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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Early effects of aspirin desensitization treatment in asthmatic patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease.

BACKGROUND: Aspirin (ASA)-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is characterized by aggressive inflammation of the respiratory tract and often requires topical and/or systemic corticosteroids to maintain partial control of this disease. Previous studies have revealed that ASA desensitization and subsequent treatment with ASA is associated with clinical improvement in AERD. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of daily ASA treatment for the first 4 weeks after ASA desensitization. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients underwent ASA oral challenge followed by ASA desensitization and daily ASA therapy. Changes in nasal and asthma symptoms, combined with changes in oral prednisone, were recorded daily during 4 weeks before and after desensitization. Severity of symptoms ranged from a scale of 1 to 5 (1 = asymptomatic and 5 = most severe symptoms). For statistical analyses the sum of nasal symptoms and asthma symptoms was calculated. Olfactory scores were also analyzed. RESULTS: Nasal and asthma symptom scores, as well as olfactory scores, improved significantly (P < 0.0001). For the 15 patients taking prednisone, their mean doses decreased from 10.7 to 5.9 mg daily (P = 0.0003). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that ASA desensitization treatment is effective during the first 4 weeks of daily treatment with ASA.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Effectiveness of echinacin in therapy of chronic recurrent respiratory disease].

PURPOSE: Echinacea purpurea (echinacin) is frequently used in the therapy of chronic recurrent respiratory disease. The aim of this study was to show whether treatment of chronic recurrent respiratory disease with echinacin has a greater benefit in terms of effectiveness than therapy without an immunomodulator. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Frequency, duration of recurrence, resources used and patients' satisfaction was documented in order to assess benefit. In this prospective, non-randomised, multi-centre, nationwide, two-armed health services research study, data of 995 patients (782 echinacin-, 213 standard-cohort) with chronic recurrent respiratory disease were collected. The perspectives of statutory health insurance (SHI), patients and health policy were taken into consideration. RESULTS: The risk of falling ill was 2.3 fold higher and the duration of relapse 1.4 days more compared to the standard-cohort. There was a clinical and economical benefit from the therapy with echinacin for SHI and health policies. In contrast, patients experienced a greater financial burden. Average total costs per patient during the observation period of 3 months amounted to 238.35 in the standard-cohort and to 228.95 in the echinacin-cohort. Results of the intent-to-treat-analysis were reconfirmed in a per-protocol-analysis. CONCLUSION: This health services-research-study taking the therapy of chronic recurrent respiratory disease with echinacin as an example has shown that even non-prescription drugs can have clinical and economic benefits.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Immune therapy in respiratory disease.

Pharmacologic manipulation of pulmonary immunity plays an important role in primary and adjunct therapy for equine respiratory disease. Frequent exposure to respiratory viral pathogens, strenuous exercise, long distance transport, and inhalation of harmful substances destroy various aspects of the pulmonary defense system and predispose performance horses to development of infectious and noninfectious respiratory disease. Pulmonary immunity may be bolstered by nonspecific immunostimulants to combat primary or secondary immunodeficiency. State of the art technology improves active and passive-specific immunity for prevention of common infectious respiratory diseases in horses. Immuno-suppressive therapy can attenuate hyperreactive pulmonary immune responses in horses with allergic airway disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Quality-of-life assessment in respiratory disease: an examination of the content and validity of four questionnaires.

Four recent questionnaires for measuring the quality of life of patients with respiratory disease (Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire, St George's Respiratory Questionnaire, Living with Asthma Questionnaire, and Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire) differ in the content and style of the items used. Differences in content arise over the use or emphasis on symptom items, functional limitation (activity) items, and emotion items. These differences stem in part from the different methods used for item selection and refinement, which include selecting the most 'important' items, qualitative analysis for clarity, ratings of distress, and psychometric analysis. Despite these differences, there is considerable evidence for content validity of all four questionnaires. Because quality of life is so poorly developed as a theoretical construct, the demonstrable statement that all 4 questionnaires have construct validity provides little information about the questionnaires.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

Allergic respiratory disease.

Allergic rhinitis and extrinsic allergic alveolitis are the most common allergic disorders of the bovine respiratory system. Environmental and management factors play significant roles in the pathogenesis of these disorders. When compared to infectious or toxic respiratory disease, allergic respiratory disease is relatively rare and of far less economic importance in North American cattle; however, the environmental and management conditions conducive to these diseases exist in many regions. Therefore, familiarity with the clinical and epidemiologic features of these unique diseases will aid the veterinarian in establishing an accurate diagnosis. Signs of respiratory dysfunction are common to anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions. Early recognition of these adverse reactions will provide the practitioner with the greatest chance of successful treatment.

Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic↗
PubMed2006

[Influenza in the patient of chronic respiratory disease].

The patient of chronic respiratory disease belongs to high risk group of the influenza, and when influenza will happen, they will become sever. Therefore, these patient should take the vaccination at first. Being vaccinated, even if the influenza will occur, the condition will not be sever and with the antiviral agents, anti-bacterial agents should be given with or without the existence of bacterial infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Association between ozone and hospitalization for respiratory diseases in 16 Canadian cities.

The effects of tropospheric ozone on lung function and respiratory symptoms have been well documented at relatively high concentrations. However, previous investigations have failed to establish a clear association between tropospheric ozone and respiratory diseases severe enough to require hospitalization after controlling for climate, and with gaseous and particulate air pollution at the lower concentrations typically observed in Canada today. To determine if low levels of tropospheric ozone contribute to hospitalization for respiratory disease, air pollution data were compared to hospital admissions for 16 cities across Canada representing 12.6 million people. During the 3927-day period from April 1, 1981, to December 31, 1991, there were 720,519 admissions for which the principle diagnosis was a respiratory disease. After controlling for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, soiling index, and dew point temperature, the daily high hour concentration of ozone recorded 1 day previous to the date of admission was positively associated with respiratory admissions in the April to December period but not in the winter months. The relative risk for a 30 ppb increase in ozone varied from 1.043 (P < 0.0001) to 1.024 (P = 0.0258) depending on the selection of covariates in the regression model and subset of cities examined. The association between ozone and respiratory hospitalizations varied among cities, with relative risks ranging from 1.000 to 1.088 after simultaneous covariate adjustment. Particulate matter and carbon monoxide were also positively associated with respiratory hospitalizations. These results suggest that ambient air pollution at the relatively low concentrations observed in this study, including tropospheric ozone, is associated with excess admissions to hospital for respiratory diseases in populations experiencing diverse climates and air pollution profiles.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed2005

Tulathromycin: an overview of a new triamilide antibiotic for livestock respiratory disease.

Tulathromycin is a novel triamilide antimicrobial that has been approved for use in the treatment and prevention of bovine respiratory disease and the treatment of swine respiratory disease in the European Union and the United States. The agent penetrates gram-negative bacteria well, and it exhibits mixed bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity. Tulathromycin is formulated as a ready-to-use, sterile aqueous solution, and the packaged concentration of 100 mg tulathromycin/ml allows low-volume dosing. This agent is characterized by rapid absorption from the injection site, extensive distribution to tissue, and slow elimination, thereby providing high, prolonged drug concentration in the lungs. Studies show that a single dose of tulathromycin is effective in treating cattle and swine with respiratory disease and in preventing high-risk cattle from developing respiratory disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Correlation between respiratory alterations and respiratory diseases due to urban pollution.

BACKGROUND: Air pollution is strongly correlated with allergic and infectious diseases. Chronicity of the stimulation and immaturity of the defense system make children prone to respiratory diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the adverse effects of urban levels of air pollution, correlating children's respiratory diseases and ultrastructural studies in rats, compared to controls in a clean area. METHODS: An epidemiological survey was conducted with 2000 school children (age range 7-14 years old), divided into two groups of 1000 children each: the Red group from São Paulo city (17,000,000 inhabitants) and the Green group from a rural area around the city of Tupã with no air pollution at all. A questionnaire was given to the children's parents in order to estimate history of respiratory diseases and predisposing factors. A total of 69 rats were housed for 6 months in the center of São Paulo, and ultrastructural studies of the epithelium of the airways were done and compared to 56 control animals in the rural area. RESULTS: The Red group of children had a statistically significant (P < 0.005) high prevalence of respiratory diseases such as rhinitis, sinusitis, and upper respiratory infections (URI). Rats exposed to air pollution developed ultrastructural ciliary alterations. CONCLUSION: The results obtained in the present investigation suggest that chronic exposure to urban levels of air pollution may cause respiratory diseases in children and ultrastructural ciliary alterations in the epithelium of the airways in rats, when compared to controls in a pollution-free rural area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Acute respiratory disease hospitalizations as a measure of impact of epidemic influenza.

Current measures of the health impact of epidemic influenza focus on analyses of death certificate data which may underestimate the true health effect. Previous investigations of influenza-related morbidity either have lacked virologic confirmation of influenza virus activity in the community or were not population-based. Community virologic surveillance in Houston, Texas has demonstrated that influenza viruses have produced epidemics each year since 1974. This study examined the relationship of hospitalizations with acute respiratory disease to the occurrence of influenza epidemics. Discharge records of 13,297 acute respiratory disease hospitalizations that occurred between July 1978 and June 1981 were obtained from 11 hospitals with 48.4% of hospital beds available in Harris County (metropolitan Houston). The correlation of adult acute respiratory disease hospitalizations with established indices of community acute respiratory disease morbidity was strong (r = 0.74) and indicated that the peak of adult acute respiratory disease hospitalizations followed the peak of influenza virus isolations by one week. Only 23.2% of persons hospitalized were 65 years of age or older, compared to 60-70% of persons who die during influenza epidemics. Although the highest rates of acute respiratory disease hospitalizations occurred among infants and persons aged 65 years or older, the rates for adults 45-64 years and preschool children aged 1-4 years were greater than 1 per 1,000 persons. Surveillance of acute respiratory disease hospitalizations can improve the measurement of serious morbidity associated with epidemic influenza, and can better define the characteristics of persons at risk for development of illness requiring hospitalization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Respiratory diseases of gallinaceous birds.

Respiratory conditions constitute many of the diseases affecting all avian species, including gallinaceous birds. Clinical signs and gross lesions of different respiratory diseases are often similar, and establishing a definitive diagnosis may require ancillary laboratory testing. Determination of a specific diagnosis allows practitioners to select the most effective therapies and to prescribe a management program that prevents recurrence.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Follow-up of children less than five years of age suffering from respiratory diseases: literature review].

Study of a descriptive nature, aiming at identifying publications related to respiratory diseases in children aged less than five years, in national and international periodicals and in some textbooks, from 1990 through 2002, and identifying the ones which describe respiratory diseases over the course of children's growth and development. Twenty-seven works were analyzed. Some features are presented referring to quantity of authors published, language of publication, and methodological as well as thematic aspects: respiratory diseases in children, their determiners and risk factors; use of health services for children suffering from respiratory problems; follow-up and respiratory diseases in childhood.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2000

Bovine respiratory disease: commercial vaccines currently available in Canada.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) remains a significant cost to both the beef and dairy industries. In the United States, an estimated 640 million dollars is lost annually due to BRD. Losses are largely a result of pneumonic pasteurellosis ("shipping fever"), enzootic pneumonia of calves, and atypical interstitial pneumonia. In Canada, over 80% of the biologics licensed for use in cattle are against agents associated with BRD. The objectives of this paper were (a) to summarize information available concerning commercial vaccines currently used in Canada for protection against BRD, and (b) to provide an easily accessible resource for veterinary practitioners and researchers. Information from the most recent Compendium of Veterinary Products has been tabulated for each vaccine by trade name, according to vaccine type, and the pathogens against which they are designed to protect. Additional information from published articles (peer-reviewed and other) has been provided and referenced.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Development of coding system for respiratory diseases and its application to classifying cases reported in the Japanese Journal of Thoracic Diseases].

We developed a coding system for respiratory diseases and related conditions for computer-aided analyses of these diseases. It is a one-axis alphanumeric system with a list of three-character categories and additional digits separated by a decimal point for subcategories. Respiratory and related diseases are categorized into eight groups; diseases of (1) the lung and airway, (2) the pleura, (3) the mediastinum, (4) the diaphragm, (5) the chest wall, (6) the heart and cardiovascular system, (7) the esophagus, and (8) clinical conditions predisposing to pulmonary disease. The first character, a letter from the A to G, represents a major disease category of (1) to (7) and X that of (8); and subdivisions are shown in the second position using the numbers from 0 to 9. Further subdivisions are provided in the third position also using numbers. Actual coding was done on case reports which appeared in the Japanese Journal of Thoracic Diseases from 1973 to 1993, and all cases were coded properly. The system is expected to prove useful in computer aided analyses of respiratory diseases.

Computers↗
PubMed1985

Alexithymia and chronic respiratory disease. A review of current research.

Alexithymia within a chronic respiratory illness population has been given considerable attention in the psychiatric/psychological literature over the course of the past 5 years. Various observations as to the alexithymic trait within the chronic respiratory diseases (asthma, chronic bronchitis/emphysema, and tuberculosis) have revealed significant findings as to the manner in which alexithymia manifests itself and impacts on chronic respiratory disease. The present paper reviews the literature on alexithymia that has emanated from National Jewish Hospital and Research Center/National Asthma Center and raises questions for future research as regards alexithymia in chronic respiratory diseases.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Isolation of an etiologic agent of acute respiratory disease (rhinotracheitis) of turkey poults.

A small gram-negative motile bacillus was isolated from laboratory poults affected by acute respiratory disease (rhinotracheitis) of turkeys. The bacterium was inoculated intranasally into susceptible day-old poults; the poults developed typical clinical signs of acute respiratory disease, and the bacterium was reisolated. This same bacterium was isolated from commercial poults with typical signs of acute respiratory disease but not from poults of similar age which were clinically normal. The bacterium has not been identified taxonomically. We conclude that it is a primary etiologic agent for acute respiratory disease of turkey poults.

Animals↗