The use of Duopect as expectorant--antitussive agent.
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A method is described for the quantitative determination of morphine, codeine, cryptopine, thebaine, papaverine, and narcotine in opium by high-performance liquid chromatography. The alkaloids are isolated from a dilute acid extract by adsorption on an Amberlite XAD-2 resin column and eluted first with methanol and then with chloroform-methanol (3+1). After solvent removal by reduced pressure evaporation, the alkaloids are redissolved in chloroform-methanol (3+1). The sample solution, plus brucine as an internal standard, is injected onto a Corasil II column and eluted with hexane that is gradient programmed with a solution of chloroform-methanol-diethylamine (100+300+1). The absorbances of the separated alkaloids are continuously monitored at 254 nm, using a flow-through ultraviolet double-beam photometer.
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A method for the simultaneous determination of codeine, morphine, thebaine, papaverine and narcotine in pericarpium papaveris by gas chromatography with wide bore capillary column is described. The major components in pericarpium papaveris were extracted with methanol and chloroform by supersonic extraction and evaporation. The residue was dissolved in methanol. The resulting solution was used for analysis. The conditions for determination were: FID detector, HP-1 capillary column, 5 m x 0.53 mm x 2.65 microns film, column temperature 260 degrees C, The method requires 10 minutes for the whole analysis. The average recoveries of codeine, morphine, thebaine, papaverine and narcotine in the sample were 94.0%, 96.5%, 93.8%, 91.0% and 91.4% respectively. The relative standard deviations were from 0.92% to 2.75%. The advantages of this method are simple, rapid, accurate and sensitive.
The overall apparent first-order rate constants for the reaction of autoxidation of Narcotine (NC) - k1 and Cotarnine (CT) - k2 and the rate constants for autoxidation of the protonated (ks) and undissociated (kb) forms have been determined. The kinetic equation for the reaction of autoxidation at constant concentration of NC, CT and the atmospheric oxygen depending on the pH of the reaction medium has been established as: k1 = ks([H+]/([H+]+K'a))+kb(K'a/([H+]+K'a), k2=(ks[H+]+K'a))+kb (K'a/([H+]+K'a) (1+1+1/kt+1K)). The following thermodynamic parameters for the rate constants ks and kb have been calculated: deltaH not equal to, log A and deltaS not equal to.
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