Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Rh Sensitization”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Closing the Rh immune globulin utilization gap.

A simple and effective system, designed to achieve 100% utilization of Rh immune globulin in a general hospital, is presented. During a one-year period, all Rh-negative women exposed to events capable of inducing Rh sensitization were identified. In every case the protection of these women was verified. Four major oversights were discovered and immediately corrected, resulting in adequate protection of all Rh-negative women at risk of Rh sensitization. The system is compared with two other successful programs currently in use. The role of the Pathology Department, as a fail-safe mechanism to close potential loopholes in a Rh prophylaxis program, is emphasized.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1987

Oral administration of erythrocyte membrane antigen does not suppress anti-Rh(D) antibody responses in humans.

The effects of prior oral administration of erythrocyte membrane preparations (Oral Rh antigen) on the serum anti-Rh(D) antibody response has been evaluated in non-sensitized Rh(D)-negative male volunteers, and in female volunteers sensitized previously by Rh(D)-positive fetal blood during pregnancy. Sixty-one percent (11/18) of males who received oral Rh antigen (either D-positive or D-negative) before intravenous challenge with Rh(D)-positive cells produced detectable antibodies; of these 11, six received oral Rh(D)-negative antigen and five received oral Rh(D)-positive antigen. Seventy-two percent (13/18) of control males, who had received no prior oral Rh antigen, produced antibodies following challenge with Rh(D)-positive cells. Three out of six pre-sensitized females who received oral D-positive or D-negative Rh antigen for 4 weeks, but without intravenous challenge, increased their anti-Rh(D) antibody levels which peaked after 11-18 weeks: two had received Rh(D)-positive antigen, and one Rh(D)-negative antigen. These data indicate that administration of oral Rh antigen before parenteral immunization does not significantly suppress the anti-Rh(D) antibody response. Indeed, oral administration of either Rh(D)-positive or Rh(D)-negative antigen can boost systemic antibody in pre-sensitized females. These results do not support the rationale of treating Rh-sensitized pregnant women with oral Rh antigen.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1995

Management of neonatal Rh disease.

Dramatic improvements have been made in the management of Rh disease. Anti-D immune globulin has reduced the incidence of Rh sensitization. Intrauterine transfusions have become routine to treat fetal anemia. Once an affected infant is born, several recent improvements in neonatal care have aided in the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia. These include improved phototherapy, such as fiberoptic delivery systems, and intravenous immunoglobulin. Experience with heme oxygenase inhibitors is accumulating, and they may prove efficacious in Rh disease. Double-volume (and perhaps single-volume) exchange transfusion remains an effective method to control hyperbilirubinemia when other therapies fail. Erythropoietin may have a role in treating late, hyporegenerative anemia. Finally, better ways to assess the risk of brain injury in patients with hyperbilirubinemia may become available. Cooperation between the obstetric and neonatal teams to treat Rh-sensitized mothers and their babies is essential.

Anemia, Neonatal↗
PubMed1987

Hydrops fetalis associated with immunologic and nonimmunologic factors.

Described is a pregnancy complicated by severe Rh sensitization and hydrops fetalis which was managed aggressively with frequent intrauterine transfusions initiated at 21 1/2 weeks of gestation. No improvement or only temporary improvement of the fetal hydrops was observed after each intrauterine transfusion. Postmortem examination of the infant revealed the additional presence of nonimmunologic factors involved such as pulmonic atresia and lung hypoplasia. In cases of severe Rh sensitization associated with persistent fetal hydrops despite frequent intrauterine transfusions, the presence of coexistent factors for nonimmunologic fetal hydrops should be considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Fetal microcirculation of abnormal human placenta. II. Scanning electron microscopy of placental vascular casts from fetus with severe erythroblastosis fetalis.

The latex injection-corrosion cast technique coupled with scanning electron microscopy was applied to the study of severe Rh sensitization of the placenta. The main observed ultrastructural changes in fetal vasculature in this type of placenta were very similar to those of the small for gestational age placenta; large-sized vessels exhibited less branching than those of the normal placenta, and the capillary network showed numerous vascular buds and "H"-shaped anastomoses. In addition, in Rh-sensitized placentas, the capillary network was remarkably sparse, and the cast also revealed smooth-surfaced veins with distinct U shapes undulating through the placental stroma. These U-shaped veins may be the result of umbilical flow impedance with subsequent umbilical venous hypertension, which stretches the veins into undulating form.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Patterns of pulmonary maturation in normal and abnormal pregnancy.

Fetal pulmonary maturation may be a variable event depending on various feto-maternal environmental and biochemical influences. The patterns of maturation were studied in 211 amniotic fluid samples from 123 patients (normal 55; diabetes 23; Rh sensitization 19; preeclampsia 26). The phenomenon of globule formation from the amniotic fluid lipid extract and is relation to pulmonary maturity was utilized for this analysis. Validation of this technique is presented. A normal curve was constructed from 22 to 42 weeks; gestation and compared to the abnormal pregnancies. Patients with class A, B, and C diabetes and Rh-sensitized pregnancies had delayed pulmonary maturation. Patients with class D diabetes and preclampsia paralleled the normal course of maturation. A discussion of these results and their possible cause is presented.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1984

Distribution of placental grade in high-risk gravidas.

One hundred twenty-eight high-risk gravidas and 62 normal gravidas who had undergone placental sonography were compared retrospectively according to placental grade, risk category, and stage of pregnancy at the time of the examination. Pregnancies ranged from 28 weeks of gestation to term. For analysis, the group of high-risk patients was subdivided into four categories representing specific disease states: chronic hypertension and/or preeclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation, maternal diabetes, and Rh sensitization. To eliminate gestational age bias, both the normal group and the high-risk subgroups were further subdivided into preterm and term pregnancies. Placental grade distribution was similar between the high-risk group overall and the normal group, but specific disease entities were associated with widely varying distributions of placental grade. In particular, hypertension and intrauterine growth retardation showed a strong correlation with accelerated placental maturation, whereas diabetes and Rh sensitization were associated with delayed maturation of the placenta. These differences were more pronounced in the preterm population.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1993

Assessment of fetal lung maturity by fluorescence polarization in high-risk pregnancies.

Although the validity of amniotic fluid fluorescence polarization (FPOL) has been documented in normal pregnancies, data are lacking on the predictive value of this method in high-risk pregnancies where biochemical maturation of the fetal lung may be altered. In this study, amniotic fluid was obtained from 86 women with pregnancies complicated by insulin-dependent diabetes (42), twin gestation (22), Rh sensitization (13) and known fetal anomalies (9). In all groups, when FPOL was > .280 (immature), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) was always absent and lecithin and sphingomyelin ratio (L/S) was < 2.5:1. When FPOL values were < .260 (mature), PG was always present and L/S was > 2.5 in 45/50 samples. When FPOL values ranged between .260-.280 (intermediate), L/S and PG values varied and were inconsistent. We conclude that FPOL assessment of fetal lung maturity in pregnancies complicated by diabetes, Rh sensitization, twin gestation and fetal anomalies is as accurate a procedure as is fetal lung maturity testing by L/S and PG. In addition, the testing procedure is quicker, more reproducible and, possibly, more reliable.

4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan↗
PubMed1977

[Treatment of severe Rhesus erythroblastosis].

Report about the management of cases of severe Rhesus erythroblastosis. One case is specially discussed because of it's actuality. This was a patient with severe Rh-sensitization (OOD at 450 mm from the beginning of the 30th week of gestation in zone III according to Liley). Because of the haemolytic disease and the chronic fetal distress the Caesarean section was already performed in the 32nd week of gestation after Betamethason treatment of the mother. The Lecithin-Sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio in the amniotic fluid as a criterium of fetal lung maturity raised almost twicefold (from 0.9 to 1.6) after Cortison treatment. The intensive care (assisted ventilation with PEEP, correction of the acidosis and transfusion of packed red cells) of the severely anaemic (Hb 3.5 g%, Hk 15 vol.%) and hydropic newborn was already started in the delivery room. The newborn developed no RDS and was discharged healthy. With reference to this and other cases the management of severe Rh-sensitization before the 34th week of gestation is discussed. Premature infants are mainly susceptable to the development of a Respiratory Distress syndrome (RDS). After antepartum Cortison treatment for prevention of an RDS the date of confinement should be arranged earlier. The value of an early Caesarian section after antepartum Glucocorticoid treatment as compared to the application of intrauterine transfusions in cases of severe erythroblastosis is discussed. It is also reported about recent methods of treatment of severe conditions of hydrops fetalis.

Austria↗
PubMed2003

Noninvasive management of Rh partial null (D--) to supplement traditional management of Rh isoimmunization.

BACKGROUND: Rh partial null (D--) is a rare cause of Rh sensitization in an Rh-positive patient. Noninvasive management for this condition using middle cerebral artery Doppler studies was used to reduce invasive testing. CASE: An Rh D+ woman had an antibody titer of 1:512 to Rh-17, the Rh Cc/Ee protein. Rh typing revealed absence of any antigens at the Cc/Ee locus. Her husband was Rh D--, ccee. Middle cerebral artery Doppler studies and serial amniocenteses for Delta OD(450) were performed. When testing suggested severe fetal anemia, two intrauterine transfusions were performed. CONCLUSION: Middle cerebral artery Doppler studies can be used to predict fetal anemia before the first transfusion. However, the cutoff to predict subsequent anemia in Rh D-- after transfusion remains to be defined.

Adult↗