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On the model of the caragenan-induced acute aseptic peritonitis in rats it was shown that in comparison with the extract of placenta the use of the chorion cryoextract leads to the faster completion of neutrophilic and higher stimulation of macrophagal and fibroblastic reaction in the inflammatory focus. Therefore, a new drug of the chorion cryoextract possesses stronger anti-inflammatory actions than the pharmacological preparation of placenta extract used in the same dose.
This work is based on the observation of 15 patients with an age from 20 to 55 years, with different chronic odontitis, that have been treated with placenta extract close to the typical therapy. The results, already reached after two months, have been satisfactory, whether for the inflammation or for the distrophic forms, for the good balance of applications, topical and intramuscular.
In cells of Fanconi's anemia (FA) spontaneous breakage of chromosomes was first recognized by Schroeder et al. (1964). Sensitivity to bivalent alkylants has been found to be a constant feature, whereas low levels of several repair-related enzymes have been described in different FA cell lines. In a family with known FA, during a further pregnancy the prenatal diagnosis of the disease was made by cytogenetic analysis of amniotic cells. After birth the fresh placenta was extracted for further enzymologic analysis. An unusual distribution of DNA topoisomerase activity was noted: high in the cytoplasm and only a little activity in the nuclear sap. This contrasts with findings in normal placentae. Since amniotic cells, lymphocytes, and fibroblasts of this child exhibited both high spontaneous breakage of chromosomes and sensitivity to the bivalent alkylant, diepoxybutane, a correlation between the findings on cytogenetic and enzymologic levels is assumed. Whereas in other published cases, a true reduction of activities of enzymes involved in DNA replication and repair has been found, the present results suggest the interpretation that in our patient the genetic anomaly does not affect the level of synthesis of the enzyme itself, but the passage of the enzyme from the place of synthesis (the cytoplasm) to the substrate (inside the nucleus). A genetic anomaly of the nuclear membrane might be a possible explanation, or alternatively, a structural mutation of the enzyme at a site not affecting the catalytic activity, but affecting the membrane passage or intranuclear accumulation. Meanwhile, placentae of two other cases gave similar results, thus supporting our findings.
BACKGROUND: Postpartum haemorrhage due to retained placenta is one of the commonest life-threatening conditions during the third stage of labour. Uterine relaxation is usually required to facilitate placental removal. 'Full-stomach' obstetric patients (which includes those who delivered within 48 h), parturients with a history of antepartum or recurrent postpartum hemorrhage, grand multiparity, twin pregnancy, and those with cardiac abnormalities may benefit from an alternative to volatile-based general anaesthesia for uterine relaxation to avoid complications associated with the technique (e.g. aspiration pneumonitis and cardiovascular compromise). CASE REPORT: A 34-year-old gravida 4, para 3 parturient with rheumatic valvular heart disease presented with retained placenta and postpartum haemorrhage on two consecutive deliveries and had the placenta removed manually by the same surgeon under two different anaesthetic techniques. On the first occasion, general anaesthesia was administered whereas only i.v. fentanyl and nitro-glycerine were used on the second occasion. The postoperative course was uneventful on both occasions. CONCLUSIONS: The use of nitro-glycerine was found to be efficacious for manual removal of placenta with minimal haemodynamic perturbations, avoiding the use (and associated risks) of general anaesthesia for uterine relaxation. The ability of nitro-glycerine to reduce spontaneous uterine activity, induce uterine relaxation, coupled with its short duration of action and high efficacy, may render it a safe alternative to general anaesthesia for facilitating intrauterine manoeuvres. Nitro-glycerine may be useful especially in patients with associated co-morbid chronic cardiac conditions, e.g. rheumatic heart disease, which is characterised by impaired haemodynamics and cardiac reserves.
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We describe a method for the preparation of purified PP5 suitable for use as a tracer ligand in RIA. The method is based on the observation that PP5 will bind to heparin and employs a heparin-Sepharose column as a key step in the procedure.
A peptide of around 7.4 kDa has been purified from the aqueous extract of human placenta used as wound healer. Derived partial amino acid sequence from mass spectrometric analysis showed its homology with human fibronectin type III. Under nondenaturing condition, it formed aggregate, the elution pattern of which from reverse-phase HPLC was identical with that of fibronectin type III. Immuno-blot of the peptide with reference fibronectin type III-C showed strong cross reactivity. Since fibronectin type III plays important roles in wound healing, similar peptide in the extract is likely to take part in curing process.
Digoxin-like immunoreactive substances (DLIS) have been successfully extracted and concentrated from cord serum, mixed (cord and maternal) serum and placentas. Similar substances have also been extracted from normal adult serum, but DLIS in this medium are present in much lower concentrations. Concentrated DLIS have been separated into several immunoreactive fractions by use of reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Immunoreactive fractions were tested for their ability to inhibit the Na+,K+-ATPase by measuring the 86Rb-uptake of red blood cells in the presence of these fractions. A potent inhibitor was identified in an immunoreactive fraction which also contains progesterone, but the results suggest that the pump inhibitor is not progesterone. Cross-reactivity studies utilising fluorescence polarization immunoassay have shown that cortisone is the most potent immunoreactive substance of cord serum.
The SP1 content of the placenta has been examined. It was found that, as in pregnancy serum, two variants of the protein existed in the placenta. The smaller molecule, with a beta 1 electrophoretic mobility, is readily extractable with phosphate buffered saline. The second larger molecule is more tightly bound in the placenta and requires Triton X-100 to be solubilized. The hypothesis is put forward that the larger alpha variant is the precursor form which is related more irregularly and in a smaller amount from the placenta into the maternal circulation.
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It has been demonstrated that placenta extract of rats contains up to 14 antigens. Moreover, 11 of them are interorgan proteins of wide and limited specificity, two antigens (alpha 1- and alpha 2-globulins) are attributed to acute-phase proteins typical for pregnancy. beta 1-Globulin is a specific protein of rat placenta. The content of these antigens in blood serum increases with pregnancy and reaches a maximum toward the delivery; 3-4 days after delivery beta 1-globulin disappears completely from maternal blood, whereas the concentration of acute-phase proteins drops to the initial level.
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