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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Modulation of cellular phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate levels in primary macrophages affects heat-killed but not viable Mycobacterium avium's transport through the phagosome maturation process.

Most disease causing mycobacteria are intramacrophage pathogens which replicate within nonacidified phagosomes that can interact with the early endosomal network but fail to mature to a phagolysosome. The mycobacterial phagosome retain some proteins required for fusion with endocytic vesicles including Rab5 but lack others such as early endosomal autoantigen 1 (EEA1). As the membrane lipid phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns-3-P) is required for EEA1 membrane association and phagosome maturation, it may be a potential target of pathogenic mycobacteria. To test this hypothesis, macrophage cellular levels of PtdIns-3-P were altered by retroviral introduction of the type III Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (VPS34) and the PtdIns-3-P phosphatase myotubularin 1 (MTM1). By utilizing the PtdIns-3-P-specific probes FYVE and PX coupled to EGFP (EGFP-2-FYVE and EGFP-PX, respectively), the expression of PtdIns-3-P on the mycobacterial phagosome was addressed. All phagosomes containing viable Mycobacterium avium stained positive for EGFP-2-FYVE and EGFP-PX despite obvious differences in PtdIns-3-P concentrations in cells expressing MTM1 or VPS34. Altering PtdIns-3-P cellular concentrations did not affect trafficking of live bacilli. However, a significant increase in the transport of killed bacilli to a late endosomal/lysosomal compartment was observed in VPS34-compared to MTM1-transduced macrophages. Therefore, although overexpression of PdtIns-3-P in macrophages can facilitate phagosome maturation, its effect on phagosomes containing viable M. avium was negligible.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Does a waiting time for elective coronary angioplasty affect the primary success rate?

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of the waiting time for elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) on the primary success rate. SETTING: University hospital in The Netherlands. PATIENTS: A cohort of 817 consecutive patients awaiting elective PTCA. Scheduled PTCA was performed in all 817 patients, involving 1237 coronary lesions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The relation between procedural success and the duration of the waiting time was evaluated. Major cardiac events, that is, death and myocardial infarction while awaiting PTCA, were documented. Alterations in lesion characteristics during the waiting time were assessed in unsuccessful procedures. RESULTS: Elective PTCA was performed within one to six weeks after acceptance in 388 patients (587 lesions; 47.5%), between six and 12 weeks in 203 patients (308 lesions; 25%), and after more than 12 weeks in 226 patients (342 lesions; 27.5%). The procedural success rates in the defined time intervals were 97%, 99%, and 97% in ACC/AHA type A lesions, 93%, 87% and 90% in type B lesions, and 63%, 55% and 38% in type C lesions respectively; 96% of type C lesions were total coronary occlusions. There was a significant decrease in primary success rate in type C lesions after a waiting time beyond 12 weeks. A reasonable explanation for an unsuccessful angioplasty related to alterations in lesion characteristics during the waiting time was documented in only four of 115 procedures. CONCLUSIONS: The primary success in type A and B lesions is unaffected by the duration of a waiting period for elective PTCA. A waiting time of more than 12 weeks is associated with a lower success rate in patients with total coronary occlusions.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Factors affecting the primary stability of acetabular components. An in vitro study].

The aim of the present study was to investigate the micromotion under physiological loading of various acetabular components with and without screws, to determine the most suitable anchoring, cup design and optimal surface structure. Six acetabular components with varying cup geometry and surface configuration were implanted with a 2 mm press-fit into polyethylene pelves. In the first set of trials, the uncemented cups with two peripheral screws were tested under an axial load of 240 kg (2,354 N). The screws were then removed and the cups, held in place only by press fit, were tested again. None of the uncemented cups achieved the high initial stability of the cemented reference cups. It was not possible to determine an optimal cup design. In this study, titanium plasma-spray-coated cups achieved the best results. Stability is determined only in part by the configuration of the prosthesis. Of equal importance is the quality of the preparation of the cup bed. The use of screws cannot be unreservedly recommended. With a good press fit, the use of screws enhances stability only minimally.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed2003

Primary factors affecting the evaluation accuracy of animal model MBLUP.

Marker-assisted best linear unbiased prediction (MBLUP) is one important method of implementing marker-assisted selection (MAS). The computer stochastic simulation method was used to study the effects of heritability of trait, QTL variance and map distance between two adjacent markers on the evaluation accuracy of animal model MBLUP. With the higher heritability, the smaller QTL variance and the shorter map distance between two adjacent markers, the evaluation accuracy of animal model MBLUP would be increased. On the contrary, the evaluation accuracy of animal model MBLUP would be decreased when the heritability was lower, QTL variance was larger and map distance between two adjacent markers was longer.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Analysis on factors affecting net primary productivity distribution in Changbai Mountain based on process model for landscape scale].

Based on the data received from remote sensing images, the spatial distribution of annual net primary productivity (NPP) was simulated by the process model (EPPML), and the relationships between annual NPP and environmental conditions were analyzed. The results showed that NPP in 1995 was 0.680 kg C.m-2.yr.-1, mostly ranging from 0.105 to 1.241 kg C.m-2.yr.-1, accounting for 82.1%. The highest NPP (1.084 kg C.m-2.yr.-1) appears in mixed broad-leaved and Korean pine forest. Environmental conditions decide the main trend of the spatial distribution of annual NPP (Carbon) in Changbai Mountain. Soil water content had a negative correlativity with NPP, and the correlation coefficient (R) was -0.65. Therefore, water was sufficient for the growth of plants in Changbai Mountain. NPP was highly correlated with LAI (R = 0.81). When LAI was greater than 4-5 m2.m-2, NPP became saturated. NPP was also highly correlated with canopy transpiration (R = 0.77). The response of NPP on environmental conditions, LAI and canopy transpiration in Betula ermanii and broad-leaved forests were different from those in other vegetation.

Conservation of Natural Resources↗
PubMed2003

A systematic review of the effect of primary care-based service innovations on quality and patterns of referral to specialist secondary care.

BACKGROUND: Innovations are proliferating at the primary-secondary care interface, affecting referral to secondary care and resource use. Evidence about the range of effects and implications for the healthcare system of different types of innovation have not previously been summarised. AIM: To review the available evidence on initiatives affecting primary care referral to specialist secondary care. SETTING: Studies of primary-secondary care interface. METHOD: Systematic review of trials, using adapted Cochrane Collaboration (effective practice and organisation of care) criteria. Studies from 1980 to 2001 were identified from a wide range of sources. Strict inclusion criteria were applied, and relevant clinical, service and cost data extracted using an agreed protocol. The main outcome measures were referral rates to specialist secondary care. RESULTS: Of the 139 studies initially identified. 34 met the review criteria. An updated search added a further 10 studies. Two studies provided economic analysis only. Referral was not the primary outcome of interest in the majority of included studies. Professional interventions generally had an impact on referral rates consistent with the intended change in clinician behaviour. Similarly, specialist 'outreach' or other primary care-based specialist provider schemes had at least a small effect upon referral rates to secondary care with the direction of effect being that intended or rational from a clinical and sociological perspective. Of the financial interventions, one was aimed primarily at changing the numbers or proportion of referrals from primary to specialist secondary care, and the direction of change was as expected in all cases. The quality of the reporting of the economic components of the 14 studies giving economic data was poor in many cases. When grouped by intervention type, no overall pattern of change in referral costs or total costs emerged. CONCLUSION: The studies identified were extremely diverse in methodology, clinical subject, organisational form, and quality of evidence. The number of good quality evaluations of innovative schemes to enhance the existing capacity of primary care was small, but increasing. Well-evaluated service initiatives in this area should be supported. Organisational innovations in the structure of service provision need not increase total costs to the National Health Service (NHS), even though costs associated with referral may increase. This review provides limited, partial, and conditional support for current primary care-oriented NHS policy developments in the United Kingdom.

Family Practice↗