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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Prenatal alcohol education for low-income women with interactive multimedia.

Prenatal alcohol use is a major cause of birth defects and other adverse outcomes of pregnancy. Educating expectant mothers concerning the need to limit alcohol consumption has been advocated as a method to decrease alcohol-related birth problems, however providing this service for low-income women is increasingly difficult due to ongoing changes in obstetrical practice patterns. The purpose of this work was to develop and test a computer-based multimedia prenatal alcohol education program which would be appropriate for use in a poor rural patient population. We first review the effect of alcohol consumption during pregnancy and previously employed intervention strategies. Then the design, development, and evaluation of the program is described. The content of the program reflects user beliefs and attitudes and takes advantage of a computer-based multimedia approach. This format provides numerous opportunities for user interaction, requires little reading ability and offers the potential to increase levels of health education efforts with no increase in staff. The program was found to be well accepted, to provide new information and to demonstrate potential for effecting change in behavioral intention. Possible uses of this technology for educating similar populations and the use of computers for health screening are discussed.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed2004

A GIS-based multimedia watershed model: development and application.

A multimedia model was developed using publicly available geographical information system (GIS) data, chemical release information and local monitoring networks to assess the fate of trichloroethene (TCE) within the Passaic River Watershed. Seven environmental media, air, water, sediment, surface soil, terrestrial vegetation, root zone soil and vadose zone soil, were modeled in this study along with their sub-compartments. The Passaic River Watershed is described using the NJDEP geographical information system (GIS) resources, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the United States Soil Conservation Services (US SCS) soil data. The introduction of spatial resolution to a multimedia, unsteady state model is performed in this work, and represents an important step in expanding the use of equilibrium models to provide far reaching information on the fate of toxic contaminants within a given environmental unit. The spatial representation of cross-boundary fluxes was successfully demonstrated with the use of sub-watershed as an environmental unit and the direct assessment of TCE for each of the 11 sub-watersheds that make up the Passaic River Basin in northern New Jersey. Important data gaps identified during the development of this model include the lack of comprehensive monitoring data on organic contaminants, and non-uniformity among available physical environmental data from different government agencies.

Air↗
PubMed2005

Comparative evaluation of two applications for delivering a multimedia medical course in the French-speaking Virtual Medical University (UMVF).

This paper describes a comparative evaluation of two applications delivering a multimedia course: a conventional web server (WS) and an integrated e-learning platform in the form of a virtual campus (VC). We used a qualitative method for comparing their acceptance of the on-line course provided by the two different interfaces. The two groups were globally satisfied. However, a decrease in satisfaction was noted at the end of the experimentation in the VC group. This may be explained by a more complex graphic user interface of the VC and some constraints which do not exist with the WS. Students from both groups also had limitations about the multimedia environment.

Consumer Behavior↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Model simulation of environmental profile transformation and fate of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans by the multimedia environmental fate model.

Environmental profile transformation and fate of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) were studied using the fugacity-based multimedia environmental fate model. Mass fluxes between compartments were estimated by the steady-state modeling. From the model estimates, major mass fluxes coming from emission source were shown to go to the soil and water through wet/dry deposition, then go to degradation mainly in the soil and sediment. Simulation of homologue profile transformation was also performed and some controlling parameters were pointed out. Part of profile transformation phenomenon was simulated well at least qualitatively, which was the result of the difference in the physical/chemical properties of homologues. Long-term environmental fate of PCDD/PCDF was also studied using the non steady-state multimedia fate model.

Air Pollution↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Simulation of long-term environmental dynamics of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans using the dynamic multimedia environmental fate model and its implication to the time trend analysis of dioxins.

Long term environmental fate of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) were studied using the fugacity-based dynamic multimedia environmental fate model. New formulation about soil wind erosion into air was included into the model. Effect of process assumption, sensitivity analysis for parameters, and tentative validation against the measured sediment core analysis was performed. Mass fluxes between compartments were estimated by the dynamic modeling. From the model estimates, major mass fluxes coming from emission source were shown to go to the soil and water through wet/dry deposition, then go to degradation mainly in the soil and sediment. Major mass fluxes of TCDD and OCDD come from the impurities in CNP (Chlornitrofen) and PCP (Pentachlorophenol) directly into the soil. Consideration about multimedia environmental dynamics using the modeled mass fluxes was shown in the discussion.

Benzofurans↗
PubMed2001

Ecological risk assessment of multimedia hazardous air pollutants: estimating exposure and effects.

Hazardous air pollutants, some of which have the potential for multimedia distribution, raise several hurdles for ecological risk assessment including: (1) the development of an adequate transport, fate and exposure model; and (2) the selection of exposure-response models that can accommodate multiple exposure routes for ecological receptors. To address the first issue, the EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards has developed TRIM.FaTE, a mass-balance, fate, transport, and ecological exposure model that is a component of the Total Risk Integrated Methodology (TRIM) for air pollutants. In addition to abiotic transfers and transformations, TRIM.FaTE estimates the uptake of a chemical by terrestrial and aquatic organisms with time. Measures of exposure that TRIM.FaTE can provide include: (1) body burdens or tissue concentrations; (2) doses averaged over any time period; or (3) concentrations of chemicals in abiotic media. The model provides the user with the flexibility to choose the exposure-response thresholds or dose-response relationships that are best suited to data availability, routes of exposure, and the mechanism of toxicity of the chemical to an ecological receptor. One of the challenges of incorporating TRIM.FaTE into a risk assessment methodology lies in defining a streamlined model simulation scenario for initial screening-level risk assessments. These assessments may encompass multiple facilities that emit a variety of pollutants near diverse ecosystems. The information on ecological risk assessment methodology that is described is applicable to the EPA Residual Risk Program with emphasis on multimedia pollutants and the role of TRIM.FaTE.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1999

An interactive multimedia training system for advanced cardiac life support.

This paper describes an Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) training system (ACLSYS) with multimedia and hypertext features for training medical personnel and evaluating their performance during ACLS events. ACLSYS runs in a Windows 95 environment and is written in Visual Basic 4.0 Enterprise Edition and Access 7.0. The system consists of two primary modules: a multimedia training module and a simulation/evaluation module. The training module provides the knowledge and skills required for the appropriate early treatment of cardiopulmonary arrest. The simulation/evaluation module generates randomly an unlimited number of ACLS cases. These cases become part of the training case database and are available for retraining. ACLS certified personnel were included in the validation of the system.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multimedia educational services in stereotactic radiotherapy.

The computer-based learning methods in medicine have been well established as stand-alone learning systems. Recently, these systems were enriched with the use of telematics technology to provide distance learning capabilities. Stereotactic radiotherapy is one of the most representative advanced radiotherapy techniques. Due to the multidisciplinary character of the technique and the rapid evolution of technology implemented, the demands in training have increased. The potential of interactive multimedia and Internet technologies for the achievement of distance learning capabilities in this domain are investigated. The realization of a computer-based educational program in stereotactic radiotherapy in a multimedia format is a new application in the computer-aided distance learning field. The system is built according to a client and server architecture, based on the Internet infrastructure, and composed of server nodes. The impact of the system may be described in terms of: time and transportation costs saving, flexibility in training (scheduling, rate and subject selection), online communication and interaction with experts, cost effective access to material (delivery or access by a large number of users and revision of the material by avoiding high costs of computer-based training systems and database development).

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed2000

A multimedia approach to raising awareness of information and communications technology amongst healthcare professionals.

This study is concerned with the application of advanced multimedia technology to the development of a programme aimed at raising awareness of information and communications technology (ICT) amongst health professionals in Ireland. The programme is delivered in the form of a symposium supplemented by a multimedia CD and associated web site. It examines how ICT can be used effectively in healthcare across all sectors - primary, secondary and tertiary - with a strong emphasis on supporting shared care. The aim is to empower users to make informed technological choices and to actively participate in the exploitation of ICT in the health sector. The programme was successfully completed and delivered to over 2300 health professionals across Ireland and follow-up activities include the active encouragement of leaders and champions within the sector. This will be supported by interactive web-based education and training material focused on specialised topics of particular interest within the broader context of continuing medical education (CME).

Computer Literacy↗
PubMed1998

Providing dermatological photographs using the multimedia extension of the international computer database for radiation accident case histories.

The World Health Organisation (WHO) Radiation Emergency Medical Preparedness (REMPAN) centres have built up the International Computer Database for Radiation Accident Case Histories (ICDREC) to document the medical treatment of acute radiation syndrome (ARS) patients. Images play an increasing role as complementary information beside text and numerical data in medicine. In particular, retrieval and display of digitised skin photographs serve to improve patient care, medical education and scientific analysis concerning the cutaneous radiation syndrome (CRS). The ICDREC has been built up as a client/server system. Particular focus has been set on using commercial off-the-shelf software components. All the medical data including the multimedia data are stored in a relational database system. The database can be accessed by inexpensive personal computers in the physician's workplace. Retrieval of one photograph via local area network (LAN) requires approximately 3 s. Authorised institutions can access the database via the Internet. The current state of the ICDREC multimedia component is illustrated with the skin lesion treatment of a Chernobyl patient. An example is given on how the workflow in a dermatology department is supported by the ICDREC.

Databases, Factual↗
PubMed2003

Expanding the applicability of multimedia fate models to polar organic chemicals.

Reliable estimates of environmental phase partitioning are essential for accurate predictions of the environmental fate of organic chemicals. Current fate and transport models use single-parameter linear free energy relationships (SP-LFERs) to quantify equilibrium phase partitioning. The applicability of such SP-LFERs is limited because no single parameter is able to describe appropriately all the molecular interactions that contribute to environmental phase distribution processes. Environmental partitioning coefficients predicted by SP-LFERs may thus have errors of up to an order of magnitude. Ranges for several environmental partitioning equilibria are identified, where such errors can result in significantly different fate predictions for individual bulk model compartments. We propose that it is possible to reduce such errors and uncertainties by implementing polyparametric LFER (PP-LFER) approaches in multimedia fate models. A level III fugacity model was modified such that the partitioning properties of chemicals are characterized by five linear solvation energy parameters rather than vapor pressure, water solubility, and octanol-water partition coefficient. A comparison of modified and unmodified models for a set of organic chemicals shows that the approach chosen to simulate environmental phase partitioning can have a large impact on model results, including long-range transport potential, overall persistence, and concentrations in various media. It is argued that PP-LFER based environmental fate models are applicable to a much wider range of organic substances, in particular those with polar functional groups. Obstacles to the full implementation of PP-LFER in multimedia fate models are currently the lack of solute descriptors for some chemicals of environmental concern and suitable regression equations for some important environmental phase equilibria, in particular for the partitioning between gas and particle phase in the atmosphere.

Environmental Pollutants↗
PubMed2005

Comparing estimates of persistence and long-range transport potential among multimedia models.

Overall persistence (Pov) and long-range transport potential (LRTP) of organic chemicals are environmental hazard metrics calculated with multimedia fate and transport models. Since there are several models of this type, it is important to know whether and how different model designs (model geometry, selection of compartments and processes, process descriptions) affect the results for Pov and LRTP. Using a set of 3175 hypothetical chemicals covering a broad range of partition coefficients and degradation half-lives, we systematically analyze the Pov and LRTP results obtained with nine multimedia models. We have developed several methods that make it possible to visualize the model results efficiently and to relate differences in model results to mechanistic differences between models. Rankings of the hypothetical chemicals according to Pov and LRTP are highly correlated among models and are largely determined by the chemical properties. Domains of chemical properties in which model differences lead to different results are identified, and guidance on model selection is provided for model users.

Environmental Monitoring↗
PubMed2006

Application of multimedia models for screening assessment of long-range transport potential and overall persistence.

We propose a multimedia model-based methodology to evaluate whether a chemical substance qualifies as POP-like based on overall persistence (Pov) and potential for long-range transport (LRTP). It relies upon screening chemicals against the Pov and LRTP characteristics of selected reference chemicals with well-established environmental fates. Results indicate that chemicals of high and low concern in terms of persistence and long-range transport can be consistently identified by eight contemporary multimedia models using the proposed methodology. Model results for three hypothetical chemicals illustrate that the model-based classification of chemicals according to Pov and LRTP is not always consistent with the single-media half-life approach proposed by the UNEP Stockholm Convention and thatthe models provide additional insight into the likely long-term hazards associated with chemicals in the environment. We suggest this model-based classification method be adopted as a complement to screening against defined half-life criteria at the initial stages of tiered assessments designed to identify POP-like chemicals and to prioritize further environmental fate studies for new and existing chemicals.

Air Movements↗
PubMed2005

Source diagnostics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons based on species ratios: a multimedia approach.

Often, the sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environmental media can be identified by comparing the ratios of concentrations of selected pairs of PAH congeners in the source emissions to the ratios in the contaminated environmental media. However, these ratios can be altered significantly due to differences in the transport of the PAH compounds in a multimedia environment. To examine such changes, a fugacity model was applied to PAH ratios in a model environment. A linear relationship between the rate of emission and the bulk media concentration was identified for each PAH compound in an environmental medium at steady state and was quantified by a receptor-to-source ratio (RRS). It was demonstrated that the RRS values of the two congeners usually differ significantly. Consequentially, PAH ratios changed remarkably from the source emissions to various environmental media. A site-specific rectification factor (RF) was defined as the ratio of the two RRS values of the paired congeners for a specific PAH ratio in a given medium, which can be applied to account for the ratio changes in a multimedia environment. The PAH ratio changes were further verified with the surface soil data collected from Tianjin, China, and the observed changes of PAH ratios were compared favorably with the model predictions. The sensitivity analysis revealed that PAH ratios of the low molecular weight compounds were less stable. The most influential parameters controlling PAH ratios were those pertaining to dry precipitation, surface-to-air diffusion, degradation in air and water, and exchange between water and sediment.

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons↗
PubMed1996

[Teleradiology: use of multimedia PC for access to electronic patient records and teleconsultation].

A PC-platform is presented using internet technology on Ethernet (local) or ISDN (external) for access to digital hospital infrastructures comprising electronic multimedia patient records integrating information systems of all clinical departments. In addition, a videoconferencing system is implemented for teleconsulting, and a document camera allows transmission of analogue data. In combination with the multimedia-PC. Ethernet as well as ISDN offer satisfying performance for transmission of medical data including images. In 20 cases, visualisation of the electronic patient record, an average CT with report and 58 GIFF Images', or transfer of an ACR-NEMA file from CT, took seconds (Ethernet) or up to 3.5 minutes (ISDN - 58 CT images and report).

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Design guidelines for interactive multimedia learning environments to promote social inclusion.

PURPOSE: There is a continuing need for guidelines to aid in the design of Interactive Multimedia Learning Environments (IMLE) to promote effective learning. The project introduced in this paper looks at an important subset of this problem, the design of interactive learning environments to promote social inclusion. METHOD: A consortium of six partners contributed toward defining learning material to develop a range of work based skills, including horticulture, IT and catering. These were then developed into IMLE prototypes. Formative evaluation of these prototypes then revealed a range of usability problems, which were grouped into generic types and frequency of occurrence. RESULTS: The most important and frequently occurring problems were used to distil a set of design guidelines for the development of effective IMLE. The results from this usability content analysis were also used to refine the initial prototypes to improve their usability and effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS: These guidelines, termed the Greenhat Design Guidelines, can be adopted for use by all multimedia developers aiming to promote the social inclusion of vulnerable or socially disadvantaged groups of people. The refined IMLE can be accessed via the Greenhat Server to improve the employment-related skills of socially excluded people.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1997

Computer-assisted self-interviewing: a multimedia approach to dietary assessment.

Currently available dietary assessment tools have limited ability to obtain valid data within the resource constraints of large-scale studies. Many obstacles to gathering data can be overcome with computer-assisted self-interviewing (CASI). Computers can conduct personalized, in-depth interviews without interviewers; provide standardized data collection with appropriate levels of probing; automate data entry; encourage subjects to review and correct inconsistent data; and ensure that responses are complete. Interactive multimedia tools can motivate subjects and improve participation. Visual and aural cues may stimulate recall and improve data quality. CASI is appropriate for use in populations in which literacy is low and in multiple ethnic groups. A prototype CASI diet-history program was developed for use in the United States. The diet-history approach was selected to improve cognitive support and capture information on usual diet. Scripts were based on recorded interviews with dietitians and interviewers from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. At the end of the interview, participants are given information on how their reported nutrient intakes compare with current recommendations for their age and sex. The prototype was tested in focus groups of mixed age, sex, ethnicity, and education, with encouraging results. The development of multimedia-based dietary assessment tools seems a logical next step in improving dietary assessment methods.

Computers↗
PubMed1994

Computer-based multimedia in plastic surgery education.

Computer animation complements text explanation, image documentation, and graphic analysis techniques. It is compatible with the development of interactive multimedia science. Computer animation may emerge as a critical tool to assist in the efficient processing and analysis of greater volumes of educational data in plastic surgery training. At St. Louis University, we have continuously developed multimedia plastic surgery teaching materials with full-fidelity digital sound, three-dimensional computer graphics, and "picture-in-picture" video capabilities since 1987. We have used these materials, many of which are illustrated in this paper, for patient informed consent and the education of medical students and residents.

Computers↗