Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Occupations”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparison of the causes of occupational atopic dermatitis diagnosed at the Institute of Occupational Medicine in Lódź 1972-1978 and 1979-1987].

The causes leading to occupational contact eczema were compared in two time periods 1972-1978 and 1979-1987. An increase was observed in the second period in the frequency of occupational eczema in women and greater incidence in health service workers. Occupational contact eczema was diagnosed most frequently in construction workers, in machinery and metallurgic industry and in weavers and textile workers. The causes of occupational eczema remained unchanged, the most frequent causes were still hypersensitivity to chromium, cobalt and epoxy resins. No increase in the frequency of hypersensitivity to nickel was noted.

Dermatitis, Atopic↗
PubMed1988

Health and occupational correlates of perceived occupational stress in symphony orchestra musicians.

The authors examined the relationship between perceived occupational stress and the prevalence of a number of psychologic and physical ailments in a sample of professional symphony orchestra musicians and related musicians' self-reports of stress to demographic and occupational characteristics. Results of a survey of 2,212 musicians from 47 symphony orchestras revealed a significant relationship between perceived occupational stress and prevalence of a number of psychologic as well as physical medical problems. Age and occupational factors, such as the orchestra in which the musician plays, the instrument played, and status as a soloist, were also found to be significant correlates of perceived stress.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Immuno-biochemical findings in groups of individuals occupationally and non-occupationally exposed to emissions containing nickel and cobalt.

Immune reactions elicited in the sera of individuals exposed to nickel and cobalt were assessed by changes in the concentration of serum immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and IgM and serum proteins alpha 2 macroglobulin (A2M), transferrin (TRF), alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT), ceruloplasmin (CPL) and lysozyme (LYS). Examinations were carried out in workers occupationally exposed to Ni (38 individuals) or Co (35 individuals) and in groups of non-occupationally exposed children living in areas with a different degree of air pollution from a nearby source of Ni and Co emissions (one group was made up of 54 exposed children, the other one of 64 "less exposed" children of the same age). Groups of non-exposed controls were represented by a group of 42 male adults matched by age and by a group of 48 children from a non-polluted area. Significantly increased average values were obtained for IgG, IgA and IgM in group of workers exposed to Ni, for IgA in workers exposed to Co and for A1AT, A2M, CPL and LYS in both groups of occupationally exposed adults (p less than 0.001 - p less than 0.005). Among non-occupationally exposed children the group of the most exposed had significantly elevated average values for A2M and A1AT which were higher than those recorded in groups of "less exposed" and control children (p less than 0.02 and p less than 0.05, respectively). The biomedical importance of these findings is discussed in detail.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Occupational skin diseases from material of the Regional Center for Occupational Medicine collected during the years 1979-1991].

The authors presented data on occupational skin diseases in the Bydgoszcz Region during the years 1979-1991. They described caused of these diseases with special reference to eczema which proved to be most common. During a thirteen-year period under study, 262 occupational skin diseases were diagnosed, out of them 243 (89.3%) were the result of allergy. Changes in skin induced by chromium, nickel or cobalt were confirmed in 171 diseases. Occupational chromium allergy was diagnosed in 153 patients. The following allergens proved to be responsible in most cases for eczema: in females: chromium as well as chromium, nickel and cobalt jointly, in males: chromium as well as chromium and cobalt jointly, in both genders: chromium as well as chromium and cobalt jointly. It was found that in females incidence of occupational allergic eczema induced by nickel was almost twice that high as in males; almost five times higher when induced by nickel and cobalt jointly and almost six times higher when induced by chromium, nickel and cobalt jointly. It was indicated that in males incidence of eczema induced by chromium is one and a half times higher than in females and almost two times higher when induced by chromium and cobalt jointly.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Causes of allergic occupational dermatitis diagnosed at the Institute of Occupational Medicine in Lodz during the last five years].

During the years 1988-1992 there were diagnosed 299 cases of allergic occupational eczema (115 females and 184 males). Among them 20.4% of patients were employed in health care and social welfare, 20.1% in the metallurgical and machine industries, 19.7% in the building industry and 9% in the textile and clothing industries. Allergy to nickel (45.2%), cobalt (40%), chromium (33.9%) and formalin (15.7%) was the most common cause of occupational allergy in females, while 63% of males were hypersensitive to chromium, 42.4% to cobalt, 17.4% to nickel and 14.7% to epidianes. When compared with the years 1972-1987 an increased incidence of occupational skin diseases was found especially in females, but also in health service workers as well as in workers employed by the metallurgical and machine industries. Chromium compounds still remain the main cause of occupational eczema, however, the number of persons sensitive to this metal has decreased. An increased allergy to nickel and formaldehyde and decreased allergy to turpentine have been also observed.

Dermatitis, Contact↗
PubMed1997

[Structure of occupational diseases in patients examined and treated at the Institute clinic of hygiene, occupational diseases and human ecology].

The authors analyze data on patients diagnosed as having occupational disease in 1970-1995 and grouped according to age, sex, length of service, occupational hazards. Incidence of various syndromes in occupational diseases is calculated. The authors detail some items obscuring diagnosis of occupational diseases and necessitate referral to various professionals for precise and early diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A model of occupational, environmental and community medicine. History and evolution of the Hospital Unit of Occupational Medicine (UOOML) in Lombardia].

The authors describe the historical evolution of the prevention in Lombardia, and the role of the Hospital Units for Occupational Medicine, not only on the clinical oriented fields, but also on the areas of formation and training. Hospital Units for Occupational Medicine are today the best synthesis of "occupational-environmental-community health". There development is based on adequate standards of human and instrumental resources, as so as a real financial budget. At last, it's important that these Units are allocated in a so-called "bipolar department", open to the hospital and also open to the territorial structures for prevention and safety (department of occupational health).

Community Medicine↗
PubMed1992

Death certificates in epidemiological studies, including occupational hazards: inaccuracies in occupational categories.

We compared death certificates for asbestos-associated diseases (mesothelioma, lung cancer, asbestosis) in two asbestos workers' cohorts. One (insulation workers) had current or recent employment and a strong, continuing union support system which gave them much information about the effects of asbestos exposure. The second cohort, asbestos factory workers, had no such advantage. The factory had closed almost 30 years before, and its workers had dispersed into many areas of the state and nation. Accuracy of medical diagnosis was comparable in the two groups, but occupational listings were not. Three-quarters of the insulators' death certificates told of asbestos work, while virtually none of the factory workers' certificates provided such information, even for deaths of mesothelioma and asbestosis. The data indicate that disease categories, based on medical and pathological diagnoses, at least for asbestos-associated disease, tend to be accurate. Attempts to identify groups at risk by sorting occupational categories can give variable results, good for those with current exposures, much less satisfactory for those with long-past occupational exposures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

A review of the organization of occupational health and safety and occupational hygiene in Britain.

Britain's Health and Safety at Work Act introduced in 1974 marked a change in approach to occupational health and safety which is having important long-term effects on the organization of occupational health and safety in Britain. The purpose of this paper is to outline the broad principles of approach to health and safety at work contained within the 1974 Act; highlight the implications of the new Act for employers, managers, employees, and representative organizations, and discuss the developments in the organization of occupational health and safety as a result of the 1974 Act.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1986

The prevalence of screening in industry: report from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health National Occupational Hazard Survey.

Data from 4,500 workplaces surveyed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in the National Occupational Hazard Survey (1972 to 1974) and National Occupational Exposure Survey (1981 to 1983) show an increase in both preplacement and periodic medical screening in US industries during the past decade. The distribution of screening is primarily related to plant size, but also varies considerably by industry type; further, plants with industrial hygiene and safety programs and/or unions are more likely to provide screening examinations than those without, irrespective of plant size. As for workers potentially exposed to selected chemical hazards, the first survey provides no consistent evidence that such workers were more likely to receive exposure-specific tests than other workers. The significance of these findings is discussed in the context of the proposed framework for medical screening practices developed by NIOSH researchers.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed2002

Occupational airborne and hand dermatitis to hop (Humulus lupulus) with non-occupational relapses.

We report a case of a 57-years-old female farmer with occupational airborne dermatitis and hand dermatitis to hop (Humulus lupulus). The disease appeared at the age of 46, after 30 years of working with hop without any health problems. The patient had skin erythema of the face, neck and décolleté , oedema of the eyelids, conjunctivitis, as well as acute dermatitis of the hands. The symptoms were provoked both by fresh and dried hop, appeared after half-an-hour of working and persisted over 1-2 days. There were no other skin or allergic problems. Skin tests were carried out with hop leaves (saline extract: prick positive, patch negative; glycerol extract: prick positive, patch negative) and hop cones (saline extract: prick positive, patch negative; glycerol extract: prick negative, patch positive after 48 and 72 hours). Despite discontinuing work, the patient experienced several relapses of her dermatitis. We identified new sources of hop allergens: a beauty cream and a herbal sedative, both containing hop extract. During the next hop cultivation period it also turned out that sleeping in one bed with her husband was provoking relapses of the patient's dermatitis. The husband admitted that sometimes he felt too tired to wash thoroughly after working on the plantation. Our case shows that connubial contacts with husband working in the same workplace may cause relapses of occupational dermatitis. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the concurrent occupational and connubial dermatitis to hop.

Agricultural Workers' Diseases↗
PubMed2004

[Justification for screening laboratory tests not related to occupational exposure ordered by occupational medicine physicians: an analytical study].

The aim of the study was to analyze whether laboratory tests not related with occupational exposure ordered by occupational medicine physicians are justified. In Poland, prophylactic standards in occupational medicine are determined by law and the minimum range of laboratory tests and consultations by specialists is laid down. The extension of its range to include screening in all workers is disputable. The authors analyze the usefulness of the most common laboratory tests performed in screening (blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, lipid profile, glucose in blood, urine). In part of those examinations, the benefit to a patient, e.g., the detection of a pathology, is questionable if they are not supported by a thorough analysis of the patient's state of health and risk factors.

Diagnostic Tests, Routine↗
PubMed2005

Occupational health nursing in the United Kingdom: exploring the world through international occupational health programs.

The workplace and its potential to influence the health of the public is acknowledged by the United Kingdom government. The regulatory body (Nursing and Midwifery Council [NMC]) recognizes the need for Occupational Health Nurses to have a registrable qualification and also recognizes the public health role of the occupational health nurse. The need to keep abreast of fast-changing technologies, together with societal concerns about the acceptable level of risk in work activity, are key drivers in occupational health nurse research.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

Occupational asthma caused by cobalt chloride in a diamond polisher after cessation of occupational exposure: a case report.

OBJECTIVES: The inspiration of cobalt containing dust leads to various respiratory symptoms, including asthma and interstitial lung disease. Occupational asthma caused by cobalt chloride has been diagnosed in a 35-year-old patient, who worked as a diamond polishing disc former. The patient presented a 2-year history of dyspnea, cough and symptoms of rhinitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The patient underwent a medical history interview, skin prick tests with common and occupational allergens (cobalt and nickel chloride), and pulmonary function testing both before and after the nasal provocation with 0.05% cobalt chloride. Additionally, the authors analyzed morphological and biochemical changes before and after the specific nasal challenge test. Cell proliferation analysis was also carried out. RESULTS: Skin prick tests (SPTs) with common environmental allergens were found to be negative, while SPTs with cobalt chloride were positive for all applied solutions. The provocation with cobalt chloride caused a significant increase in the proportion of eosinophils, basophils and albumin during the late allergic reaction. The positive lymphocyte transformation caused by cobalt was also observed. CONCLUSIONS: Cobalt salts may induce occupational asthma. The mechanism of this asthma may be IgE-mediated. The cobalt-sensitized lymphocytes may play an important role in this disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The diagnosis of occupational diseases: a specific task of occupational doctors].

The Authors examine the problem dealing with Occupational disease diagnosis focusing five main points: diseases of probable/possible occupational origin; chronic and acute diseases; diseases due to biological agents; presumptive causation in legal compensation; public health statistics and medical reports. They conclude that new rules are needed and more advice from Occupational Medicine is required.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1989

The occupational medicine clinic of the National Centre for Occupational Health.

The clinic of the National Centre for Occupational Health is described as an example of a referral clinic for occupational disease. The activities and limitations of the clinic are described. Trends relevant to the development and running of such clinics in the RSA are considered. Features of clinical occupational medicine which distinguish it from other medical specialties are discussed, as is the problem of where to site such a clinic.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMed2001

[In the chosen occupation health must also play a part! An analysis of occupational medicine assessment of adolescents with health handicaps].

When choosing a profession or occupation, the interests, the abilities, the inclination, innate propensities and, last but not least, health must be considered. Being fit for the job prevents dropouts in vocational education and from giving up the occupation, and avoids cases of employment rehabilitation. Before the decision on a vocational training is taken, a medical examination and consultation of an occupational and sociomedical expert should be mandatory. The results of a study on the reasons of the vocational education dropouts or for giving up the occupation are presented and conclusions for improvement are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Kinetic analysis of therapeutic doses of beta-blockers for angina pectoris based on receptor occupancy theory--relationship between beta 1-receptor occupancy or vasodilative action and dose].

Beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents (beta-blockers) have been widely used for the treatment of angina pectoris. The average/standard therapeutic doses vary widely among beta-blockers with the maximum of about a 120-fold difference. In order to clarify the mechanism of this difference, we analyzed retrospectively the pharmacological effects of beta-blockers in consideration of the beta 1-receptor binding affinity and the vasodilative activity on the basis of pharmacokinetics and the receptor occupancy theory. The analysis was performed on eight beta-blockers without a vasodilative effect and on four beta-blockers with a vasodilative effect. The beta 1-receptor occupancies at the steady-state condition after oral administration of standard doses were calculated by the use of the data on the concentration of unbound agents in plasma and on the dissociation constant of receptors. The estimated receptor occupancies were 87 +/- 6% or 88 +/- 10% for the beta-blockers with or without a vasodilative effect, respectively, and a significant difference was not observed between these groups. These results suggest that the beta 1-receptor occupancies may be a principal indicator for the therapeutic effects for angina pectoris regardless of their vasodilative effects.

Administration, Oral↗