Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Neurocognitive Disorders”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Cenesthetic pain sensations illustrated by an artist suffering from migraine with typical aura.

In addition to attacks with the well-known pulsating characteristics of migrainous headache, migraine patients may experience a variety of peculiar pain sensations which are phenomenologically similar to the spontaneous sensations occurring in patients with thalamic disturbances and to the cenesthesias described as basic symptoms in functional psychoses. A 36-year-old artist with a history of migraine with typical aura provided impressive illustrations of cenesthetic pain sensations experienced during his migraine attacks, including sensations of pressure and sensations of pulling. It is suggested that cenesthetic pain sensations represent aura symptoms of migraine indicative of focal cerebral dysfunction, probably in the thalamic region. The occurrence of cenesthetic pain sensations as a migraine symptom supports the notion of an organic etiology of cenesthesias, as postulated in Huber's concept of basic symptoms of functional psychoses.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Parenthood and mental illness].

UNLABELLED: OBJECTIVE, METHODS: To estimate the impact of various independent variables on "parenthood", "number of off-springs", "living together with off-springs" information from 438 patients was gathered. RESULTS: 193 patients were parents of 375 off-springs. "Living alone", "schizophrenia", "organic psychiatric syndrome" decreased, "being an immigrant", "older age", and "female gender" (as a trend) increased the chance of "parenthood". "Being an immigrant" and "cohabitating relationship" increased whereas "schizophrenia" decreased the number of off-springs. 184 children lived together with 103 patients. "Cohabitating relationship", "being an immigrant", "child-care support" and "affective disorder" increased, "addiction" decreased the chance of "living together with children". "Being an immigrant" and "affective disorder" increased the number of children living together with their mentally ill parents. In families with schizophrenic fathers who live together with their children, the age of the first and second child was rather low. In contrast the child-care services were used only by 10.7 %. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show the relevance of parenthood and associated therapeutic issues.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Melancholia as a secondary disease. On the coincidence of endogenous depression with another psychiatric disease].

Melancholias (endogenous depression) not only occur in previously psychically healthy individuals, but also in patients with neurotic and personality disorders, in addicted patients, schizophrenics, in brain-damaged patients and psychically ill geriatric patients, epileptics and mentally handicapped. This concurrence has received little attention in the past; dual diagnoses are still uncommon in psychiatry. The nosological, diagnostic and therapeutic implications are discussed.

Depressive Disorder↗
PubMed1986

On the effects of pyritinol on functional deficits of patients with organic mental disorders.

In 120 geriatric patients suffering from cerebral functional disorders with a moderate to rather severe degree of chronic brain syndrome, the effects of pyritinol were investigated in a placebo-controlled, randomized double-blind study. Furthermore, we attempted to find some evidence for the validity of a neurophysiological vigilance model which had already been used earlier. In the previous study it had been possible to show a rise in the vigilance level in patients under pyritinol treatment. The investigation began with a two-week single-blind placebo wash-out phase and continued over a 12-week treatment period, with six weeks' treatment in a hospital ward and six weeks' outpatient treatment (or in a geriatric home within a hospital setting). Pyritinol was administered three times daily in coated tablets each containing 200 mg. The course of the trial was controlled using two rating scales (SCAG, BGP), a physician's Global Impression (GI) and two performance tests (SKT, ZVT-G). There were 13 drop-outs, four because of intercurrent diseases, nine because they did not fulfill the inclusion criteria. The data of 107 patients were included in the statistical analysis, 54 on pyritinol and 53 on placebo. No notable adverse drug reactions were observed that were not similarly reported in the placebo group (Table 1). Statistically significant results were found in favor of pyritinol compared with placebo in both the level of clinical symptomatology (Fig. 1) and the performance level (Fig. 4). Particularly impressive was the superiority of pyritinol in the factor "social behavior" of the SCAG. Considering the clinical relevance of the changes it can be concluded that in both groups improvements occurred.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1995

[Perspectives on the therapy of neuropsychiatric diseases with adenosinergic substances].

The function of the neuromodulator, adenosine, has been thoroughly examined during the last two decades. Adenosine inhibits the release of several neurotransmitters and endogenous adenosine is supposed to have sedative and anticonvulsive properties. Lately, it has been discussed whether neuropsychiatric disorders could be treated with adenosynergic drugs. In patients with anxiety disorder a first clinical trial with the reuptake inhibitor dipyridamole was not successful. Disorders of the basal ganglia and schizophrenia might be positively influenced by newly developed A2-receptor ligands. A1-receptor agonists might prove to be neuroprotective; they also could be of importance in the treatment of epilepsy. Selective A1-receptor antagonists might be used in the treatment of depressive disorders and of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. The adenosine receptor antagonist, caffeine, is widely used in the treatment of migraine; more selective antagonists would provide a more powerful treatment.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1989

Applications of cognitive testing to group therapies with the chronically mentally ill.

Appreciation of the various cognitive deficits displayed by many chronic patients offers an alternative way of understanding each patient's predicament and an alternative way of approaching group and milieu therapies with chronic patients. Case examples taken from a test protocol based on neuropsychological testing procedures illustrate the clinical information that can be obtained in this important, but relatively unexplored area.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1986

Falsifications in the psychiatric history: a differential diagnosis.

Several types of falsification may be encountered in the clinical setting, including lies, pseudologia fantastica, delusions and confabulations. I will review these phenomena in the psychopathology literature and propose five criteria to facilitate classification of a falsification. I will then present case histories that illustrate the relationship between the type of falsification and the clinical psychiatric diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Culture, social structure, and quandaries of psychiatric diagnosis: a Vietnamese case study.

In contemporary psychiatry diagnosis is arguably the most important concern of a clinical evaluation insofar as it operates as a scaffolding for therapeutic plans and recommendations. Implicit in the theory and lore of diagnosis is that disorders exist as naturalistic entities possessed of a distinctive form and course. In the event of a complex clinical presentation, a psychiatrist resorts to multiple diagnoses and the use of a rule-out diagnosis, (or several rule-outs). The first practice reflects the dictum of comorbidity. Rule-out diagnoses, on the other hand, support the idea that in some instances extensive anamnesis, observation, and laboratory examination are required in order to establish the true identity of a clinical presentation. The way psychiatrists use the system of diagnosis when examining persons from their own society has been shown to reveal commonalities that conform to a systemic culture pattern (Fabrega et al. 1990a). With these subjects, then, our system of diagnosis works in the sense that it supports widely held assumptions and rationales. In this paper we present a case of a Vietnamese male patient. Its analysis from the standpoint of culture and social structure is used to illustrate some of the problems of reaching diagnoses in persons from other societies and the limitations of our theory about diagnosis.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1999

Frontal lobe psychopathology: mania, depression, confabulation, catatonia, perseveration, obsessive compulsions, and schizophrenia.

The frontal lobes can be subdivided into major functional neuroanatomical domains, which, when injured, surgically destroyed, or reduced in activity or volume, give rise to signature pathological and psychiatric symptomology. A review of case reports and over 50 years of research, including magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and single photon emission computed tomography scans, indicates that apathy, "blunted" schizophrenia, major depression, and aphasic-perseverative disturbance of speech and thought are associated with left lateral as well as bilateral frontal (and striatal) abnormalities. Impulsiveness, confabulatory verbosity, grandiosity, increased sexuality, and mania are associated with right frontal (as well as bilateral) disturbances. Gegenhalten, catatonia, and disturbances of "will" are indicative of medial frontal injuries. Disinhibitory states and obsessive-compulsive perseverative abnormalities are more frequently observed with orbital frontal lobe dysfunction, including frontal-striatal disturbances. These associations, however, are not always clear-cut as patients with the same diagnosis may demonstrate different symptoms that may be due to an additional abnormality in a different region of the brain. Moreover, as the frontal subdivisions are richly interconnected, and as frontal lobe abnormalities are not always discrete or well localized, a wide array of seemingly divergent waxing and waning symptoms may be manifest, sometimes simultaneously, including manic depression and what has been referred to as the "frontal lobe personality."

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1982

Shortening the Speech Sounds Perception Test.

Statistical means of shortening the Speech Sounds Perception Test were examined. Stepwise multiple regression analyses indicated that a 30-item version correlated quite highly with the 60-item version. Group means for representative clinical groups were presented, but no strong differences emerged using either version. Inclusion of length of stay and number of previous admissions as covariates did little to enhance the predictive validity of either form. Finally, the correlation of the 30-item test with demographic variables showed that age correlated most, followed by occupational status. these results were interpreted as indicating that the 30-item version could be used while maintaining the clinical utility of this test.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Relationship among CT scans, neurological exam, and neuropsychological test performance in right-brain-damaged stroke patients.

Right-hemisphere stroke rehabilitation inpatients were assessed by: (1) CT scans; (2) neurological exam; and (3) cognitive and affective psychometric measures. Damage to temporal, parietal, and occipital regions was associated with visual-spatial impairments. Surprisingly, parietal damage was no more related than temporal and occipital damage to severity of visual inattention. While the neurologist's ratings of lability and depression were related to CT-scan measures, patients' self-report of depression was not so related. These findings support a less specific and probably greater interlobule organization of the right, as compared with left, hemisphere, and highlight the need for multifaceted affective assessment in such a brain-damaged group.

Brain↗
PubMed1990

IQ patterns in affective disorder, lateralized and diffuse brain damage.

Meta-analysis of 38 studies compared Wechsler IQ scores in affective disorder (A), lateralized right (RH), left (LH) and bilateral/diffuse (BI) brain damage. A, RH, and BI had lower PIQ than VIQ. In A and BI groups the PIQ/VIQ ratio was identical, whereas each differed significantly from the RH group which revealed a much lower PIQ/VIQ ratio. Similarity of neuropsychological profiles of A and RH patients is often interpreted as indicating predominant right-hemisphere involvement in affective disorder. The present findings suggest an alternative interpretation is possible: i.e., the presence of bilateral/diffuse CNS involvement in affective disorder. We do not believe that our findings strongly support one interpretation over the other. In future research, both possibilities should be considered.

Adult↗