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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate derived from Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) attenuates hypertrophy induced by angiotensin II in cultured neonatal rat cardiac cells.

Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS), a derivative of tanshinone IIA, is isolated from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza known as "Danshen." Although injection of S. miltiorrhiza extract and STS is used widely and successfully in clinics in China for treating cardiovascular diseases, the exact mechanism for its therapeutic basis is poorly understood. The present study was undertaken to characterize the effect of STS on angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy on cultured myocytes and cardiac fibroblasts (nonmyocytes) prepared from neonatal rat hearts. Angiotensin II (1nM) increased protein synthesis and surface area in myocytes, and DNA synthesis and cell number in nonmyocytes, respectively. Exposure of the myocytes to STS (5-80 microM) for 24hr produced no cytotoxicity as evaluated by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-3,5-diphenylformazan (MTT) assay. Although STS (10 microM) alone showed no effect on the growth of cultured cardiac cells, it markedly suppressed angiotensin II-induced enlargement of cells and [3H]phenylalanine incorporation, proceeding from the induction of immediate early gene (c-jun) expression in myocytes. Furthermore, STS prevented the rise in [Ca(2+)](i) mediated by angiotensin II in myocytes. In contrast, STS (10 microM) was without effect on hyperplasia and c-jun expression induced by angiotensin II in nonmyocytes. The present in vitro findings support the interpretation that STS is a substance that may be beneficial in protecting the myocardium against hypertrophy.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed2002

Flavonoid glycosides from Salvia moorcroftiana wall.

Phytochemical analysis of the whole plant of Salvia moorcroftiana Wall. (Lamiaceae) resulted in the isolation of two new flavonoid glycosides, together with three known compounds. The structures of the new compounds were established as genkwanin 4'-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-galactopyranoside (1) and genkwanin 4'-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)]-beta-D-galactopyranoside] (2). The structures of all compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 2D NMR techniques.

Flavonoids↗
PubMed2001

Chromatographic (GC-MS, HPLC) and virological evaluations of Salvia sclarea infected by BBWV-I.

Salvia sclarea cultivated at the Herb Garden of Casola-Valsenio (Emilia-Romagna region, Italy) has been found for the first time naturally infected by broad bean wilt fabavirus, serotype I (BBWV-I). Symptomatic plants showed malformed leaves, with chlorotic mosaic followed by yellowing and stunting. BBWV-I was identified by applying virological tests: mechanical inoculations on herbaceous plants, electron microscopy, DAS-ELISA and PAS-ELISA. The essential oil obtained from BBWV-infected material corresponded to 2/3 the quantity of that from healthy material. The GC-MS and HPLC analyses of these oils afforded a comparative analytical profile of the two plant materials attributed to BBWV-I infection. The oils from infected materials showed higher percentages of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (e.g. germacrene D and beta-caryophyllene), monoterpene alcohols (e.g. alpha-terpineol) and diterpenoids (mainly sclareol). In contrast, lower levels of monoterpene hydrocarbons (e.g. myrcene, limonene and the two ocimene isomers) and the principal components (linalyl acetate and linalool) were observed.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2001

Microwave-assisted extraction of tanshinones from Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge with analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography.

A novel microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method has been developed for the extraction and determination of tanshinones (tanshinone IIA, cryptotanshinone and tanshinone I) from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge with analysis by HPLC. Various experimental conditions were investigated to optimize the percentage extraction. Under appropriate MAE conditions, such as ethanol concentrations of 95% (v/v), MAE for 2 min, liquid/solid ratio of 10:1 (ml/g), the percentage extraction can reach high in a short time. The percentage extraction (tanshinone IIA: 0.29%; cryptotanshinone: 0.23%; tanshinone I: 0.11%) by MAE was the same or even higher than conventional extraction methods. MAE only needs 2 min, but extraction at room temperature, heat reflux extraction, ultrasonic extraction and Soxhlet extraction need 24 h, 45 min, 75 min and 90 min, respectively. MAE was also available in pilot plant form for larger scale extraction.

Abietanes↗
PubMed2001

Preparative isolation and purification of six diterpenoids from the Chinese medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza by high-speed counter-current chromatography.

A high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) method was developed for the preparative separation and purification of six diterpenoids. dihydrotanshinone I, cryptotanshinone, methylenetanshiquinone, tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA and danshenxinkun B from the Chinese medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. The crude diterpenoids were obtained by extraction with ethanol-n-hexane (1:1, v/v) from S. miltiorrhiza Bunge. Preparative HSCCC with the two-phase solvent systems A composed of n-hexane-ethanol-water (10:5.5:4.5, v/v) and B composed of n-hexane-ethanol-water (10:7:3, v/v) was successfully performed in a stepwise elution yielding six relatively pure diterpenoids from 300 mg of the crude extract in a single run. The purities of dihydrotanshinone I, cryptotanshinone, methylenetanshiquinone, tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA and danshenxinkun B were 88.1, 98.8, 97.6, 93.5, 96.8 and 94.3%, respectively.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2002

Preparative isolation and purification of salvianolic acid B from the Chinese medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza by high-speed counter-current chromatography.

High-speed counter-current chromatography was applied to the isolation and purification of salvianolic acid B from the Chinese medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. The crude salvianolic acid B was obtained by extraction with ethanol-water from S. miltiorrhiza Bunge. Preparative high-speed counter-current chromatography with a two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-ethanol-water (3:7:1:9, v/v) was successfully performed yielding 342 mg salvianolic acid B at 98% purity from 500 mg of the crude extract in a one-step separation.

Benzofurans↗
PubMed2002

Separation of tanshinones from Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge by multidimensional counter-current chromatography.

Analytical and preparative high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was successfully used for the isolation and purification of tanshinones from the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Using multidimensional HSCCC, four major components including tanshinone IIA (16 mg), tanshinone I (10 mg), dihydrotanshinone I (7 mg) and cryptotanshinone (11 mg) were isolated each at high purity of over 95%.

Abietanes↗
PubMed2001

Protection of salvia miltiorrhiza against aflatoxin-B1-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in Fischer 344 rats dual mechanisms involved.

Extract of Salvia Miltiorrhiza (SM) has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating liver diseases. Recent experimental evidence indicates that it has anti-tumor potential. In this study, the effect of SM on alfatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis was investigated in male Fischer 344 rats. AFB1 (40 microg/100 g body wt, by gavage) was administered once a week for 24 weeks. In SM treatment group, rats were given SM (0.25g/100g body wt, 5 days/week by gavage) for a total of 28 weeks, including 4 weeks before and 24 weeks during AFB1 exposure. Results showed that the elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities due to AFB1 dosing was almost completely abolished by the treatment of SM, indicating that SM could prevent AFB1-induced liver cell injury. It was further observed that SM substantially reduced glutathione S-transferase placenta form (GST-P) positive foci formation and GST-P mRNA expression caused by AFB1, which clearly suggests that SM is effective in preventing AFB1-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Furthermore, the inhibition on AFB1 hepatocarcinigenesis was associated with a corresponding decrease in AFB1-DNA adducts formation as well as AFB1-induced oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine) in rat liver. Our results also indicate that the protective effect of SM might be mediated through dual mechanisms: (i) the enhancement of AFB1 detoxification pathway, especially the induction of GST-Yc2 mRNA expression, and (ii) the antioxidant property of SM.

8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine↗
PubMed2001

Role of intracellular thiol depletion, mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species in Salvia miltiorrhiza-induced apoptosis in human hepatoma HepG2 cells.

Recent studies have demonstrated that induction of apoptosis is related to the cell growth inhibition potential of Salvia Miltiorrhiza (SM), a traditional herbal medicine. In the present study, we further explore the mechanistic pathway involved in SM-induced apoptosis in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. A rapid decline of intracellular glutathione (GSH) and protein thiol content was found in SM-treated cells. Moreover. SM exposure resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction as demonstrated by: (i) the onset of mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT); (ii) the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP); and (iii) the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol. Subsequently, elevated level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed prior to the onset of DNA fragmentation. However, no caspase-3 cleavage was observed throughout the whole period of SM treatment, while a caspase-3-independent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage was noted at the late stage in SM-induced apoptosis. Pretreatment of cells with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), the GSH synthesis precursor, conferred complete protection against MMP loss, ROS generation and apoptosis induced by SM. MPT inhibitors, cyclosporin A plus trifluoperazine, partially restored intracellular GSH content, and reduced SM-induced ROS formation and subsequently inhibited cell death. Moreover, antioxidants NAC, deferoxamine and catalase had little effect on GSH depletion and mitochondrial dysfunction, yet still were able to completely protect cells from SM-induced apoptosis. Taken together, our results suggest that SM deplete intracellular thiols, which, in turn, causes MPT and subsequent increase in ROS generation, and eventually apoptotic cell death.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed2003

Salvia miltiorrhiza attenuates the changes in contraction and intracellular calcium induced by anoxia and reoxygenation in rat cardiomyocytes.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) on contraction and the intracellular calcium of isolated ventricular myocytes during normoxia or anoxia and reoxygenation using a video tracking system and spectrofluorometry. Cardiac ventricular myocytes were isolated enzymatically by collagenase and exposed to 5 min of anoxia followed by 10 min of reoxygenation. SM (1-9 g/L) depressed both contraction and the [Ca(2+)](i) transient in a dose-dependent manner. SM did not affect the diastolic calcium level and the sarcolemmal Ca(2+) channel of myocytes but decreased the caffeine-induced calcium release. During anoxia, the +/-dL/dtmax, amplitudes of contraction (dL) of cell contraction and [Ca(2+)](i) transients were decreased, while the diastolic calcium level was increased. None of the parameters returned to the pre-anoxia level during reoxygenaton. However, SM (3 g/L) did attenuate the changes in cell contraction and intracellular calcium induced by anoxia and reoxygenation. It is concluded that SM has different effects on normoxic and anoxic cardiomyocytes. The SM-induced reduction of changes in contraction and intracellular calcium induced by anoxia/reoxygenation indicates that SM may be beneficial for cardiac tissue in recovery of mechanical function and intracellular calcium homeostasis.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Apianane terpenoids from Salvia officinalis.

Three apianane terpenoids, rel-(5S, 6S, 7S, 10R, 12S, 13R)-7-hydroxyapiana-8,14-diene-11,16-dion-(22,6)-olide, rel-(5S, 6S, 7R, 10R, 12S, 13R)-7-hydroxyapiana-8,14-diene-11,16-dion-(22,6)-olide and rel-(5S, 6S, 7S, 10R, 12R, 13S)-7-hydroxyapiana-8,14-diene-11,16-dion-(22,6)-olide were isolated from the leaves of Salvia officinalis, together with 15 known compounds, salvigenin, lupeol, beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, physcion, carnosol, rosmadial, rosmanol, epirosmanol, isorosmanol, columbaridione, atuntzensin A, miltirone, carnosic acid and 12-O-methyl carnosic acid. Their structures were established on the basis of spectral evidence.

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy↗
PubMed2002

6-Methylcryptoacetalide, 6-methyl-epicryptoacetalide and 6-methylcryptotanshinone from Salvia aegyptiaca.

From the whole plant of Salvia aegyptiaca, 6-methylcryptoacetalide, 6-methyl-epicryptoacetalide and 6-methylcryptotanshinone have been isolated and characterized, mainly by spectroscopic means. In addition to these novel diterpenoids, the known compounds 3beta-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid, 3beta-hydroxy-oleana-11,13(18)-dien-28-oic acid, sitosterol-3beta-glucoside, sitosterol, stigmasterol, 5-hydroxy-7,3',4'-trimethoxyflavone and 5, 6-dihydroxy-7,3',4'-trimethoxyflavone were isolated.

Abietanes↗
PubMed2002

Abietane diterpenoids and triterpenoic acids from Salvia cilicica and their antileishmanial activities.

Bioguided-fractionation of an acetone extract of the roots of Salvia cilicica (Lamiaceae) led to isolation of two new diterpenes, 7-hydroxy-12-methoxy-20-nor-abieta-1,5(10),7,9,12-pentaen-6,14-dione and abieta-8,12-dien-11,14-dione (12-deoxy-royleanone), together with oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, ferruginol, inuroyoleanol and cryptanol. Their structures were determined spectroscopically, which included HREIMS and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis. The new abietane derivatives showed appreciable in vitro antileishmanial activity against intracellular amastigote forms of both Leishmania donovani (IC(50) values of 170 and 120 nM, respectively) and Leishmania major (IC(50) values of 290 and 180 nM, respectively). The triterpenoic acids were found to be potently active against amastigote (IC(50) values of 7-120 nM) and moderately active against promastigote stages (IC(50) values of 51-137 nM) of the two Leishmania species.

Abietanes↗
PubMed2003

A cDNA clone for 3-carene synthase from Salvia stenophylla.

The essential oil of Salvia stenophylla contains (+)-3-carene as the principal monoterpene component. Using an enriched cDNA library prepared from mRNA isolated from S. stenophylla peltate glandular trichomes, and a homology-based cloning strategy, a full-length cDNA was isolated that encoded a preprotein of 69.7 kDa which resembled a monoterpene synthase in sequence. Heterologous expression of the gene in Escherichia coli provided a soluble recombinant enzyme capable of catalyzing the divalent metal ion-dependent conversion of geranyl diphosphate to (+)-3-carene and to lesser amounts of limonene, myrcene, 4-carene and beta-phellandrene. This multiple-product synthase is responsible for the production of all of the essential oil monoterpenes of S. stenophylla.

Alkyl and Aryl Transferases↗
PubMed2003

Diterpenoid from Salvia greggii.

The structure of a diterpenoid, designated salvigresin, that was isolated from the aerial parts of Salvia greggii, has been confirmed by spectroscopic investigation and X-ray analysis.

Diterpenes↗
PubMed2003

Cardioactive and antibacterial terpenoids from some Salvia species.

Seven Salvia species were investigated recently for their chemical and biological activities. Some terpenoidal compounds exhibited cardiovascular and antibacterial activities. A number of new diterpenoids were obtained and their structures were established through extensive spectral analysis.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Synergistic and antagonistic interactions of anticholinesterase terpenoids in Salvia lavandulaefolia essential oil.

In vitro anticholinesterase activities of eight commercially available terpenoid constituents of Salvia lavandulaefolia have been investigated. These included 1,8-cineole, camphor, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, borneol, caryophyllene oxide, linalool and bornyl acetate. Dose-dependent inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by these chemical constituents was determined using the method of Ellman [Biochem. Pharmacol. 7 (1961) 88]. The IC50 value of 1,8-cineole was 0.06+/-0.01 mg/ml similar to that of the essential oil (0.05+/-0.01 mg/ml). Analyses of the expected inhibitions based on the prediction of a zero interactive response of a combination at its naturally occurring ratios were carried out in comparison with observed inhibition. Minor synergy was apparent in 1,8-cineole/alpha-pinene and 1,8-cineole/caryophyllene oxide combinations, with interaction indexes not exceeding 0.5. In contrast, a combination of camphor and 1,8-cineole was antagonistic with an interaction index of 2. A combination of all eight compounds was zero interactive. A combination of six constituents, excluding 1,8-cineole and camphor, was used to compare the method of expected response of a combination with a method of summation. These findings reveal that the inhibitory activity of the oil results from a complex interaction between its constituents, which produce both synergistic and antagonistic responses between the component terpenes. Understanding such interactions is important in comparing species on the basis of chemical composition.

Cholinesterase Inhibitors↗
PubMed2003

Characterization of immunomodulatory polysaccharides from Salvia officinalis L.

Crude polysaccharide fractions, rich mainly in arabinogalactans (A), pectin (B) and glucuronoxylan-related polymers (D), have been obtained from aerial parts of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) by sequential extraction with various reagents. Arabinogalactans displayed on HPLC a dominance of lower molecular-mass polymers (MW < 10,000), while pectin and glucuronoxylan-related polysaccharides showed predominance of polymers with MW > 50,000. Individual polysaccharide fractions were examined for their immunomodulatory activity in the in vitro comitogenic thymocyte test. The polysaccharide fractions tested possessed the capacity to induce rat thymocyte proliferation in the order D>B>A. Besides, fraction D possessed a significant comitogenic effect, and the SIcomit/SImit ratio 3-4 indicates potential adjuvant properties of this glucuronoxylan-rich material.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗