Preliminary evaluation of ivermectin for control of Psoroptes ovis in desert bighorn sheep.
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The authors describe six cases of mange in buffalos of the Zoo, produced by a new species of a mite Choriopsoroptes syncerus n. sp. (Psoroptidae). The lesions were located on the back, extending from the base of the tail to the withers. The lesions were cured with a combinationn of organophosphor derivatives locally and orally.
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Ivermectin administered to rabbits in drinking water (3 ml of drenching liquid (0.08% w/v ivermectin) per litre of drinking water) for one of five days, gave rise to blood levels persisting on several days and were measured by the death of mosquitoes following a meal of blood from these animals. In practice ivermectin (3 ml/l) was administered to 98 rabbits on a rabbit-meat farm for 24 hours. This treatment was repeated within a fortnight. The degree of ear mange was determined by the amount of incrustation. Within three weeks after treatment was initiated, all animals were free of crusts. Incrustation gradually recurred during the following weeks. After 161 days, approximately ten per cent of the animals showed some incrustation again. Treatment with ivermectin once every six months is advised to suppress ear mange.
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The concentration-time profile of ivermectin in serum was determined for 3 Hereford heifers. The mean maximum serum concentration, 29 ng of ivermectin/ml, was obtained 48 hours after single subcutaneous injection of 200 micrograms/kg of body weight. The fecundity of mites placed on 9 treated animals at 5, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 days after injection was reduced by 96% to 99%. At 24 days after treatment, when serum concentration had decreased to about 2 ng/ml, the capability of mites to produce eggs increased to 50% of mites from nontreated calves. At 27 and 30 days after the drug was injected, egg production by mites on treated calves was equivalent to that of mites on nontreated calves. The reduced fecundity resulted from an almost complete cessation of oviposition by females after only a 1-day exposure to ivermectin-treated calves.
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