Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “RADIO”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Tumor-specific chemo-radio-gene therapy for colorectal cancer cells using adenovirus vector expressing the cytosine deaminase gene.

We studied the effect of suicide gene therapy using an adenovirus vector expressing the cytosine deaminase (CD) gene combined with irradiation therapy (chemo-radio-gene therapy) for human colorectal cancer cells. Since serum CEA levels are elevated in patients with some malignant tumors including colorectal cancer, we applied the CEA promoter to chemo-radio-gene therapy, expecting tumor-specific expression of the CD gene. In in vitro study, we succeeded in selective expression of the target CD gene and growth inhibition in only CEA-producing tumor cells; Further the inhibitory effect was enhanced by combination with radiation therapy in an irradiation dose-dependent manner. In addition, in in vivo study, a significant growth inhibition was observed in chemo-radio-gene therapy in comparison with radiation therapy alone or suicide gene therapy alone. Thus, we suggest that tumor-specific chemo-radio-gene therapy may be a useful strategy for human colorectal cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

[Clinical study on treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer with Chinese herbal medicine combined with synchronous radio- and chemotherapy].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of applying Chinese herbal medicine according to Syndrome Differentiation of TCM combined with synchronous radio- and chemotherapy (combination therapy) in treating advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: The 56 patients in the group A were treated with combination therapy, and the 44 patients in the group B treated with synchronous radio- and chemotherapy, while the 34 patients in the group C treated with non-synchronous radio- and chemotherapy. The efficacy of treatment in the three groups were observed and compared. RESULTS: The immediate effective rate in the A, B, C groups was 87.5%, 84.1% and 55.9% respectively, that in the group A and B was better than that in the group C (P < 0.01). The median survival time in the three groups was 16.4, 11.8 and 10.6 months respectively. The 2-year and 3-year survival rate in the group A were markedly higher than those in the group B (P < 0.05), moreover, the clinical symptoms, Karnovsky scoring and immune function were obviously improved in the group A (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Effect of the combination therapy is superior to that of synchronous radio- and chemotherapy alone in improving immune function, elevating quality of life and prolongating survival time of patients with NSCLC.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Identification by suppression subtractive hybridization of p21 as a radio-inducible gene in human glioma cells.

BACKGROUND: Radio-gene therapy involves the delivery, to tumor cells, of a therapeutic transgene whose expression is controlled by irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Here, we sought to identify novel radio-inducible transcripts in U87MG human malignant glioma cells using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). RESULTS: Of 998 clones from a subtracted library of irradiated U87MG cells, 24 candidate clones were identified by dot blot and 3 clones were confirmed as having been induced by irradiation by Northern blot analysis. All three clones showed 99-100% homology to the cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor, p21(Waf/Cip1). A screening of 12 human malignant glioma cell lines revealed that irradiation increased p21 mRNA expression and p21 protein levels levels in all of the five cell lines retaining p53 wild-type activity in a p53 reporter assay, but in none of seven p53 reporter-negative cell lines. CONCLUSION: Irradiation induces p21 mRNA expression in a strictly p53-dependent manner and may only enhance the expression of a limited number of genes in glioma cells. We conclude that the identification of radio-inducible genomic sequences suitable for radio-gene therapy may turn out to be difficult.

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21↗
PubMed1975

Turnover of plasma oleic acid measured by radio-gas chromatography.

Gas-liquid chromatography with radioactivity detection (Radio-GLC) was investigated as an analytical means of determining the fractional turnover rates of plasma free fatty acids. For this purpose normal dogs were infused with 1.838 muCi/min of [1-14C]oleic acid complexed with albumin and plasma samples were taken at 0 to 110 minutes. The plasma free fatty acids were isolated by a modified Dole extraction and the methyl esters, prepared by diazomethylation, were identified and quantitated by GLC and radio-GLC using radioactive methyl heptadecanoate as internal standard. The study demonstrates that physiologically feasible infusion rates and loads of radioactive acids can be found which permit accurate analyses of plasma free fatty acids by radio-GLC. During a 2-hour infusion no labeled acid other than oleic appeared in plasma indicating that the method could be used to study the turnover of a mixture of fatty acids simultaneously. These results also indicate that conventional methods of determination of radioactivity in purified extracts can be employed without concern for recycling of label among the fatty acids, at least over short periods of time. The radio-GLC technique described yields approximately 20% higher fractional turnover times for oleic acid than do standard methods.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Preliminary experience in radionuclide therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma using hepatic intra-arterial radio-conjugates.

INTRODUCTION: In a minority of the cases, resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is potentially curative but local recurrence is common. Adjuvant intra-arterial radio-conjugate therapy could potentially reduce the rate of local recurrence and increase disease-free and overall survival. However, in the majority of cases, treatment of HCC is largely palliative. A wide range of palliative treatment options are available and these include external radiation, hepatic intra-arterial chemo-embolisation, systemic chemotherapy and percutaneous ethanol injection. The long-term survival rate is poor. Hepatic intra-arterial radio-conjugate therapy provides a new and promising means of palliation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We share our initial experience in the treatment of patients with HCC. A total of 32 patients were recruited between October 1999 and June 2001. Group 1 comprised 15 patients who had potentially curative resection of HCC who were treated with Iodine-131 (I131) lipiodol as a form of adjuvant therapy. Group 2 comprised 17 patients with unresectable HCC, 12 of whom were treated with Yttrium-90 (Y90) microspheres and 5 with Rhenium-188 (Re188) lipiodol. The radio-conjugates were administered via the intra-arterial route. RESULTS: Thirteen of the 15 patients in group 1 who were treated with I131 lipiodol following curative resection of HCC were free of disease, 1 patient died and 1 patient who developed recurrence was retreated with Re188 lipiodol and was subsequently free of disease. The 6-month disease-free survival rate was 100% and the 12-month disease-free and overall survival rates were 72% and 85%, respectively. Of the 12 patients in group 2 who were treated with Y90 microspheres for unresectable HCC, 6 had stable disease, 2 showed tumour regression and 4 died. The 6-month and 12-month survival rates were 75% and 66%, respectively. Of the 5 patients in group 2 who were treated with Re188 lipiodol for unresectable HCC, 4 had stable disease and 1 had regression of the right lobe tumour but progression of the left lobe tumour. CONCLUSION: Our results in the adjuvant treatment of patients with I131 lipiodol following curative resection of early HCC and in the palliative treatment of unresectable HCC using Y90 microspheres and Re188 lipiodol are preliminary and not fully conclusive. These preliminary results have to be confirmed in larger groups of patients and by prospective, randomised, controlled trials. This study highlights the preliminary experience in radionuclide therapy of HCC using hepatic intra-arterial radio-conjugates in a local context.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1992

[Distal radio-ulnar joint. Traumatic and degenerative diseases].

The distal radio-ulnar joint participates in the biomechanics of the wrist both by transmission of carpal stresses and by its role in the mobility of the wrist. Fractures of the distal radio-ulnar joint are often missed as they are frequently only a radiation of fractures of the radius to the distal radio-ulnar joint. Computed tomography is the most useful examination to assess the severity of these lesions. Distal radio-ulnar dislocations may also be associated with fractures of the radius, but usually occur in isolation. The diagnosis is difficult, as the slightest rotation on plain X-rays interferes with the evaluation criteria. A CT scan in the neutral position and in pronation and supination is the examination of choice for dislocations and subluxations, but must be interpreted according to strict criteria. In contrast, a tea of the triangular ligament can only be assessed on arthrography and the distinction between traumatic and degenerative rupture is difficult. The patient's age, the site of the perforation and the length of the ulna are important elements in the diagnostic decision. MRI appears to be a promising examination for investigation of this joint, but the quality of the images is not yet perfectly reproducible.

Arthrography↗
PubMed1979

[Arthrosis of the distal radio-ulnar joint in workers using motorised saws (author's transl)].

Vibration-induced changes in the distal radio-ulnar joint were analysed by comparing workers using motorised saws (978 cases) and a control group. The following are the essential findings: 1. Exposure to vibration causes characteristic changes in the distal radio-ulnar joint, particularly on the left, consisting of osteophytosis, deformity and cystic rarefaction. 2. The frequency of the arthrosis is related in a statistically significant manner to a) length of exposure, b) age. 3. The subjective complaints of numbness, weakness and pain can, to some extent, be related to the radio-ulnar arthrosis. 4. Vibration is not the only factor in the genesis of the degenerative process of the distal radio-ulnar joint; ordinary use and stress can cause similar changes, although to a much less marked extent. The aetiological role of local vibration as a factor in causing the arthrosis has been confirmed.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Radio-immunotherapy for B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma].

Radio-immunotherapy is a new treatment modality for patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. In radio-immunotherapy, a therapeutic radionuclide is coupled to a monoclonal antibody directed against a tumour-specific or tumour-associated antigen. Biodistribution studies and dosimetry are used in the planning of radio-immunotherapy. Clinical studies, notably in patients with indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma, have demonstrated the clinical feasibility and efficacy of this treatment. The use of a high dose ofradio-immunotherapy in combination with (high-dose) chemotherapy and peripheral stem-cell transplantation constitutes a supplemental treatment for patients who respond insufficiently or not at all to standard therapy. The exact place of radio-immunotherapy in the treatment of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphomas is not yet clear.

Chemotherapy, Adjuvant↗
PubMed2006

Role of p16 and p14ARF in radio- and chemosensitivity of malignant gliomas.

In addition to cytoreductive surgery, most patients with malignant gliomas also undergo radio- and chemotherapy. An improved understanding of the molecular genetic mechanisms underlying the radio- and chemosensitivity of gliomas may help to identify glioma patients who will benefit from aggressive and, therefore, potentially toxic adjuvant treatment. It may also allow for the development of new therapies aimed at improving the response of these tumors towards chemo- and radiotherapy. The INK4a gene products, p16 and p14ARF, have been suggested as potential regulators of glioma chemo- and radiosensitivity. We have used tetracycline controlled expression of p16 and plasmid-based p14ARF expression to study the chemo- and radiosensitivity of glioma cell lines. Ectopic p16 sensitized U-87MG cells towards treatment with vincristine and possibly also BCNU by approximately 1.5 to 2-fold, and towards ionizing radiation by a factor of 1.5. p14ARF expression was found to render U-87MG cells 2-fold more radioresistant than controls. These findings support a role for p16 and p14ARF as modulators of the radio-and chemosensitivity of gliomas. Further studies of the role of cell cycle regulators in glioma chemo- and radio-sensitivity seem warranted. We would like to point out that such candidate genes which may code for potent growth suppressors (like p16) or even toxic gene products can be successfully investigated using the approach detailed in this manuscript.

Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating↗
PubMed1989

Quantitation of apoB-48 and apoB-100 by gel scanning or radio-iodination.

In this presentation, we have validated two procedures for the separation and quantitation of apoB-48 and apoB-100 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE): 1) gamma counting of radio-iodinated lipoproteins and 2) scanning of stained gels. Total apoB in SDS solutions was determined by absorbance at 220 nm, and validated by amino acid analysis. The absorbance at 220 nm, in contrast to the Lowry procedure, could be used with BSA as a standard without correction factors. At relative apoB-48 concentrations higher than 10% of total apoB, both scanning and radio-iodination gave reliable results. At lower relative apoB-48 concentrations, the radio-iodine method appeared to be superior, but at low total apoB concentrations, the efficiency of radio-iodination was low.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1980

[The importance of second-look surgery following radio-chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer (author's transl)].

Fifteen patients with advanced, initially inoperable ovarian cancer (stages III and IV) were subjected to second-look surgery between May 1976 and August 1979 following combined radio-chemotherapy. Each case had shown a distinct reduction in tumour size and a demarcation of the foreign tissue, which is considered to be prerequisite for second-look surgery. The diagnostic goal of the operation was to verify the success of the preceding radio-chemotherapeutic treatment by means of exact determination of the extent of the residual tumour. The subsequent therapeutic regimen can, if necessary, be modified accordingly. The therapeutic goal is complete surgical removal of the tumour, if at all possible, since the success of subsequent chemotherapy is dependent on the achievement of this aim. The mean interval between initial and second-look surgery was three and a half months. Tumour tissue of varying extent was found in 14 out of 15 cases. In 12 cases total extirpation of the internal genitals was successfully carried out, tumour resection was performed twice, and only one case proved inoperable. The case in question was one of third-look surgery, when after two years of radio-chemotherapy and secondary removal of the internal genitals abdominal tumour recurrence occurred. Two years and six months after initial diagnosis this patient is now undergoing further chemotherapeutic treatment. We believe that this very case illustrates the importance of second-look surgery and of consistent continuation with radio-chemotherapy in cases of advanced inoperable ovarian cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Dynamic radio-ulnar convergence after the Darrach procedure.

We reviewed 23 patients who had had 25 Darrach procedures for traumatic or post-traumatic disorders of the wrist at a mean follow-up of 75.5 months (36 to 121). The mean age at the time of operation was 61.1 years (34 to 82). All patients were reviewed in person. Assessment included a history, a questionnaire on patient satisfaction and a detailed physical examination. Standardised radiographs of both wrists were taken with the patient's hands in a resting position and during maximal grip. Convergence of the distal ulnar stump towards the distal radius during maximal grip (dynamic radio-ulnar convergence) was seen in 14 wrists including five with actual contact (dynamic radio-ulnar impingement), but this produced symptoms in only two cases. The presence of dynamic radio-ulnar convergence did not correlate with grip strength, pinch strength, range of movement or wrist score, but was associated with increased length of excision of the distal ulna. Nineteen of the 23 patients were satisfied with the procedure. Dynamic radio-ulnar convergence is common after the Darrach procedure, but is rarely symptomatic; resection of the distal ulna remains a reliable procedure in the older patient with pain and loss of movement. Excision of the lower end of the ulna should be restricted to the least required to restore full rotation.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1997

Radio frequency radiation (RFR): the nature of exposure and carcinogenic potential.

Epidemiologic evidence on the relation between radio-frequency radiation (RFR) and cancer is reviewed. Radio-wave communications are used extensively in modern society; thus, we are all subject to RFR created by radio, television, wireless telephony, emergency communications, radar, etc. Interest in the health effects of RFR has been motivated by the rapid growth in wireless communications and by media reports expressing concern that specific diseases may be caused by RFR exposure, e.g., from cellular telephone handsets. Due to the ubiquitous presence of RFR, the public health implication of any connection between RFR and cancer risk is potentially significant. (It is important to keep RFR distinct from power-line electromagnetic fields.) Comparison of potential risks from RFR exposure with other occupational and environmental health risks requires evaluating the level of support from available epidemiology, from studies with laboratory animals, and from mechanistic or biophysical information about the interaction of RFR with living tissues. A large number of studies have been done with laboratory animals and with in vitro systems; a more limited set of epidemiologic studies is available. Effects from RFR exposure that lead to temperature increases have been consistently reported, but 'non-thermal' effects have not been substantiated. Also, there are no mechanistic theories that support 'non-thermal' interactions with biology. Evidence to support a causal relationship between exposure to RFR and human cancers is scant. Our present state of knowledge about exposure, mechanisms, epidemiology, and animal studies does not identify significant cancer risks.

Animals↗
PubMed1969

Inhibition of a demand pacemaker and interference with monitoring equipment by radio-frequency transmissions.

During the initial testing of Radio Leicester a swept-frequency technique for testing radio antennae was shown to affect demand pacemakers by inhibition of the pacing impulse and to interfere with physiological monitoring equipment. Adequate filtering of demand pacemakers is necessary to eliminate this interference. There is no evidence that such testing has any effect on the function of fixed-rate pacemakers. There is also a potential danger to implanted demand pacemakers by the use of similar polyscope generators used for servicing radio and television apparatus in industry.

Electrocardiography↗
PubMed2001

[Exposure to VHF and UHF electromagnetic fields among workers employed in radio and TV broadcast centers. I. Assessment of exposure].

Nowadays, radio and television have become one of the areas of the human technical activity that develops most rapidly. Also ultra-short waves of VHF (30-300 MHz) and UHF (0.3-3 GHz) bands have proved to be the most important carriers of radio and TV-programs. In Poland, a network of radio and TV broadcast centers (RTCN) with high (over 200 m) masts was set up in the 1960s and 1970s. These centers concentrate the majority of stations broadcasting national and local programs (for areas within the RTCN range). At present, the RTCN established several decades ago are equally important. The assessment of the exposure to electromagnetic fields among workers of multi-program broadcast stations is complicated and feasible only to a certain degree of approximation because of changing conditions of exposure in individual stations during their long history, resulting from the changing numbers and types of transmitters installed. In this work, the method of retrospective estimation of exposure dose is described, and the results of the assessment carried out at three kinds of typical RTCN are discussed. The results of the analysis indicate that the workers of RTCN are exposed primarily to electromagnetic fields of VHF and UHF bands, but this exposure may be considered as admissible, hence it should not exert an adverse effect on the workers' health.

Electromagnetic Fields↗
PubMed2002

Radio-frequency energy delivery to the anal canal for the treatment of fecal incontinence.

PURPOSE: In this prospective study we investigated the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of radio-frequency energy delivery deep to the mucosa of the anal canal for the treatment of fecal incontinence. METHODS: We studied ten patients with fecal incontinence of varying causes. All patients underwent anoscopy, anorectal manometry, endorectal ultrasound, and pudendal nerve terminal motor latency testing at baseline and six months. The Cleveland Clinic Florida scale for fecal incontinence (Wexner, 0-20), fecal incontinence-related quality of life score, and Short Form 36 were administered at baseline, 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months. Using conscious sedation and local anesthesia, we delivered temperature-controlled radio-frequency energy via an anoscopic device with multiple needle electrodes to create thermal lesions deep to the mucosa of the anal canal. RESULTS: Ten females (age, 55.9 +/- 9.2 years; range, 44-74) were enrolled and treated. Median discomfort by visual analog scale (0-10) was 3.8 during and 0.9 two hours after the procedure. Bleeding occurred in four patients (14-21 days after procedure), spontaneous resolution (n = 3) and anoscopic suture ligation (n = 1). At 12 months, the median Wexner score improved from 13.5 to 5 (P < 0.001), with 80 percent of patients considered responders. All parameters in the fecal incontinence-related quality of life were improved (lifestyle (from 2.3 to 3.4), coping (from 1.4 to 2.7), depression (from 2.2 to 3.5), and embarrassment (from 1.3 to 2.8); P < 0.05 for all parameters). Protective pad use was eliminated in five of the seven baseline users. At six months, there was a significant reduction in both initial and maximum tolerable rectal distention volumes. Anoscopy was normal at six months. CONCLUSION: Radio-frequency energy delivery to the anal canal for treatment of fecal incontinence is a new modality that, in this study group, safely improved Wexner and fecal incontinence-related quality of life scores, eliminated protective pad use in most patients, and improved patient quality of life.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Radio and microwave radiation and experimental atherosclerosis.

The effect of radio and microwave radiation on dietary atherosclerosis of rabbits was tested. 16 New Zealand white rabbits were exposed to microwave (2.45 GHz) radiation at a power density of 20--30 mW/cm2 for 4 h a day, 5 days a week for 8 to 10 weeks. Irradiated animals had serum cholesterol concentrations, aortic wall cholesterol concentrations and percentage of intimal surface involved in atherosclerotic lesions which were not different from age and weight matched controls. Continuous radio frequency irradiation (1 MHz) for 8 to 11 weeks with a field strength of 30 V/cm also failed to change these indices of atherogenesis. We conclude that under the conditions of these experiments radio and microwave irradiation do not affect the course of diet induced atherogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

The effects of a specific speech and language training program on students of a radio announcing course.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether individuals show differences in speech and voice during reading of the same news before and after attending a radio announcing course. Twenty-five students of a Radio Announcing Course in Sao Paulo city, 17 men and 8 women, aged 19 to 55 years, participated in this study. The readings were recorded in a professional audio studio, and the speech samples were submitted to perceptual and acoustic analysis. For the perceptual analysis, the samples were randomly presented in pairs and five trained speech pathologists identified each recording as pre- and posttraining, and also justified their choices by indicating what parameters better based their judgment: type of voice, articulation and pronunciation, loudness, pitch, resonance, speech rate, respiratory coordination, and use of emphasis. The acoustic parameters analyzed were mean, minimum, and maximum fundamental frequency, frequency range, text duration, and pause duration. The perceptual analysis showed that the posttraining speech samples were considered the best productions in 80% of the evaluations. Emphasis characterized the readings (70.4%), followed by type of voice (44.8%) and pitch (40.8%). Acoustic analysis showed higher mean fundamental frequency and increase of frequency range posttraining. These results indicated richer modulation in the posttraining readings. There are differences in the readings of the same news pre- and posttraining in a radio announcing course, and the posttraining reading was considered the best production, indicating the positive effect of the training.

Adult↗