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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Curriculum revolution: realities of change.

This article describes the experience of a generic nursing baccalaureate program's shift from a Tylerian model to a humanistic-educative model. A shift to a humanistic-educative model required a change in views, beliefs, and values of education and nursing practice. Kuhn's (1962) model for paradigm shift is used as a framework for presenting the stages of change which occurred, beginning with considerations to change the old curriculum model and continuing through implementation of the new. The issues which surfaced during implementation are presented. The struggles and realities of change are discussed in terms of how they affected and influenced this department of nursing's move to a new paradigm.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1993

Preceptor workshops: a collaborative model.

Educational programs for nurses are becoming increasingly reliant on clinicians in hospitals and other health care agencies to act as preceptors for their students. Often there is no formal preparation for this role, nor are rewards provided by the educational institutions. This paper describes a collaborative effort between a university and a college program to prepare and reward nurses who work as preceptors with students in their settings.

Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate↗
PubMed1998

Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model for educational simulations.

Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) models play an important role in educational simulations. The parameters of PK-PD models described in the scientific literature are obtained from studies in which the drug concentrations and the drug-effect data are measured simultaneously. Simultaneous PK-PD studies cannot be expected to incorporate all possible combinations of drugs and patient physiology that are desired for educational simulations. To solve this problem, we elaborate on the traditional simultaneous PK-PD model, creating a new model that accepts parameter data from different, more readily available, nonsimultaneous pharmacologic studies. These data are incorporated in the model using a novel estimation procedure for the parameters kc0 and EC50. A sensitivity analysis of the parameter estimation procedure confirms that the time of peak effect following a bolus and the dose-response curve are accurately reflected by the new model. It also demonstrates how inconsistencies among the different parameter sets affect simulation of the recovery phase. The model is extended to incorporate any monotonic parametric or nonparametric dose-response curve. For the neuromuscular relaxant vecuronium, we demonstrate that data from different pharmacologic studies are available, and that the described estimation procedure leads to parameter estimates that are within the standard deviations of the parameters determined in a simultaneous PK-PD study.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1997

A model of educational resource use by children with cochlear implants.

We have tracked patterns of use of educational and rehabilitative resources as part of an initial assessment of cost-benefit ratios of cochlear implants in children. Forty-two children with cochlear implants in the Listening Center at Johns Hopkins program of aural rehabilitation have served as our study cohort to develop the measures to be assessed. An educational resource matrix stratifies school setting (residential vs special education vs non-specialized "mainstream" setting) and levels of rehabilitative support (speech and language therapy and interpreter use) to map past and current use of these services. Initial cost-benefit projections based on observed advancement toward educational independence in the educational resource matrix indicate an extremely favorable net present value of the implant (cost savings minus cost). These cost-benefit projections will need to be supplemented with measures of the impact on quality of life and future educational and vocational options to determine the overall cost-effectiveness of cochlear implants in children.

Baltimore↗
PubMed2003

An investigation into the perceptions of primary care practitioners of their education and development needs for communicating with patients who may not be fluent in English.

This paper reports on an empirical research project that assessed educational needs of primary care practitioners for communicating with minority ethnic patients who are not fluent in English. The qualitative study was carried out in general practice settings in a northern inner city locality. Discrepancies are highlighted between patient and practitioner understandings, and between educational models and practitioner views. Educational needs are identified to enhance practitioners' specific skills, knowledge of patient perspectives, and self-awareness. Organisational influences on communication are explored. Key arguments are that "transcultural" educational models should be used critically, and education should enable practitioners to integrate their personal coping strategies with structured practice development planning.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2001

Continuing medical education, needs assessment, and program development: theoretical constructs.

Continuing medical education (CME) program development and needs assessment have historically been practiced within the tradition of Ralph Tyler's education model. In light of transformational social, political, economic, and technical forces that demand greater account-ability and responsiveness from physicians, CME units are challenged to transform their cultures and structures from models that deliver education to models that support the facilitation of learning for enhanced competence and performance. This article describes key change forces for physicians and brings program development and needs assessment into focus for the discussion. The impact of change forces on program development and needs assessment are examined, and some techniques to move beyond the traditional approach of felt needs are presented as a way of enabling strategic administrative planning and change management.

Curriculum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Senior studies--a model of retirement scientific continuing education for elderly adults].

Against the background of a changing situation of "older adults" within a changing society, and proceeding from the historical development of "Opening the Universities to Elderly People" in the Federal Republic of Germany, the university-specific objective of studies for elderly people at university was worked out. It is the universities' task to develop education models and prototypes for cooperation with elderly people within the field of applied education and socialization research for tertiary socialization (sociogeragogy). This kind of study, as further education for elderly persons, is closely connected with teaching and research. Aspects of education and socialization reflecting the progress of the elderly persons, as well as methods of such educational work, explain this connection, including the development of a transpersonal identity. The task of the European cooperation of those universities which are working on such programs in order to open the universities to elderly people, is also discussed.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Working model of patient-health education.

Health education and patient education have become an integral part of health promotion in the health-care system. Allied health-care professionals as health-team members need to become aware of health education. A health education model is presented to help provide some of the needed understanding.

Awareness↗
PubMed2007

Interdisciplinary innovations in biomedical and health informatics graduate education.

OBJECTIVES: Biomedical and health informatics (BHI) is a rapidly growing domain that relies on the active collaboration with diverse disciplines and professions. Educational initiatives in BHI need to prepare students with skills and competencies that will allow them to function within and even facilitate interdisciplinary teams (IDT). This paper describes an interdisciplinary educational approach introduced into a BHI graduate curriculum that aims to prepare informatics researchers to lead IDT research. METHODS: A case study of the "gerontechnology" research track is presented which highlights how the curriculum fosters collaboration with and understanding of the disciplines of Nursing, Engineering, Computer Science, and Health Administration. Gerontechnology is a new interdisciplinary field that focuses on the use of technology to support aging. Its aim is to explore innovative ways to use information technology and develop systems that support independency and increase quality of life for senior citizens. As a result of a large research group that explores "smart home" technologies and the use of information technology, we integrated this new domain into the curriculum providing a platform for computer scientists, engineers, nurses and physicians to explore challenges and opportunities with our informatics students and faculty. RESULTS: The interdisciplinary educational model provides an opportunity for health informatics students to acquire the skills for communication and collaboration with other disciplines. Numerous graduate and postgraduate students have already participated in this initiative. The evaluation model of this approach is presented. CONCLUSION: Interdisciplinary educational models are required for health informatics graduate education. Such models need to be innovative and reflect the needs and trends in the domains of health care and information technology.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Medical students' motivation for internal medicine.

OBJECTIVE: To verify that motivational concepts tested in other educational settings are relevant to understanding medical students' choice of a career in internal medicine. More specifically, to compare the effects of "facilitating students' interest" versus "controlling students' learning" as educational models during the internal medicine clerkship. DESIGN: An observational retrospective study of 89 fourth-year medical students. Structural equation modeling compared the two models statistically. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Student choice of internal medicine residency. RESULTS: Instructors who supported students' autonomy engendered in students greater feelings of competence and interest in internal medicine than did controlling instructors. Perceived competence further enhanced students' interest in internal medicine. In turn, interest predicted students' choosing an internal medicine residency. Overall, the facilitating students' interest model better explained students' choice of internal medicine than did the controlling students' learning model. CONCLUSIONS: The results verify that the nature of the learning climate during the internal medicine clerkship is an important predictor of students' subsequent pursuit of internal medicine training. Instructors who teach in an autonomy-supportive manner enhance students' perceived competence and interest in internal medicine, which increases the likelihood they will select an internal medicine residency.

Career Choice↗
PubMed2004

Improving the diabetes-patient encounter by reflective tutoring for staff.

There is relative consensus about the advantages of patient-centred consultations. However, they have not been easy to realise in clinical praxis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether an intervention focused on health care professionals' understanding of the diabetes-patient encounter could facilitate a patient-centred way to encounter these patients. Two GPs and two nurses participated in the year-long intervention. The intervention focused on the staff's understanding of the encounter. Staff video recorded four to five encounters each and reflected together with a supervisor on their understanding of the encounters and how they were conducted. The encounters were analysed with the Verona-MICS/Dr coding system and patients' comments were analysed separately. The content of the consultations and how they were conducted was also assessed. There was a significant change of two patient-centred items by the staff over time. Two staff seemed to change their educational model. Modern theories of competence development seem to be useful in clinical settings.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The "Roaring Adventures of Puff": a childhood asthma education program.

The "Roaring Adventures of Puff" (RAP) is a childhood asthma education program that targets children 7 to 12 years of age and their families. This program is designed to improve the quality of life of these children and improve asthma management for optimal asthma control. The program uses interactive educational strategies based on the principles of the Social Cognitive Theory. The article highlights aspects of the theory, provides an overview of the RAP program, and outlines some of the practical components of the program. RAP is an innovative program that is adaptable to a variety of settings and may serve as a health education model for children.

Asthma↗
PubMed1999

Influencing prescribing for urinary tract infection and asthma in primary care in Sweden: a randomized controlled trial of an interactive educational intervention.

Our aim was to evaluate effects on prescribing for urinary tract infection (UTI) and asthma, of an education with messages based on national guidelines, aimed at improving prescribing in primary care in Sweden. The study is part of the European Drug Education Project. A randomized controlled trial, with groups of general practitioners (GPs) allocated to education on UTI (18 groups, 104 GPs) or asthma (18 groups, 100 GPs), the two parallel intervention arms being controls for each other. Feedback was provided on the GP's judgments of simulated cases and prescribing. Prescribing indicators were developed and measured before and after the intervention. Analysis was performed by multi-level technique. Prescribing of first choice UTI drugs increased in the intervention arm from 52% to 70% and remained constant in the control arm (P < 0.001). The proportion of patients receiving an inhaled corticosteroid increased insignificantly in both study arms. The educational model can be used to improve prescribing. Further studies are needed to define when the model is effective.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Training military medics as civilian prehospital care providers in Southern Sudan.

OBJECTIVE: To describe and evaluate a training program to teach civilian prehospital care to military medics in the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA). METHODS: Forty-one SPLA military personnel with variable prior medical experience participated in the course. Pre- and postintervention tests were used to evaluate participant knowledge and skill level, and test results were compared using paired t-tests. RESULTS: An intensive 40-hour course consisting of didactic teaching sessions, small-group discussions, and practical skill stations was completed during November 1997. Thirty-seven participants successfully completed the program. Four medics with significant prior experience were trained as teaching assistants. The pretest scores for the other 33 participants ranged from 25.0% to 75.0% (SD 12.4). The posttest scores ranged from 25.0% to 87.5% (SD 15.2), with a mean improvement in test scores of 35.0% (p < 0.0005). The most striking improvements were noted in the knowledge of subjects related to wound care, hemorrhage, and head trauma. CONCLUSIONS: A field medic training program in Southern Sudan was conducted utilizing an interactive training curriculum. This program may serve as an educational model to teach prehospital care principles in other areas of international conflict.

Emergency Medical Technicians↗
PubMed2003

Conference summary, Strategic Science symposium. Her-2/neu testing of breast cancer patients in clinical practice.

CONTEXT: Practicing pathologists often encounter controversial clinical issues and nonstandardized laboratory approaches to the evolving science of predictive/prognostic tumor marker assays. This dilemma becomes especially acute when the assay is the sole determinant for selection of a specific therapy. OBJECTIVES: To summarize the areas of practical agreement and identify opportunities for improvement in Her-2/neu testing of breast cancer. DESIGN: The College of American Pathologists created a new comprehensive education model, called Strategic Science, with expert speakers integrating new and evolving basic, clinical, and scientific issues of Her-2/neu testing with aspects of laboratory management. SETTING: Symposium held May 4 and 5, 2002, in Rosemont, Ill. PARTICIPANTS: Ten speakers and more than 100 attendees. RESULTS: Components addressed were new technology assessment, practice guidelines, quality assurance, regulatory compliance, risk and liability, billing and coding, cost analysis, consultation, information management, and results reporting. CONCLUSIONS: This Strategic Science symposium derived areas of practical agreement, defined the current state-of-the-art, and identified areas for improvement in Her-2/neu testing.

Algorithms↗