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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Analysis of periodic growth-disturbance models.

In this paper, I present and discuss a potentially useful modeling approach for investigating population dynamics in the presence of disturbance. Using the motivating example of wildfire, I construct and analyze a deterministic model of population dynamics with periodic disturbances independent of spatial effects. Plant population growth is coupled to fire disturbance to create a growth-disturbance model for a fluctuating population. Changes in the disturbance frequency are shown to generate a period-bubbling bifurcation structure and population dynamics that are most variable at intermediate disturbance frequencies. Similar dynamics are observed when the model is extended to include a seed bank. Some general conditions necessary for a rich bifurcation structure in growth-disturbance models are discussed.

Ecosystem↗
PubMed2003

Numerical and experimental analysis of periodic patterns and sedimentation of lysozyme.

This paper deals with experimental investigation, mathematical modelling and numerical simulation of the crystallization processes induced by counter diffusion method of a precipitant agent in a lysozyme protein solution. Novel mathematical strategies are introduced to simulate the experiments and in particular to take into account the kinetics of the growth process and the motion of the crystals due to the combined effect of gravitational force and viscous drag if the sedimenting process is allowed (protein chamber free of gel). Comparison between experimental observations and numerical simulations in the presence of convection and sedimentation and without them provides a validation of the model. The crystal formation in gel results modulated in space. If the gel matrix is not present, convective cells arise in the protein chamber due to local inversions in the density distribution associated to nucleation phenomena. As time passes, these vortex cells migrate towards the top of the protein chamber exhibiting a different wave number according to the distance from the gel interface. The sedimentating particles produce a wake due to depletion of protein from the surrounding liquid. The models and the experiments may represent a useful methodology for the determination of the parameters and conditions that may lead to protein crystallization.

Chemical Precipitation↗
PubMed2000

Magnetoencephalographic analysis of periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs).

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the spatial and temporal distribution of the electroencephalographic (EEG) pattern termed 'periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges' (PLEDs), we performed magnetoencephalography (MEG) to analyze PLEDs in a patient with a right parietal metastasis associated with meningeal carcinomatosis. METHODS: A 37-channel biomagnetometer was used to simultaneously record the EEG and MEG. Equivalent current dipole (ECD) source localization was calculated based on a single-dipole model and mapped onto a magnetic resonance image. Single-photon emission computed tomography with technetium-99-hexamethyl-propyleneamine oxime (HMPAO-SPECT study) was also performed during both presence and absence of PLEDs according to an EEG monitor. RESULTS: By EEG the PLEDs, predominantly right-sided, consisted of a typical negative triphasic spike followed by a slow negative wave. By MEG the PLEDs had a sequence with 3 distinct components. ECDs in the 3 components were localized to the cortex around the lesion, although exact localization and dipole direction varied between components. HMPAO-SPECT demonstrated hypoperfusion of the lesion and adjacent cortex during both quiescence and appearance of PLEDs. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that PLEDs originated from the hypoperfused cortex surrounding the lesion.

Brain Mapping↗
PubMed1999

Spectral analysis of periodic fluctuations in electrocardiographic repolarization.

Repolarization alternans (RPA) indicates alternate-beat fluctuations in the temporal or spatial characteristics of the echocardiogram (ECG) STU segment which may represent dispersion in repolarization. Spectral decomposition has revealed microvolt-level RPA which has been found to correlate with ventricular tachycardia (VT) and fibrillation, and is increasingly being used for clinical risk stratification. However, while interruptions in periodicity are known to affect spectral decomposition, their quantitative impact on RPA and its clinical utility have been poorly described. We therefore studied the effect of variable alignment, extrasystoles, dissimilar beats and beat exclusion on RPA magnitude in simulations and on the sensitivity and specificity of RPA for VT in a pilot clinical study. RPA magnitude was exquisitely sensitive to QRS alignment such that +/- 1 ms random beat misalignment reduced it by 68% in simulations. Correspondingly, suboptimal QRS alignment in clinical ECG's caused the sensitivity of RPA for inducible VT to fall from 93% to as low as 63%; while JT alignment was also less effective for RPA recovery. As an experiment in minimizing morphometric irregularities in clinical ECG's, we found that RPA magnitude actually fell when replacing either measurably dissimilar or ectopic beats with more representative beats. In addition, inserting or deleting beats also reduced RPA magnitude in clinical sequences and simulations. These statistical analyses suggest that the precision of beat alignment and interruptions to ECG periodicity, which may occur physiologically, may greatly reduce the clinical utility of RPA for VT. Dynamic alterations in RPA in response to sequence irregularities require further study before RPA may be optimally applied to screen for ventricular arrhythmias.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed1986

Coding of spectral fine structure in the auditory nerve. I. Fourier analysis of period and interspike interval histograms.

The temporal fine structure of discharge patterns of single auditory-nerve fibers in adult cats was analyzed in response to signals consisting of a variable number of equal-intensity, in-phase harmonics of a common low-frequency fundamental. Two analytic methods were employed. The first method considered Fourier spectra of period histograms based on the period of the fundamental, and the second method considered Fourier spectra of interspike interval histograms (ISIH's). Both analyses provide information about fiber tuning properties, but Fourier spectra of ISIH's also allow estimates to be made of the degree of resolution of individual stimulus components. At low intensities (within 20-40 dB of threshold), indices of synchronization to individual components of complex tones were similar to those obtained for pure tones. This was true even when fibers were capable of responding to several signal components simultaneously. Response spectra obtained at low intensities resembled fibers' tuning curves, and fibers with low spontaneous discharge rates tended to provide better resolution of stimulus components than fibers with high spontaneous rates. Strongly nonlinear behavior existed at higher stimulus intensities. In this, information was transmitted about progressively fewer signal components and about frequencies not present in the acoustic stimulus, and the component eliciting the largest response shifted away from the fiber's characteristic frequency and toward the edges of the stimulus spectrum. This high-intensity "edge enhancement" can result from the combined effects of a compressive input-output nonlinearity, suppression, and the fortuitous addition of internally generated combination tones. The data indicate that sufficient information exists for the auditory system to determine the frequencies of narrowly spaced stimulus components from the temporal fine structure of nerve fiber's responses.

Animals↗