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Results for “Program Efficiency”

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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Risk assessment criteria applied to a screening exam: implications for improving the efficiency of a sealant program.

OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to determine the ability of first-grade screening exam findings to predict carious lesions in permanent first molars by fourth grade. The ability to identify high-risk children would be useful in the rational allocation of limited public health resources, such as the application of sealants. METHODS: Screening exams were performed on 204 children in 1st grade and 4th grade. Analyses were conducted at both the child- and molar- levels. Cross-tabulations were used to identify the threshold dmfs + DMFS in first grade that had the highest sensitivity and highest negative predictive value for discriminating between children with and without permanent caries (1) in the entire population and (2) in subpopulations defined by race/ethnicity, gender, and language spoken at home. This threshold then was entered into logistic regression models. RESULTS: On the child and molar level, the study determined that dmfs + DMFS > 0 had the highest sensitivity (child: 69.4%, molar: 74.7%) and negative predictive value (child: 87.8%, molar: 94.4%). Using this test criterion, univariate logistic regression of the child-level data revealed an odds ratio of 2.72 (p = 0.012) for presence of permanent tooth caries experience. Controlling for gender, grade, race/ethnicity, and language spoken at home, the odds ratio increased slightly to 2.76 (p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS: There is a relationship between carious lesion experience in 1st grade and carious lesion incidence in the first permanent molars by 4th grade. Using the dmfs + DMFS > 0 criterion may help public health providers determine which children should receive sealants when resources do not allow the delivery of sealants to all children.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1997

Probabilistic incremental program evolution

Probabilistic incremental program evolution (PIPE) is a novel technique for automatic program synthesis. We combine probability vector coding of program instructions, population-based incremental learning, and tree-coded programs like those used in some variants of genetic programming (GP). PIPE iteratively generates successive populations of functional programs according to an adaptive probability distribution over all possible programs. Each iteration, it uses the best program to refine the distribution. Thus, it stochastically generates better and better programs. Since distribution refinements depend only on the best program of the current population, PIPE can evaluate program populations efficiently when the goal is to discover a program with minimal runtime. We compare PIPE to GP on a function regression problem and the 6-bit parity problem. We also use PIPE to solve tasks in partially observable mazes, where the best programs have minimal runtime.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism in Hessen, Germany: efficiency of the screening program and school achievement of 129 children at an age of 8-12 years.

Status and school achievement of 129 children born in Hessen between 1988 and 1992 and notified by a repeatedly elevated concentration of TSH in neonatal screening were evaluated. Interviews of mothers, teachers and pediatricians were used to score the development and educational achievements, respectively. A total of 298,175 newborns were screened and the incidence of permanent congenital hypothyroidism (PCH) was 1: 3,313 (n = 90). The female/male ratio was 1.37:1. In the 69 PCH cases with complete data, athyreosis (52%), hypoplasia (32%), dyshormogenesis (9%) and ectopia (7%) were identified as etiologies. The mean age at start of therapy decreases from day 15 in 1988 to day 9 in 1992; however, 27% of PCH children showed reduced psychomotor development as scored by their pediatrician and 11% attended a special school for educationally subnormal children. Approximately 25% of the children had lower educational achievements irrespective of the school type. Our finding of a relatively high percentage of PCH children with subnormal development points to a failure in disease management. A follow-up program including repeated serum TSH monitoring and yearly examinations by pediatric endocrinologists and supervision by the regional screening center is necessary to ensure the long-term efficacy of neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism.

Child↗
PubMed1999

Use of a computer software program for qualitative analyses--Part 1: Introduction to NUD.IST.

The NUD.IST (Non-numerical Unstructured Data Indexing, Searching, and Theorizing) program is recognized as one of the most efficient software programs for qualitative data analysis because it dramatically reduces the clerical tasks of cut and paste for coding and retrieval in text. However, little literature related to NUD.IST and its use in qualitative analysis is available to nurse researchers. Thus, the purposes of the first part of a two-part article are to describe the features of NUD.IST to nurse researchers and to present how NUD.IST was used in a qualitative study of dyspnea stimuli. In managing the qualitative data of dyspnea stimuli, NUD.IST 3.0 was effective in extracting, retrieving, and tracking text segments as well as identifying commonalties or patterns in data quickly.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1992

[Efficiency of a screening program for gestational diabetes].

From 1.1.1991-31.5.1989, we evaluated a selective screening system for detection of diabetes in pregnancy in an unselected consecutive population of 665 pregnant women. The screening procedure was carried out by the general practitioners and the midwives. The screening was based on clinical criteria for potential diabetes consisting of previous delivery of a large baby, a family history of diabetes and obesity combined with examination for glucosuria and determination of the fasting blood glucose concentration. Only 2% of the pregnant women were examined correctly and only two out of 665 women were found to have diabetes in pregnancy. The screening procedure failed when it was organised by general practitioners and midwives.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1987

[The componants of efficiency of community treatment programs for people with mental disorders.].

Community programmes are designed to help clients establish themselves permanently in the community to succeed, these programmes must include several treatment components each addressing a specific problem presented by the clients. These components include : drug therapy, an intervention to encourage clients to take medications as prescribed ; an intervention to train staff and clients to evaluate symptoms aetiology ; a stable relationship ; social skills training ; vocational training or an intervention which aims to help clients participate regularly in an activity of their choice ; stress innoculation ; problem solving ; an intervention to reduce the use of alcohol ; residences which will provide support to the clients.

English Abstract↗
PubMed1987

Management of obesity.

We live in an overweight society. Although food consumption has not increased dramatically over the last two decades, physical activity has markedly diminished. However, recent studies suggest that weights up to 20% above ideal body weight do not carry a significant risk of increased mortality in the absence of other chronic diseases. A team approach helps maintain patient motivation, the key to an effective weight-loss program. An efficient weight-loss and weight-maintenance program in the moderately obese patient includes modification of eating patterns, an individualized balanced fuel-source diet, and an exercise program to allow caloric deficit of approximately 500 calories a day. We must realize that for morbidly obese patients in whom the amount of caloric restriction necessary to reach and maintain a desirable body weight may be incompatible with a reasonable quality of life, surgery is warranted. The aggressiveness of our therapeutic regimen should always depend on the risk of morbidity and mortality associated with the patient's degree of obesity.

Appetite Depressants↗
PubMed2004

Pash: efficient genome-scale sequence anchoring by Positional Hashing.

Pash is a computer program for efficient, parallel, all-against-all comparison of very long DNA sequences. Pash implements Positional Hashing, a novel parallelizable method for sequence comparison based on k-mer representation of sequences. The Positional Hashing method breaks the comparison problem in a unique way that avoids the quadratic penalty encountered with other sensitive methods and confers inherent low-level parallelism. Furthermore, Positional Hashing allows one to readily and predictably trade between sensitivity and speed. In a simulated comparison task, anchoring computationally mutated reads onto a genome, the sensitivity of Pash was equal to or greater than that of BLAST and BLAT, with Pash outperforming these programs as the reads became shorter and less similar to the genome. Using modest computing resources, we employed Pash for two large-scale sequence comparison tasks: comparison of three mammalian genomes, and anchoring millions of chimpanzee whole-genome shotgun sequencing reads onto the human genome. The results of these comparisons by Pash agree with those computed by other methods that use more than an order of magnitude more computing resources. These results confirm the sensitivity of Positional Hashing.

Animals↗