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"This contribution will try, on one hand, to take stock of the past [European Community] policy on migration and on the other hand to provide the basic elements which are shaping a future potentially common (or partly common) policy, carried out either through intergovernmental cooperation or community legislation or both." Pertinent treaties and legislation are also described.
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It is generally stated that Bill 101 (The French Language Charter) passed in 1977 provoked an exodus of the English speaking population in Quebec. A review of past data from the Canadian Censuses shows that the propensity to leave Quebec has always been greater for the Anglophones than for the Francophones. Family allowance records have enabled Canada to retrace the outgoing population since 1974. Although it is true that between 1977-79 both the proportion and the number of English speaking migrants were greater than before, the levels then dropped and for the next 4 years became camparable to the ones observed in the past, although Bill 101 is still in force.
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"New Zealand's immigration intake is small by the standards of the main immigrant receiving nations and many of her immigrants are subsequently lost through the process of re-emigration. Nevertheless, changes in New Zealand immigration policy over the last 10 years have been profound. This article is the first of a two-part history of these changes."
"This paper studies the settlement of the immigrants from the poor areas of China in the aid-the-poor program, which is a government program providing assistance for poor areas of China. The layout and construction of the new immigrant community and the steps necessary for the creation of an immigrant settlement are also discussed in this paper."
The author describes and compares land settlement in various developing countries, focusing on the movement of people to underutilized agricultural areas. "The purpose of this article is fourfold: first, to discuss the performance of settlement programmes, concentrating on the extent to which they have achieved their population redistribution and other objectives; second, to analyse major economic and social problems confronting them; third, to identify factors that have contributed to their success or failure; and, fourth, to assess alternative policy options." This analysis of land settlement programs "suggests that so far they have made no more than a modest contribution to the solution of the problems of population distribution, unemployment and poverty."
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Urbanization in developing socialist countries (DSC) is described and compared with urban growth in market-economy countries. The author finds that "the common characteristics of DSC urbanization are mainly composed of two...factors: firstly, they all use a similar set of economic development models. This set of models is different from the development models of capitalist countries. Secondly, compared with population movement in a so-called 'state of anarchy' in an urban economy, socialist countries stress that population movement, just like the deployment of other productive force elements, must submit to central economic planning, and population movement should occur in a 'planned' way."
This paper examines the policy context of the rise in the international mobility and migration of nurses. It describes the profile of the migration of nurses and the policy context governing the international recruitment of nurses to five countries: Australia, Ireland, Norway, the United Kingdom, and the United States. We also examine the policy challenges for workforce planning and the design of health systems infrastructure. Data are derived from registries of professional nurses, censuses, interviews with key informants, case studies in source and destination countries, focus groups, and empirical modelling to examine the patterns and implications of the movement of nurses across borders. The flow of nurses to these destination countries has risen, in some cases quite substantially. Recruitment from lower-middle income countries and low-income countries, as defined by The World Bank, dominate trends in nurse migration to the United Kingdom, Ireland, and the United States, while Norway and Australia, primarily register nurses from other high-income countries. Inadequate data systems in many countries prevent effective monitoring of these workforce flows. Policy options to manage nurse migration include: improving working conditions in both source and destination countries, instituting multilateral agreements to manage the flow more effectively, and developing compensation arrangements between source and destination countries. Recommendations for enhancements to workforce data systems are provided.
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"This article conducts analyses of the demographic characteristics, working conditions, and welfare of the immigrant laborers currently employed in some of the enterprises in Shanghai [China], based on survey data collected on the immigrant population at the end of 1993 and a sample survey in five enterprises in Shanghai. The article also makes suggestions for the future management and utilization of immigrant labor in Shanghai."
"The purpose of this paper is to analyse the main characteristics of the reintegration process of Chilean exiles returning to their country: the voluntary repatriation process of those who left Chile in 1973 when a military coup overthrew the democratically elected government, and who began to return to Chile in 1978, especially after 1990 with the re-establishment of democracy. Data have been obtained from secondary sources (publications, working papers, institutional documents), official publications provided by governmental agencies, and informal interviews with professionals assisting the returned population. The research was undertaken in situ in Santiago, Chile, during May and June 1992." (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA)
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