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PubMed2001

Electromagnetic field of mobile phones affects visual event related potential in patients with narcolepsy.

The effects of the mobile phone (MP) electromagnetic fields on electroencephalography (EEG) and event-related potentials (ERP) were examined. With regard to the reported effects of MP on sleep, 22 patients with narcolepsy-cataplexy were exposed or sham exposed for 45 min to the MP (900 MHz, specific absorption rate 0.06 W/kg) placed close to the right ear in a double blind study. There were no changes of the EEG recorded after the MP exposure. A subgroup of 17 patients was studied on visual ERP recorded during the MP exposure. Using an adapted "odd-ball" paradigm, each patient was instructed to strike a key whenever rare target stimuli were presented. There were three variants of target stimuli (horizontal stripes in (i) left, (ii) right hemifields or (iii) whole field of the screen). The exposure enhanced the positivity of the ERP endogenous complex solely in response to target stimuli in the right hemifield of the screen (P < 0.01). The reaction time was shortened by 20 ms in response to all target stimuli (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the electromagnetic field of MP may suppress the excessive sleepiness and improve performance while solving a monotonous cognitive task requiring sustained attention and vigilance.

Brain Mapping↗
PubMed2004

Cadmium sorption in biosolids amended soils: results from a field trial.

The effect of biosolids amendment on cadmium sorption coefficient (K(d)) was determined for soils in a biosolids field trial. The sorptive properties of biosolids are thought to have a significant controlling effect upon the availability/uptake and mobility of potentially toxic metals. K(d) values for the three biosolids were 10-30 times greater than those for unamended soil. Elevated K(d) values were still apparent 1 and 2 years after biosolids amendment (100 t ha(-1)) for two of the three biosolids. Chemical extractants (sodium hypochlorite and hydrofluoric acid, respectively) were used in an attempt to determine K(d) values of isolated inorganic and organic fractions. For both biosolids amended soils and unamended controls, Cd sorption appeared to be dominated by the inorganic fraction, potentially indicating the overriding importance of this fraction in controlling metal mobility. However, for the biosolids themselves, the sum of inorganic and organic fraction contributions to K(d) accounted for less than half the K(d) of the whole biosolids. This discrepancy was attributed to the loss of highly sorptive water soluble species in both chemical extractions.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1988

Adsorption of cations to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate.

We investigated the binding of physiologically and pharmacologically relevant ions to the phosphoinositides by making 31P NMR, electrophoretic mobility, surface potential, and calcium activity measurements. We studied the binding of protons to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) by measuring the effect of pH on the chemical shifts of the 31P NMR signals from the two monoester phosphate groups of PIP2. We studied the binding of potassium, calcium, magnesium, spermine, and gentamicin ions to the phosphoinositides by measuring the effect of these cations on the electrophoretic mobility of multilamellar vesicles formed from mixtures of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and either phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, or PIP2; the adsorption of these cations depends on the surface potential of the membrane and can be described qualitatively by combining the Gouy-Chapman theory with Langmuir adsorption isotherms. Monovalent anionic phospholipids, such as phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol, produce a negative electrostatic potential at the cytoplasmic surface of plasma membranes of erythrocytes, platelets, and other cells. When the electrostatic potential at the surface of a PC/PIP2 bilayer membrane is -30 mV and the aqueous phase contains 0.1 M KCl at pH 7.0, PIP2 binds about one hydrogen and one potassium ion and has a net charge of about -3. Our mobility, surface potential, and electrode measurements suggest that a negligible fraction of the PIP2 molecules in a cell bind calcium ions, but a significant fraction may bind magnesium and spermine ions.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1990

Mobilizing self-care resources: a nursing intervention for hypertension.

This study was undertaken to assess the potential for mobilizing self-care resources in 10 persons with hypertension. Modeling and role-modeling theory provided the conceptual base for the experimental group. Ten persons with hypertension were matched with a comparison group. The results provide some evidence that theoretically sound nursing interventions can assist clients to mobilize self-care resources needed to enhance their well-being. Although further research with larger, randomly assigned samples is indicated, these findings suggest that nursing the person rather than the symptom might help people with hypertension contend with stressors, reduce stress, and deal with loss and grief.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The sieving of rod-shaped viruses during agarose gel electrophoresis. I. Comparison with the sieving of spheres.

The sieving of rod-shaped viruses during agarose gel electrophoresis is quantitatively analyzed here with a previously proposed model [G. A. Griess et al. (1989) Biopolymers, 28, 1475-1484] that has one radius (PE) of the effective pore at each concentration of gel. By use of this model and an internal spherical size standard, a plot of electrophoretic mobility vs agarose percentage is converted to a plot of the radius of the effective sphere (effective radius) vs PE. Experimentally, when the concentration of the rod-shaped bacteriophage, fd, is progressively increased, eventually the electrophoretic mobility of fd becomes dependent on its concentration. The concentration of fd at which this occurs decreases as the agarose concentration decreases. After avoiding this dependence on the concentration of sample, the effective radius of rod-shaped particles, including bacteriophage fd, length variants of fd, and length variants of tobacco mosaic virus, is found to increase as PE increases until a plateau of approximately constant maximum effective radius is reached at PcE. In the region of this plateau, the effective sphere's measure that best approximates that of the rod is surface area. However, significant disagreement with the data exists for surface area; the maximum effective radius for fd varies as (length)0.69. For fd and its length variants, the value of 2.PcE/length increases from 0.21 to 0.86 as the length decreases from 2808 to 367 nm. The dependence of effective radius on PE and the proximity of 2.PcE to the length of the rod are explained by (a) random orientation of rods at PE values in the region of the plateau, and (b) increasingly preferential end-first orientation (reptation) of the rod as PE decreases below PcE. This hypothesis of reptation is supported by a significant dependence of electrophoretic mobility on electrical potential gradient for a PE below, but not above, PcE. The dependence of 2.PcE/length on length is not rigorously understood, but is qualitatively explained by flexibility of the rods. This apparent flexibility has thus far prevented determination of a rod's axial ratio from quantitation of sieving during agarose gel electrophoresis. The electrical potential dependence of electrophoretic mobility is determined here by a procedure of two-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis. This procedure is also useful for detecting rod-shaped particles in heterogeneous mixtures of predominantly spherical particles.

Bacteriophages↗
PubMed1998

Conformational interconversions in peptide beta-turns: analysis of turns in proteins and computational estimates of barriers.

The two most important beta-turn features in peptides and proteins are the type I and type II turns, which differ mainly in the orientation of the central peptide unit. Facile conformational interconversion is possible, in principle, by a flip of the central peptide unit. Homologous crystal structures afford an opportunity to structurally characterize both possible conformational states, thus allowing identification of sites that are potentially stereochemically mobile. A representative data set of 250 high-resolution (</=2.0 A), non-homologous protein crystal structures and corresponding variant and homologous entries, obtained from the Brookhaven Protein Data Bank, was examined to identify turns that are assigned different conformational types (type I/type II) in related structures. A total of 55 examples of beta-turns were identified as possible candidates for a stereochemically mobile site. Of the 55 examples, 45 could be classified as a potential site for interconversion between type I and type II beta-turns, while ten correspond to flips from type I' to type II' structures. As a further check, the temperature factors of the central peptide unit carbonyl oxygen atom of the 55 examples were examined. The analysis reveals that the turn assignments are indeed reliable. Examination of the secondary structures at the flanking positions of the flippable beta-turns reveals that seven examples occur in the loop region of beta-hairpins, indicating that the formation of ordered secondary structures on either side of the beta-turn does not preclude local conformational variations. In these beta-turns, Pro (11 examples), Lys (nine examples) and Ser (seven examples) were most often found at the i+1 position. Glycine was found to occur overwhelmingly at position i+2 (28 examples), while Ser (seven examples) and Asn (six examples) were amongst the most frequent residues. Activation energy barriers for the interconversion between type I and type II beta-turns were computed using the peptide models Ac-Pro-Aib-NHMe and Ac-Pro-Gly-NHMe within the framework of the AM1 semi-empirical molecular orbital procedure. In order to have a uniform basis for comparison and to eliminate the distracting influence of the deviation of backbone dihedral angles from that expected for ideal beta-turns, the dihedral angles phii+1 and psii+2 were fixed at the ideal values (phii+1=-60 degrees and psii+2=0 degrees). The other two angles (psii+1 and phii+2) were varied systematically to go from type II to type I beta-turn structures. The computational results suggest that there exists one stereospecific, concerted flip of the central peptide unit involving correlated single bond rotation that can occur with an activation barrier of the order of 3 kcal/mol. The results presented here suggest that conformational variations in beta-turns are observed in protein crystal structures and such changes may be an important dynamic feature in solution.

Models, Chemical↗
PubMed2007

Mapping carbon monoxide using GPS tracked sensors.

In this paper we discuss a pilot study where we have mapped urban air pollution using mobile carbon monoxide (CO) sensors. Our objective is to use inexpensive Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers to track the sensors and explore CO variations at a fine geographic scale. The critical issue in data processing is the treatment of the imprecise logs from the GPS. By using knowledge about the route and the geometry of the buildings, we are able to increase the position accuracy significantly, while at the same time showing that certain events, such as CO profiles while crossing roads, can be detected with a high degree of accuracy. Comparisons between data from our own mobile sensors and a fixed sensor site show good agreement in the vicinity of the fixed sensor, while at the same time identifying significant CO peaks within 100 m of this location. Using the mobile sensors to collect data along two of the main roads in the area, we are able to show CO variations along an urban canyon for parallel and perpendicular wind directions. Finally, a number of significant sources of CO were discovered during the course of the study, which suggest possible locations for fixed sensor sites in the future. We conclude by discussing the results in the context of the push towards large sensor networks and mobile communications. The potential for ad hoc mobile sensor networks may be very large.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1982

A model for assessing potential adaptation to stress.

The purposes of this study were to determine if hospitalized medical-surgical patients could be classified reliably according to their potential to adapt to stress; and to explore the relationship between their adaptive potential and length of hospital stay. Forty-six patients were selected for participation by use of a table of random numbers. Three classes of significantly different adaptive potential were identified: the Alarm and Impoverished states were considered as stress states, while the state of Equilibrium was considered a nonstress state. Although it was possible to distinguish stress from nonstress states, using only physiological parameters, psychological parameters were required to distinguish between the two stress states. The differentiation among the three coping states was used to predict subjects' potential for mobilizing adaptive resources. Length of hospitalization was then related to classification of adaptive potential.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

Kinetics of engraftment of CD34(-) and CD34(+) cells from mobilized blood differs from that of CD34(-) and CD34(+) cells from bone marrow.

OBJECTIVE: Mobilized peripheral blood (PB) progenitors are increasingly used in autologous and allogeneic transplantation. However, the short- and long-term engraftment potential of mobilized PB or bone marrow (BM) has not been directly compared. Although several studies showed that BM-derived Lin(-)CD34(-) cells contain hemopoietic progenitors, no studies have addressed whether Lin(-)CD34(-) cells from mobilized PB contain hemopoietic progenitors. Here, we compared the short- and long-term engraftment potential of CD34(+) cells and Lin(-)CD34(-) cells in BM and PB of normal donors who received 5 days of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 35 x 10(3) CD34(+) or Lin(-)CD34(-) cells from G-CSF mobilized BM and PB of normal donors were transplanted in 60-day-old fetal sheep. Animals were evaluated 2 and 6 months after transplantation for human hemopoietic cells. In addition, cells recovered after 2 months from fetal sheep were serially passaged to secondary and tertiary recipients to assess long-term engrafting cells. RESULTS: Mobilized PB CD34(+) cells supported earlier development of human hemopoiesis than BM CD34(+) cells. When serially transferred to secondary and tertiary recipients, earlier exhaustion of human hematopoiesis was seen for PB than BM CD34(+) cells. A similar degree of chimerism was seen for Lin(-)CD34(-) cells from PB or BM in primary recipients. We again observed earlier exhaustion of human hemopoiesis with serial transplantation of PB than BM Lin(-)CD34(-) cells. CONCLUSIONS: Differences exist in the short- and long-term repopulating ability of cells in PB and BM from G-CSF mobilized normal donors, and this is independent of the phenotype. Studies are ongoing to examine if this reflects intrinsic differences in the repopulating potential between progenitors from PB and BM, or a lower frequency of long-term repopulating cells in PB than BM CD34(+) and Lin(-)CD34(-) cells, that may not be apparent if larger numbers of cells are transplanted.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in healthy subjects.

Cytokine treatment is used increasingly for granulocyte and stem cell collection from healthy donors. This manuscript reviews the current literature on recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF)-induced expansion of circulating leukocytes, lymphocyte subsets, monocytes and granulocytes. There is a particular focus on the mobilization and peripheralization of stem cells, including quantitative and and kinetic aspects, the clonogenic potential of mobilized stem cells, and the rhG-CSF dose dependency of mobilization efficiency, RhG-CSF given to healthy individuals also affects the cytokine profile of mobilized and collected T cells, which after allotransplantation, might positively affect the incidence and severity of GVHD. Short- and long-term side-effects of rhG-CSF given to healthy individuals are discussed together with a consensus reached on safety considerations for healthy blood stem cell donors.

Blood Donors↗
PubMed2005

Mesenchymal stem cells derived from CD133-positive cells in mobilized peripheral blood and cord blood: proliferation, Oct4 expression, and plasticity.

In this study, we used a common procedure to assess the potential of mobilized peripheral blood (MPB) and umbilical cord blood (UCB) as sources of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in comparison with bone marrow (BM). We tested three methods: plastic adhesion supplemented with 5% of BM-MSC conditioned medium, unsupplemented plastic adhesion, and selection of CD133-positive cells. MSCs derived from MPB or UCB are identified by their positive expression of mesenchymal (SH2, SH3) and negative expression of hematopoietic markers (CD14, CD34, CD45, HLA-DR). We observed that the CD133-positive cell fraction contains more MSCs with high proliferative potential. Placed in appropriate conditions, these cells proved their capacity to differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes, chondrocytes, and neuronal/glial cells. MPB- and UCB-MSCs express Oct4, a transcriptional binding factor present in undifferentiated cells with high proliferative capacity. The selection of CD133-positive cells enabled us to obtain a homogeneous population of MSCs from UCB and MPB. These sources may have a major clinical importance thanks to their easy accessibility.

AC133 Antigen↗
PubMed1994

Identification of a new transposon Tn5403 in a Klebsiella pneumoniae strain isolated from a polluted aquatic environment.

A Klebsiella pneumoniae strain having mobilization "helper" potential has been isolated from the river Rhine. Analysis of the transconjugants resulting from the mobilization of non-conjugative pBR-type plasmids and RSF1010 derivatives showed that the transfer-helper capacity of the K. pneumoniae strain is related to the presence of a Tn3-like transposable element, Tn5403. This element has been identified and localized in a plasmid.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Vascular smooth muscle cell-derived, Gla-containing growth-potentiating factor for Ca(2+)-mobilizing growth factors.

Proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) is triggered by two types of growth factors. One activates tyrosine kinase-type receptors and the other activates G-protein-coupled receptors. We found that a conditioned medium of rat VSMC contained a growth-potentiating activity for the latter type of growth factor, and we purified a 70-kDa growth-potentiating factor (GPF) from the conditioned medium. Analyses of GPF and its cDNA revealed GPF to be a gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein encoded by a growth arrest-specific gene, gas6, which related to protein S. GPF specifically potentiated cell proliferation mediated by Ca(2+)-mobilizing receptors. The presence of a specific binding site suggests that the effect of GPF is mediated by a receptor. Thus, GPF may be a new type of extracellular factor regulating VSMC proliferation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

IL-13 increases the cPLA2 gene and protein expression and the mobilization of arachidonic acid during an inflammatory process in mouse peritoneal macrophages.

Pretreatment of mouse peritoneal macrophages with interleukin-13 (IL-13) potentiates the mobilization of arachidonic acid (AA) and the production of HETEs but does not affect the production of cyclooxygenase metabolites triggered by the suboptimal concentration of an inflammatory agonist (opsonized-zymosan). Cycloheximide suppresses these effects of IL-13 suggesting that de novo protein synthesis is involved. Indeed, IL-13 induces a time-dependent increase in the levels of cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) protein and mRNA. This study demonstrates a new pathway for IL-13 to modulate the inflammatory process in macrophages via modifications of cPLA2 expression and subsequent AA mobilization.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Conserved regions of potential ORF1 protein products of mobile elements and retroviral proteins, encoded by the gag gene].

Computer search for homology regions of retroelement ORF1 protein products and retroviral gag-encoded proteins was performed using nucleotide and protein sequences of 113 retrotransposons, conservative domains were found in amino acid sequences encoded by viral gene gag: 22 and 17 amino acid residues in capsid and nucleocapsid proteins, respectively. Similar regions were found in potential protein products of ORF1. Another conservative region was revealed by multiple alignment in amino acid sequences of potential protein products of ORF1 of mobile elements and in p19 matrix protein of some retroviruses; this region is different in mobile elements from different classes, but within each class it shows high similarity. The secondary structure of this region is an alpha-helix.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2003

Levels and speciation of heavy metals in soils of industrial Southern Nigeria.

A knowledge of the total content of trace metals is not enough to fully assess the environmental impact of polluted soils. For this reason, the determination of metal species in solution is important to evaluate their behaviour in the environment and their mobilization capacity. Sequential extraction procedure was used to speciate five heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni and Zn) from four contaminated soils of Southern Nigeria into six operationally defined geochemical species: water soluble, enchangeable, carbonates, Fe-Mn oxide, organic and residual. Metal recoveries were within +/- 10% of the independently determined total Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni and Zn concentrations. The highest amount of Cd (avg. 30%) in the nonresidual fractions was found in the exchangeable fraction, while Cu and Zn were significantly associated with the organic fraction. The carbonate fraction contained on average 14, 18.6, 12.6, 13 and 11% and the residual fraction contained on average 47, 18, 33, 50 and 25% of Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni and Zn respectively. Assuming that mobility and bioavailability of these metals are related to the solubility of the geochemical form of the metals, and that they decrease in the order of extraction sequence, the apparent mobility and potential bioavailability for these five metals in the soil were: Pb > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cd. The mobility indexes of copper and nickel correlated positively and significantly with the total content of metals, while mobility indexes of cadmium and zinc correlated negatively and significantly with the total content of metals.

Environmental Monitoring↗
PubMed2002

High-mobility group-I/Y proteins: Potential role in the pathophysiology of critical illnesses.

High-mobility group (HMG) proteins are architectural factors that have been shown to play a role in the transcriptional regulation of various mammalian genes. One family of HMG proteins, HMG-I/Y, is known to facilitate the initiation of gene transcription by modifying the conformation of DNA and recruiting transcription factors into an organized complex on transcriptional regulatory regions of specific genes. In many circumstances, the nuclear factor-kappaB family of transcription factors is involved in gene regulation that is mediated by HMG-I/Y. We will review the mechanisms by which HMG-I/Y proteins regulate gene transcription, give an overview of selected genes regulated by HMG-I/Y, summarize the potential roles of these genes in critical illnesses, and provide more detailed information about the role of HMG-I/Y in the regulation of nitric oxide synthase-2 during an inflammatory response, such as endotoxemia/sepsis.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

High-mobility group-I/Y proteins: potential role in the pathophysiology of critical illnesses.

High-mobility group (HMG) proteins are architectural factors that have been shown to play a role in the transcriptional regulation of various mammalian genes. One family of HMG proteins, HMG-I/Y, is known to facilitate the initiation of gene transcription by modifying the conformation of DNA and recruiting transcription factors into an organized complex on transcriptional regulatory regions of specific genes. In many circumstances, the nuclear factor-kappa B family of transcription factors is involved in gene regulation that is mediated by HMG-I/Y. We will review the mechanisms by which HMG-I/Y proteins regulate gene transcription, give an overview of selected genes regulated by HMG-I/Y, summarize the potential roles of these genes in critical illnesses, and provide more detailed information about the role of HMG-I/Y in the regulation of nitric oxide synthase-2 during an inflammatory response, such as endotoxemia/sepsis.

Animals↗