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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Kidney disease in the rabbit: a histological survey.

Histological lesions were observed in the kidneys of 77 (32.5%) of 237 rabbits which were either found dead or were killed because they were unwell, and in 19 (25%) of 75 apparently healthy adult rabbits. Lesions associated with an infectious process such as renal abscesses, staphylococcal nephritis, pyelonephritis and pyelitis were the principal finding in rabbits up to 5 months of age, while renal fibrosis, with or without dystrophic calcification, was the most common lesion observed in rabbits aged over 10 months. Spontaneous amyloidosis was seen in 2 rabbits.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed2003

Meningoencephalitis associated with an unidentified apicomplexan protozoan in a Pacific harbor seal.

A Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardsii) was found on the central California coast with neurologic signs and labored breathing, which were unresponsive to treatment. Necropsy revealed a nonsuppurative necrotizing meningoencephalitis, a multilocular thymic cyst, and nonsuppurative cystitis and renal pyelitis. Microscopic examination revealed protozoans in the brain, thymic cyst, and bladder mucosa. Ultrastructurally, the protozoal tachyzoites were different from those of Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii, and Sarcocystis neurona; the rhoptries were small and had electron-dense contents, and the organism divided by endodyogeny. Specific antibodies were not detected in serum using agglutination (N. caninum, T. gondii) and immunoblot assays (S. neurona). Immunohistochemistry for these organisms was negative. Polymerase chain reaction on brain tissue using specific primers did not amplify T. gondii deoxyribonucleic acid. The meningoencephalitis in this seal thus appears to have been caused by a novel protozoan.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1984

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: sonographic--pathologic correlation of 16 cases.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is an uncommon renal inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction and replacement of normal parenchyma by sheets of lipid-laden histiocytes. The process may be diffuse or segmental. Sonograms of 16 cases of XGP (13 diffuse, three segmental) were retrospectively reviewed and correlated with their pathologic findings. The typical case of diffuse XGP demonstrates the following: renal enlargement, replacement of normal architecture by multiple fluid-filled masses, pelvic contraction or only moderate separation of the central echo complex, and a pelvic calculus. Although most cases have a large staghorn calculus, its sonographic demonstration may be difficult, perhaps as a consequence of peripelvic fibrosis. Atypical cases of diffuse XGP mimic pyelonephrosis with massive hydronephrosis and fluid--debris levels. In these atypical cases, a staghorn calculus is often conspicuously absent. Segmental XGP is recognized as an area of parenchymal destruction surrounding one calyx or one pole of duplication. Segmental XGP should be distinguished from focal xanthogranulomatous inflammation of the kidney, which is a distinct pathologic entity (cortical location, no pelvic communication, absent pyelitis). When typical gross pathologic features are present, sonography should make possible accurate identification of diffuse and segmental XGP.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nephritis and cerebellar ataxia: rare presenting features of enteric fever.

Enteric fever is a common infectious disease of the tropical world, about 80% of these cases occur in Asian countries. Enteric fever presenting with isolated cerebellar ataxia or nephritis is rare. We report three cases of enteric fever that presented with these complications. Isolated cerebellar ataxia usually occurs in the second week, whereas in our cases it presented within first four days of fever. The common complications of enteric fever related to the urinary tract are cystitis, pyelitis, and pyelonephritis. Glomerulonephritis is uncommon. Most patients with enteric glomerulonephritis present with acute renal failure, hypertensive encephalopathy, or nephritic syndrome. In comparison, our case had milder manifestations. All three patients were treated with parenteral ceftriaxone and showed a prompt recovery.

Ceftriaxone↗
PubMed2003

[Management of the emphysematous pyelonephritis].

We report two cases of emphysematous pyelonephritis in diabetic patients. The first suffered from emphysematous pyelonephritis and emergency nephrectomy was performed. The second patient suffered from emphysematous pyelitis and was successfully treated by nephrostomy. We present a comprehensive review of the literature on emphysematous pyelonephritis and discuss the indications and the results of treatments of this rare and severe infection.

Emphysema↗
PubMed1992

[Percutaneous drainage in renal emphysema. Clinical case].

Renal emphysema is a rare and severe infection, that constitutes two clinical entities: emphysematous pyelonephritis and emphysematous pyelitis. We report a case in which the gas is localized both in the collecting system and in the parenchyma of the kidney. In our experience the percutaneous renal drainage has revealed to be able to dominate the infection but not to preserve renal function.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Emphysematous pyelonephritis: a consequence of adenocarcinoma of urinary bladder in a nondiabetic patient.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EP) is a life threatening condition of acute necrotising renal parenchymal infection that encompasses a much wider spectrum of complicated urinary tract infections such as renal abscesses, emphysematous pyelitis, pyelonephritis, acute renal papillary necrosis, and sepsis. We report an unusual case of adenocarcinoma bladder in a middle aged nondiabetic patient, presenting with EP. Emphysematous pyelonephritis was the initial symptom in this case with an underlying carcinoma of the bladder. The role of imaging is prime in management of such cases, if an early diagnosis is to be made and a potentially devastating outcome is to be avoided. The literature regarding EP has been reviewed and discussed. The goals of managing EP should be (1) early institution of parenteral antibiotics and a (2) a staged nephrectomy (preceded by a temporary percutaneous drainage particularly with antibiotic resistant septicemia) so as to maximize survival rather than proceeding directly to emergency nephrectomy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2006

[Retroperitoneal laparoscopic pyeloplasty: retrospective study of 45 consecutive adult cases].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgical repair of ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 45 consecutive Küss-Anderson-Hynes laparoscopic pyeloplasties performed over a 4-year period (December 1998-November 2002) in adults (26 women, 19 men) with a mean age of 44.8 years (range: 16-83 years). RESULTS: The mean operating time was 138 minutes (range: 75-250 minutes). Open conversion was necessary in 3 cases: necrotic pyelitis, ectopic renal artery, posterior pelvic tear. The mean hospital stay was 6.1 days. With a mean follow-up of 19 months (range: 3-58 months), the clinical success rate was 97.6% and the success rate on IVU or scintigraphy was 83.3%. CONCLUSION: This series confirms that laparoscopic pyeloplasty is a minimally invasive technique that gives better results than those of the various endopyelotomy techniques and equivalent results to those of open pyeloplasty with decreased morbidity.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hemolytic properties of Escherichia coli strains isolated from cases of urinary tract infection and enteropathy].

Different strains of E. coli, that were isolated during years 1986-1990 from 217 urine samples in patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria, cystitis, cysto-pyelitis and pyelonephritis, appeared to be more frequently haemolytic (34.5%) than strains of E. coli isolated from faecal samples in patients with acute enteropathy. It was confirmed that the haemolysin production occurs during log -phase of bacterial growth. The degree of haemolysis can vary widely according to the strain involved. Agglutination tests, using 53 O-antiserum, showed a great variety of serogroups. Some of them (04, 018, 022) are prevalent among the haemolytic strains isolated from urine; some others (055, 0111, 075) are prevalent among the anhaemolytic strains isolated from urine and faeces.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1991

Upper urinary tract infection: the current role of CT, ultrasound, and MRI.

This article reviewed some of the fundamental concepts in renal inflammatory disease. The difficulties in present terminology were reviewed and our approach discussed. The pathological underpinning of the acute-subacute infections were contrasted with those seen in the granulomatous diseases. The importance of CT in separating emphysematous pyelonephritis from emphysematous pyelitis and perinephric emphysema was stressed. Although ultrasound has been used in the past and is still of value in select situations, we prefer CT for assessment of renal infection. CT examinations show whether the disease is focal or diffuse, whether air is present, whether there is perinephric or pararenal extension, whether an abscess is present, and when the ideal time is for intervention. In severe renal infection in the adult, CT has shown the development of renal scars, perinephric extension, and the spontaneous drainage of Staphylococcus abscesses into nearby calyces.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1990

[Corynebacterium suis infections in swine. 2. Morphological findings in the urinary tract with special reference to the bladder].

Morphological investigations of the urethra, urinary bladder (2 localizations), ureter, renal pelvis and kidneys were performed in sows with Corynebacterium suis infection. The first stages of the disease were characterized by changes of the transitional epithelium in the bladder where epithelial vacuolisation, goblet cell differentiation, leucocytic infiltrations, and haemorrhages occurred. In chronically affected animals different stages of a mucopurulent, partly erosive to ulcerative cystitis were observed. Furthermore, chronic cystitis was characterized by polypoid mucosal proliferation and bacterial accumulations. Ureter and urethra showed signs of a mild purulent inflammation. In the renal pelvis there was a severe fibrinopurulent and necrotizing pyelitis which was accompanied by bacterial invasions. The parts of the renal pelvis without desquamation of the transitional epithelium undergo mucoid degenerations. The final stage of the disease is characterized by severe fibrosing chronic interstitial nephritis leading to death of the animals due to uraemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Chronic urinary tract infection in dogs: induction by inoculation with bacteria via percutaneous nephropyelostomy.

Dogs were inoculated via percutaneous nephropyelostomy with bacteria isolated from canine patients with urinary tract infections (4 dogs were inoculated with Escherichia coli, 2 were inoculated with Proteus mirabilis, and 1 was inoculated with coagulase-positive staphylococci). At approximately monthly intervals after bacterial inoculation, bladder urine specimens were collected via antepubic cystocentesis, and renal pelvic urine specimens were collected via percutaneous nephropyelocentesis. Dogs were euthanatized between 89 and 294 days after bacterial inoculation. Extensive microscopic examination was conducted on the urinary tract of each dog. The dogs did not develop any of the common clinical signs of urinary tract infections (ie, increased frequency of urination, fever, craniodorsal abdominal [renal] pain, or malaise). Inflammation in the lower urinary tract of the dogs was more severe than that in the kidneys. Although pyelitis was present, extension into the outer medulla and renal cortex seemed to be confined to nephropyelostomy tracts. The most severe bladder lesion was found in the dog that developed cystic calculi after inoculation with coagulase-positive staphylococci.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Ureterocolonic anastomosis in clinically normal dogs.

Ureterocolonic anastomosis was evaluated in 13 clinically normal dogs. Urinary continence was maintained after surgery, and the procedure was completed without technique errors in all but 2 dogs. Three dogs died within 5 weeks (2 of undetermined causes and 1 of aspiration pneumonia and neurologic disease), and 1 dog was euthanatized 4 months after surgery because of neurologic signs. Two healthy dogs were euthanatized 3 months after surgery for light microscopic evaluation of their kidneys. Five dogs were euthanatized 6 months after surgery for light microscopic evaluation of their kidneys. Gastrointestinal and neurologic disturbances developed in 4 dogs at various postoperative intervals. Plasma ammonia concentration measured in 2 dogs with neurologic signs was increased. Plasma ammonia concentration measured in 5 dogs without neurologic signs was within normal limits. All 5 dogs, in which metabolic acidosis was diagnosed, had high normal or above normal serum chloride concentration. Serum urea nitrogen values were increased after surgery because of colonic absorption of urea. Serum creatinine concentration was increased in 1 dog 6 months after surgery. Individual kidney glomerular filtration rate was reduced in 38% (3/8) of the kidneys from 4 other dogs at 6 months after surgery. Of 5 dogs euthanatized at 3 to 4 months after surgery, 4 had bilateral pyelitis, and 1 had unilateral pyelonephritis. Six months after surgery, pyelonephritis was diagnosed in 40% (4/10) of the kidneys from 5 dogs. The ureterocolonic anastomosis procedure is a salvage procedure that should allow complete cystectomy. However, variable degrees of metabolic acidosis, hyperammonemia, and neurologic disease may result.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1987

[Clinical study of carumonam].

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of carumonam (CRMN, AMA-1080), the drug was used in the treatment of 10 patients including 4 with pneumonia and each with acute tonsillitis, chronic bronchitis, Mycoplasma pneumonia, primary atypical pneumonia (PAP), chronic pyelitis, and acute cystitis. Since beta-lactam antibiotics were not active against Mycoplasma pneumonia and PAP, these diseases were excluded from the clinical efficacy evaluation of CRMN. Responses were excellent in 1 patient and good in 7. Side effects were not observed. The laboratory test recognized slight elevations of GOT, GPT and eosinophilia in 1 patient and a slight leucopenia in another upon the administration of CRMN.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Clinical evaluation of cefmenoxime in internal medicine, with special reference to infection associated with hematological disorders].

Clinical evaluation of cefmenoxime (CMX, Bestcall) was performed against infections associated with hematological, respiratory tract and other disorders. Clinical effectiveness of CMX against severe infections with hematological disorders including sepsis, pneumonia, pyelitis and so on was 74.4% for good responses and against the respiratory tract infections, 96.2% for good responses was obtained. Neither objective or subjective side effects nor extreme abnormalities in laboratory tests were observed in these patients. It can be concluded, therefore, that CMX is one of the most useful drugs against infectious diseases associated with hematological disorders, respiratory tract and other disorders.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1987

[Pathomorphological picture of various internal organs of rats after long-term exposure to toxic substances in raw coke gas].

The authors carried out morphological evaluation of a long-term action of toxic substances at low concentrations (about 1 NDS), contained in raw coke oven gas, i.e. gases: CO, H2S, SO2, NH3 and benzene, as well as dusts containing: C, SiO2, Pb and Cd on the liver and kidneys of three-month old male rats of the Wistar strain. The animals were exposed to the above toxic substances in an experimental chamber for 24 hr, and for 8 hr every day during 12 and 18 months. It was found that pathogenic action of the substances contained in raw coke oven gas was not the total action of all chemical components, but their complicated resultant. Significant differences in the intensity of morphological changes in lungs were observed between rats exposed for 8 hr ans 24 hr/day, in favour of the former. Such a relationship was not observed between 12 and 18 month exposition. Besides the catarrh of the air passages and cellular-fibrous changes in pulmonary alveoli, focal metaplasia of cells of bronchial epithelium was observed, which suggested the possibility of carcinogenic action of coke oven gases and dusts. No distinct morphological differences were found in the liver and kidneys between 8 and 24 hr exposition, whereas great differences were found between 12 and 18 months exposition. Chronic interstitial pyelitis was observed in kidneys after 18 month exposition.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Trigonal-colonic anastomosis: a urinary diversion procedure in dogs.

Trigonal-colonic anastomosis for diversion of urine into the colon was performed in 12 clinically normal dogs and in 10 incontinent dogs with diseases of the urinary bladder or urethra. Dogs were studied from 1 to 30 months after surgery. The surgical procedure was technically satisfactory. Fifteen of 22 dogs were studied with intravenous urography, and only 1 case of hydronephrosis was found. Pyelitis was a common histopathologic finding in both groups of dogs. Pyelonephritis developed in 30% of dogs, regardless of duration of anastomosis. Glomerular filtration rate was reduced in all dogs studied, but renal failure was infrequent. Values for blood urea nitrogen and serum inorganic phosphorus were elevated due to intestinal recycling of nitrogenous products and phosphate. Electrolyte imbalances were not a problem, but gastrointestinal disturbances developed in 3 of the 10 diseased dogs. Six of 10 diseased dogs survived from 9 months to more than 3 years. Trigonal-colonic anastomosis appears to be a satisfactory salvage procedure for incontinent dogs with diseases of the urinary bladder or urethra that do not respond to other forms of therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1971

Microfilaruria in onchocerciasis. A clinical and epidemiological follow-up study in the Republic of Chad.

Microfilariae of O. volvulus were recovered from the urine of 11% of the residents of a village in the Republic of Chad where onchocerciasis was holoendemic. A follow-up study of the same population 3 years after the original investigation revealed that microfilaruria was still present and that living microfilariae of O. volvulus could be recovered from small urine samples obtained by high catherization of the ureters. Radiological changes consistent with chronic pyelitis were found in 4 out of 14 persons with microfilaruria who were examined by retrograde pyelography. The recovery of microfilariae in the urine was associated with the intensity of the infection, as determined by counts of microfilariae in skin snips and the number of onchocercomata. A systematic comparison for differences between onchocerciasis patients with and without microfilaruria revealed that the microfilaruria patients had a low weight: height ratio, deficient antibody responses in indirect haemagglutination tests with O. volvulus antigen, elevated serum aminotransferase levels, and reduced systolic blood pressure.

Adolescent↗