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PubMed2001

Sorption and transport of radionuclides by tumbleweeds from two plastic-lined radioactive waste ponds.

Previous research has examined the uptake of radionuclides by tumbleweeds growing in contaminated soils, but none has heretofore examined the sorption of radionuclides to tumbleweeds blowing into radioactively contaminated water. Three tumbleweed species; Russian thistle (Salsola kali), Jim Hill mustard (Sisymbrium altissimum) and summer cypress (Kochia scoparia) blow in, and out of, two plastic-lined radioactive wastewater ponds, constructed in 1993 on the US Department of Energy's Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory in southeast Idaho. This research quantified radionuclide sorption to tumbleweeds, tumbleweed movement from the ponds, and determined radionuclide transport from the ponds. Average plant/water concentration factors associated with tumbleweeds taken from the ponds ranged from 5 for 152Eu to over 9000 for 54Mn. Based on changes in tumbleweed numbers and average concentrations associated with them, 66.2 MBq were estimated to have been transported from the ponds via tumbleweeds between 18 October 1994 and 8 November 1996. This amounts to about 0.01% of the non-tritium and 0.0002% of the tritium activity released to the ponds through 8 November 1996. A power function best described the radionuclide buildup curve for tumbleweeds submerged in the ponds. Visually marked tumbleweeds traveled from the ponds in the predominant wind direction a maximum of 737 m. Management practices which may reduce the number of tumbleweeds blowing both into and out of contaminated ponds are discussed.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1999

The use of delay tanks in the management of radioactive waste from thyroid therapy.

An underground system of tanks was installed to delay the discharge of 131I waste from the thyroid therapy unit to the on-site sewage treatment plant. As a consequence, the level of radioactivity discharged to sewage has fallen by a factor of 530, reducing the radiation dose to hospital and auxiliary service staff. Cancer patients are no longer required to collect their urine, hence increasing the hygiene for all concerned. A model was developed of iodine waste which estimates the dose rate above the delay tanks and the activity of iodine discharged. The maximum effective dose to a member of the public due to the holding tanks is 40 microSv.year-1. There is now better management of the radioactive waste from the iodine therapy ward.

Humans↗