
PubMed1984

Water fittings as sources of Legionella pneumophila in a hospital plumbing system.

An extensive study of the plumbing systems in Kingston Hospital was made over the three years following the 1980 outbreak of legionnaires' disease. The introduction of chlorination and raising the water temperature controlled the outbreak but failed to decontaminate water outlets in the wards. Legionella pneumophila was isolated from rubber washers in shower fittings, and laboratory experiments demonstrated the ability of L pneumophila to grow in water in contact with these rubber components. All the components in the hospital's fittings were replaced with an approved type, and since then L pneumophila has not been isolated from water or components.

Chlorine↗
PubMed1997

Efficacy of thermal treatment and copper-silver ionization for controlling Legionella pneumophila in high-volume hot water plumbing systems in hospitals.

BACKGROUND: Thermal treatment and copper-silver ionization are often used for controlling Legionella pneumophila in high-volume hospital plumbing systems, although the comparative efficacies of these measures in high-volume systems are unknown. METHODS: Thermal treatment of a hot water circuit was accomplished by flushing hot water (> 60 degrees C) through distal fixtures for 10 minutes. Copper-silver ionization was conducted in three circuits by installing units into return lines immediately upstream from hot water tanks. Recovery rates of L. pneumophila were monitored by culturing swab samples from faucets. Concentrations of copper and silver in water samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. RESULTS: Four heat-flush treatments failed to provide long-term control of L. pneumophila. In contrast, ionization treatment reduced the rate of recovery of L. pneumophila from 108 faucets from 72% to 2% within 1 month and maintained effective control for at least 22 months. Only three samples (1.9%) of hot water from faucets exceeded Environmental Protection Agency standards for silver, and none exceeded the standards for copper. Of 24 samples obtained from hot water tanks, 42% and 50% exceeded the silver and copper standards, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Copper-silver ionization effectively controls L. pneumophila in high-volume plumbing systems and is superior to thermal treatment; however, high concentrations of copper and silver can accumulate at the bottom of hot water tanks.

Copper↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The evaluation of the integral water treatment system of a general hospital in Mexico City].

The Mexican Health Office (SSA) promotes the use and progeny of the appropriate technology for the bacteriological quality evaluation and disinfect the water by means of the in situ progeny of the clorus and ozonus gases when needed, for the human consumption in suburban and rural communities. The clorus water disinfecting conventional methods by many reasons are useless, even in urbanized cities. CEDAT has built and design a group of apparatus, called: "Water treatment whole equipment for small communities", and it's build up by: Membrane Filter, Double Chamber Incubator, ultraviolet Light Sterilizer and a clorus and ozonus progenic gas electrolytic cell with CA and CD power box and a Venturi Tube. The electrolytic cell raw material is the sodium chlorine (salt) water mixed. The evaluation of these equipment was made at the Manuel Gea González Medical Doctor General Hospital. During 38 days there was a daily measure of chlorine sewage in six different parts of the hospital. It was used the cellulose membrane filter technic with a 0.45 mm porus and a sowing in M-Endo and M-FC Broth cultivation was in a 37 and 44 centigrade incubation. The first 10 days chlorine sewage was found, the last 28 weren't measurable. Total coliforms in 23 of 42, 7 days samples and excrement coliforms in 5 of 18, 3 days samples, were developed during the 38 days period. The electrolytic cell was settled for the water gas measure up in its way to the reservoir. Afterwards chlorine sewage was measured from 0.2 mg/l to 1 mg/l in all the sample parts. No germ kind was discovered during the 10 days sampling.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗