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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Experience with detoxification and weaning of heroin addicts by means of acupuncture, gabergic drugs and psychopharmacologic agents in low doses].

UNLABELLED: Presents extensive reports of detoxification and habit loosing trials in 9 male heroine addicts, 19-26 yr. The therapeutic programs were centered on gabergic drugs, low doses tricyclic antidepressants and benzodiazepines, and acupuncture (main points: 8 GB; nasal GB; 1 GB; 3 L; 4 LI; 36 S; 7 H; auricular Shen men) and were continued weekly at the Mental Health Outpatients Service, after discharge from the hospital. RESULTS: 2 Ss, personally checked, abstinent 6 months after their discharge; 4 Ss heard as abstinent and 3 Ss relapsed. Technique, course and times of the therapeutic program seem to be one of the key factors for success.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1986

[New aspects of the neurophysiological mechanism of the action of nootropic preparations].

The influence of nootropic drugs on EEG spectral power of the cortex and hippocamp was studied in resting rats. All these drugs had a specific action on EEG spectral power, causing an increase and stabilization of maximum basic distribution peak of the EEG spectral power. Such action may be attributed to better organization of rhythmic activity in theta-range. The drugs also decreased interhemispheric asymmetry of the cortical and hippocampal EEG. The authors suggest that the increase and improvement of the basic rhythmic activity in the brain and an increased level of distant (spatial) synchronization form the basis for the nootropic drug effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Accelerated remission of the alcoholic organic brain syndrome with EMD 21657. Double-blind clinical and psychometric trials.

The efficacy of EMD 21657--a derivative of a pyritinol metabolite--on the alcoholic orangic brain syndrome (OBS)) was investigated in a double-blind placebo-controlled study. 19 patients received 3X300 mg EMD, 21 patients 3X1 dragée placebo throughout 6 weeks. The two groups did not differ as to age, sex, weight, height, alcohol anamnesis and IQ. Investigations were carried out before and at the end of the 2nd, 4th and 6th weeks of drug treatment. While an overall evaluation by doctor and patient at the end of the therapy did not reveal any signficant differences, it was found by means of the global score and OBS score that the OBS improved under both substances, but significantly more so with EMD. Psychometric analysis demonstrated that EMD was superior to placebo in regard to general, associative and numeric memory, concentration and attention variability, psychomotor activity, affect and mood, while the Benton test and attention showed opposite findings. Side effects were observed more under EMD than placebo therapy and consisted of temporary headaches and dizziness. Our findings demonstrated that EMD 21657 has pronounced nootropic and some thymotropic effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effects of nootropic drugs on the sleep-waking pattern of the rat.

The effect of nootropic drugs on sleep-walking pattern was investigated in adult male Wistar rats. Continuous polygraphic sleep recording was made 8 h per day between 8.00 a.m. and 4.00 p.m. Piracetam (100 mg/kg), meclofenoxate (100 mg/kg), pyritinol (100 mg/kg), or methylglucamine orotate (225 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally immediately before the onset of recording. The substance effects were compared to pre-drug and post-drug NaC1 control days. The paradoxical sleep (PS) latency was prolonged by pyritinol and methylglucamine orotate. The percentage of PS was decreased by pyritinol and methylglucamine orotate, but increased by piracetam. Pyritinol and methylglucamine orotate decreased the number of PS episodes, whereas piracetam increased the mean duration of PS episodes. Meclofenoxate had no significant effects except for an increase in the number of very long PS episodes (5 min or more). Slow wave sleep and walking were affected only in the case of pyritinol. But also pyritinol, similar to piracetam and methylglucamine orotate, seems to have selective actions on PS as shown by the PS/total sleep ratio.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Specificity of the action of piracetam, encephabol and Cleregil on the transcallosal evoked potential].

The influence of some drugs having nootropic effect on transcallosal evoked potential was studied in the experiments on non-anesthetized rabbits. Pyracetam, pyritinol and cleregil have been established to increase the amplitude of transcallosal evoked potential. Each of these drugs was found to exert specific effects on this neurophysiological phenomenon. The authors suggest that transcallosal evoked potential can prove helpful in the detection of new drugs with possible nootropic effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Difference in learning and retention by albino-Swiss mice. Part 1. Effect of pyritinol.

A new and easy method to demonstrate different degrees of facility for learning and retention within the same strain of laboratory mice is described. According to this method, it is possible to divide the general population into given percentage of "good learners" and "poor learners". These two subpopulations react differently to the influence of several psychoactive drugs. In this study it is shown that pyritinol contributes to retention of the learned task in poor learners and has no effect on good learners.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Certain principles for differential utilization of metabolic treatment preparations in the complex therapy of mental disorders].

A study of 246 patients (with schizophrenia, manic depressive psychoses and psychoorganic syndrome) treated by some drugs of a metabolic action (encephalotropic", "nootropic" drugs, piracetam, piriditol and pantogam) permitted one to determine the place of these preparations in a comprehensive treatment of mental disorders. On the basis of clinical studies of the above-mentioned preparations, the conclusion is made about desirability (and in some cases about necessity) of including them into pharmacotherapy. During such studies certain traits of the clinical effect in each of these drugs was examined, permitting the comparative spectra of the pharmacological activity of piracetam, piriditol and pantogam to be determined. The clinical studies of these patients indicate the necessity of a differentiated use of the mentioned drugs having in view the state of the patient and detected clinical profile of the drugs.

Adolescent↗