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PubMed1979

Schistosomiasis japonica in Barrio San Antonia, Basey Samar, in the Philippines: III. The plasma circumoval precipitin test-procedure and use in epidemiologic studies.

A plasma circumoval precipitin test is proposed as the basic diagnostic tool for epidemiologic studies on schistosomiasis japonica in the Philippines. The collection of plasma, the preparation of the COP test slide, and the reading and interpretation of results are described in detail with pertinent comments. The cost, advantages and usefulness of the test are also discussed.

Child↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of precipitin antibodies and virus-neutralizing antibodies to infectious bursal disease virus.

Three hundred twenty-two serum samples from commercial pullets and multiplier breeders were analyzed for agar-gel precipitin (AGP) antibodies and virus-neutralizing (VN) antibodies to infectious bursal disease virus. Two hundred thirty-four of these sera were AGP-positive, and 88 were AGP-negative. The geometric mean of the reciprocal of the VN titers for the AGP-positive sera was 208.7, and 232 (99.1%) had a VN titer of 1:16 or greater. In contrast, the geometric mean of the reciprocal of the VN titers for the AGP-negative sera was 6.1, but 53 (60.2%) had a VN titer ranging from 1:4 to 1:256. When the AGP test was compared with the VN test, the sensitivity and specificity, respectively, of the AGP test were 81.5% and 100%.

Animals↗

PubMed1981

Cellulose acetate membrane precipitin (CAP)test in amoebiasis using antigens from four different strains of Entamoeba histolytica.

A simple cellulose acetate membrane precipitin (CAP) test was evaluated against immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) test using saline extract from 4 different strains (HK-9, HT-10, HT-12 and HT-31) of axenically grown Entamoeba histolytica as the antigens. All 81 sera from patients with amoebic liver abscess were positive in the IEP against the antigens from all 4 strains. With the CAP test the number positive against antigens from HK-9, HT-10, HT-12 and HT-31 were 79,77,79 and 71 respectively Sera from 100 blood donors were negative by both IEP and CAP tests against antigens from all 4 strains. Comparison between the number of precipitating bands demonstrated by either IEP or CAP test showed that strain HT-12 was the best source of antigen in exhibiting significantly more number of precipitating bands, strain HT-31 was the poorest. The strain HT-10 was comparatively superior to strain HT-31 in the CAP test whereas in the IEP test strain HK-9 and HT-31 were both inferior to strain HT-10.

Antigens, Viral↗

PubMed1983

Antibodies to Mi-1 in SLE: relationship to other precipitins and reaction with bovine immunoglobulin.

Precipitating antibodies to Mi-1, a protein antigen purified from calf thymus nuclear extract, have been reported in a small percentage of patients with dermatomyositis (DM) but not in patients with other connective tissue diseases or controls. Mi-1 shares certain characteristics with immunoglobulin, including the ability to react with rabbit anti-bovine immunoglobulin G (BIgG). A more extensive survey for anti-Mi-1 has been performed, involving 51 normal controls, 67 patients with polymyositis (PM) or DM, 47 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 41 SLE patients without any other precipitating antibodies to saline extractable tissue antigens on routine testing, and 247 patients, many with SLE, known to have other precipitins. Anti-Mi-1 was found in 13 patients from the latter group (5.25%) and two patients with PM or DM (3.0%), and was not found in other groups. It was found in seven of 95 (7.4%) with anti-nRNP, three of 32 (9.4%) with anti-Sm (with or without anti-nRNP) and three of 120 (2.5%) with anti-Ro (SSA). Anti-Mi-1 cross-reacts directly with BIgG but differs from ordinary rheumatoid factor in its frequent reaction with Fab2 fragments and restricted species specificity. Thus, anti-Mi-1 can be found in patients with diseases other than DM, including SLE, most often in patients with antibodies to nRNP.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗

PubMed1983

Circumoval precipitin (COP) test using air-dried eggs of Schistosoma japonicum and S. mansoni.

In an attempt to establish a simplified circumoval precipitin (COP) test for the diagnostic purpose of schistosomiasis, air-dried eggs of both Schistosoma japonicum and S. mansoni were tested as antigens for this assay. Twenty-six sera from mice infected with S. japonicum showed positive COP reactions as assessed by air-dried eggs. Among 36 serum samples from patients with schistosomiasis japonica, five exhibited false negative reaction when assessed with air-dried eggs and showed a minimum level of COP reaction when assessed with lyophilized eggs. Similarly, all of 30 serum samples from jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) infected with S. mansoni gave positive COP reaction when assessed using air-dried egg. Diagnostic sensitivity of air-dried egg-system was comparable to those of fresh egg-or lyophilized egg-systems. A simple COP technique employing air-dried eggs, instead of lyophilized or fresh ones, would be thus useful for the serodiagnosis of schistosomiasis in local endemic areas, where sophisticated laboratory facilities are not available.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

[Influence of combined application of antilymphocyte globulin and plasmatic alpha-globulin fraction on precipitin formation in rabbits (author's transl)].

In the experiments on rabbits immunized with human albumin the effect of combined application of both antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) and plasmatic alpha-globulin fraction (agf) on antibody formation was studied. The course of immune response had been compared to groups administered the above preparation alone, and to controls which had been applied saline. It was found that both ALG alone and AGF were capable to a certain extent of suppressing precipitin formation; a pronounced suppression appeared following the combined effect of both drugs. A strong suppression, however, was likewise attained when a high dose of AGF alone was applied. These findings are discussed in association with other statements that under given experimental conditions the combined application of both drugs, besides the immunosuppressive effect on the formation of antibodies against the antigen used (albumin) showed also an adverse side effect. The latter resulted in a considerably increased level of antibodies against ALG as compared to the group receiving ALG only. The authors point out the necessity of a further follow-up this interesting experience and, unless a more feasible pattern is found which would eliminate the side effects, warn against eventual clinical use of this drug combination under study.

Alpha-Globulins↗

PubMed1978

[Host-parasite relation between Carcinus mediterraneus and Sacculina carcini; immunochemical analysis and demonstration of antisacculin precipitin].

The hemolymph from both healthy and parasitised Carcinus mediterraneus are immunochemically analysed. The study confirms the presence in the blood of the infested Crab of a supplementary fraction which was already observed by electrophorsis. Moreover, some infested Crabs develop an anti sacculin precipitin reaction, not visible on healthy animals. The relations between these proteic fractions are discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Precipitin and mitogenic behavior of dimeric and tetrameric concanavalin A.

The results of double diffusion and quantitative precipitin tests show that in contrast to the concanavalin A tetramer, the dimer is incapable of precipitating glycogen. The results support previous work suggesting that dimers composed of two fragmented monomer units possess only one binding site for carbohydrate (McKenzie and Sawyer, J. Biol. Chem. 1973. 248: 549). On the other hand, dimer and tetramer species had similar mitogenic activity as measured by the incorporation of radioactive thymidine by mouse spleen lymphocytes and induced cap formation to similar degrees. Results are discussed in terms of the affinity and valency of the polymeric forms and their stability at the cell surface.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

A simple method for the production of specific antiserum to protein encoded in cloned genes. Immunization with precipitin lines.

A simple technique for raising specific antisera to protein encoded by cloned genes is described. The procedure involves preparation of an antiserum to Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase and the use of that serum to immunoprecipitate a fusion protein in a crossed immunoelectrophoresis gel followed by immunization with fusion protein precipitin arcs. An antiserum was prepared against protein encoded by an open reading frame in a dispersed repeated DNA sequence found in the protozoan Trypanosoma brucei. This serum recognized a polypeptide doublet of 33.5 and 32.5 kDa on immunoblots prepared from extracts of T. brucei. The method described should be applicable to other investigations where an immunochemical reagent against protein encoded by a cloned gene is desired.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Precipitin response of the mitogen produced by Strongylus vulgaris arterial larvae.

The precipitin response of the mitogen produced by Strongylus vulgaris arterial larvae was investigated. IgG (T) from the sera of horses naturally infected with S. vulgaris adults and arterial larvae recognised the presence of two antigenic components of the mitogenic fractions. The results obtained seem to confirm that these antigens are immunogenic in stimulating the production of increased levels of IgG(T) in infected animals, and showed that the procedures could be used as immunological tools in the diagnosis of S. vulgaris infection.

Animals↗

PubMed1969

Immune reactions in polysaccharide media. The effect of hyaluronate, chondroitin sulphate and chondroitin sulphate-protein complex on the precipitin reaction.

The influence of the connective-tissue polysaccharides hyaluronate, chondroitin 4-sulphate and a chondroitin 4-sulphate-protein complex (PP-L) from cartilage on the precipitin reaction was investigated. In a system consisting of (125)I-labelled human serum albumin and the immunoglobulin G fraction from rabbit anti-albumin sera, the precipitation is greatly increased in the region of antigen excess. This effect depends on the concentration, molecular weight and configuration of the polysaccharide. The increase parallels a decrease in the amount of soluble immune complexes in the supernatant. It is suggested that the effect is due to steric exclusion of the complexes from the domains of the polysaccharides. The possibility that such a mechanism might enhance precipitation of antigen-antibody complexes in certain pathological conditions is discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Diagnostic value of candida precipitins determined by counterimmunoelectrophoresis in patients with acute leukemia: a prospective study.

Thirty-nine patients receiving chemotherapy for acute leukemia had weekly determinations of Candida precipitins by use of counterimmunoelectrophoresis. The only two patients who had proven disseminated candidiasis both had diagnostic (greater than or equal to 1/8) titers. However, most patients with "possible" disseminated candidiasis did not have diagnostic titers. The test's specificity was high (90%), and only one of five patients infected with other fungi had diagnostic titers. However, because there were so few "true positives" in this small series, the relatively small number of "false positives" resulted in a low predictive value for this test. Based on a review of the literature and the authors' experience, the value of this test for patients who have acute leukemia does not appear to be well established.

Adult↗

PubMed1975

Gel precipitin tests for hepatitis-B surface antigen. False positive reactions due to the presence of staphylococcal antigen in contaminated plasma samples.

Plasma samples contaminated with coagulase-positive staphylococci were found to give a false positive precipitin line for hepatitis-B surface antigen in gel tests. The staphylococcal antibody was found to be present in both normal immunoglobulin and anti-hepatitis-B surface antigen immunoglobulin preparations and also in many normal plasma samples.

Antigens, Bacterial↗

PubMed1989

Comparison of inoculation regimes for the experimental production of swine erysipelas arthritis. II. Serological findings in a gel diffusion precipitin test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

The serological response of pigs to Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae inoculation was monitored by a gel diffusion precipitin test (GDPT) using a crude, serotype-specific, autoclaved antigen and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a heat-extracted, alcohol precipitated and molecular seived antigen previously shown to react with serum from pigs infected with serotypes 1 or 2. All pigs receiving 3 or 5 weekly intravenous inoculations of either a highly virulent (VRS 229) or a lowly virulent isolate (VRS 252) produced GDPT-reactive antibody within 3 weeks, but only 44% were still reactive at 8 to 9.5 weeks. The ELISA response was significantly higher in pigs inoculated with the highly virulent strain, and was similar in pigs receiving 3 or 5 doses of either strain. In a dose-response trial, after 3 doses of VRS 229, GDPT reactivity occurred earlier and was stronger in pigs given higher doses of E. rhusiopathiae, but the response peaked 3 to 5 weeks after the start of challenge and was short lived. GDPT reactivity correlated with dose, but not with the severity of arthritis. The ELISA demonstrated specific IgG antibody was present by 2 weeks, and persisted to at least 11 weeks. The ELISA reactivity was significantly higher in pigs with arthritis than in pigs that received low doses and were not arthritic. Within groups of pigs with arthritis a significant, dose dependent, linear ELISA response developed but did not correlate with the presence or degree of arthritis at slaughter. Non-arthritic pigs had similar low ELISA responses to uninoculated controls.

Animals↗

PubMed1966

Genetically determined antigen of the Ne subgroup of gamma-globulin: detection by precipitin analysis.

A genetic antigen, Gm(n), has been described for the Ne subgroup of gamma-globulin previously devoid of Gm factors. It was detected by precipitin tests with a primate antiserum to Ne-type heavy chains. A relation to the Gm(b) antigens of the Vi subgroup and the Gm(f) and Gm(y) antigens of the We subgroup was apparent. The availablity of genetic antigens for the heavy chains of three subgroups of gamma-globulin with varying relationships in different populations offers an approach to the mapping of the genes concerned.

Antigens↗

PubMed1981

Identification of the active precipitin components in a purified preparation of the A antigen of Blastomyces dermatitidis.

A purified A-antigen preparation of Blastomyces dermatitidis was determined to be composed of five major glycoprotein bands, visible with Coomassie blue and periodic acid-Schiff staining of polyacrylamide gels. At least 20 additional protein bands were detected by using a silver stain, which was 100 times more sensitive than the Coomassie method. Two components of this mixture were determined to be associated with the A-antigenic activity of B. dermatitidis. Of several antigen preparations examined in Ouchterlony precipitation tests, those reactive with a reference anti-A antiserum contained the slowest moving of the Coomassie blue bands. The antigen preparations without precipitin reactivity lacked this protein band. Two protein bands were shown to disappear from an antigen preparation after incubation with an affinity gel linked to the reference anti-A serum. One of the bands was the slowest Coomassie blue band, and the other was a fast-migrating protein detectable only with the silver stain. Characterization of the components responsible for the A-antigenic activity has important applications in the production and standardization of serological reagents for the diagnosis of blastomycosis.

Antigens, Fungal↗

PubMed1968

Rapid and sensitive precipitin test for the diagnosis of farmer's lung using immunoosmophoresis.

An agar gel precipitin test, using osmophoresis, has been devised for use with weakly reacting sera. The test was applied to various categories of sera, including sera from cases of farmer's lung which had reacted with a conventional immuno-diffusion test, and others which had not. All the conventionally sero-positive sera reacted positively in the new test as did nine of 16 cases in the sero-negative group. Concentration of sera in the latter group resulted in 11 positive tests out of a possible 12. Evidence was obtained of qualitative differences in the sera of these two groups. Unexpected reactivity with sera from cases of farmer's lung was found in a dialysate from a broth culture of T. polyspora. No reactions with this dialysate were obtained with the sera of any patients who did not have symptoms of farmer's lung.

Agar↗

PubMed1970

The double diffusion precipitin test in human fascioliasis.

The recent outbreaks of human fascioliasis in Britain provided the opportunity for employing the double diffusion precipitin test in the diagnosis of this disease. In sensitivity and specificity this test appears to equal the complement-fixation test and has the advantages of simplicity and speed in its performance.

Antigens↗