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PubMed1986

A microcomputer system for video image analysis and diagnostic microdensitometry.

A system for microdensitometry based on a microcomputer, video digitizer and solid-state camera has been developed. Image analysis and densitometry are achieved with convenient control over image editing and calibration. The linear photometric properties of the imaging device enable measurements of high accuracy. The system has proven to give rapid and repeatable performance for determining DNA content distribution from measurements of Feulgen-stained cell nuclei. The results show that a practical image analysis microdensitometer can be designed using a readily available microcomputer. The low cost and simple operation are of benefit for diagnostic applications in which flow cytometry is not possible, the time required for microscope photometry is too great or an automated image analyzer and support staff are not available.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The Medical Gopher--a microcomputer system to help find, organize and decide about patient data.

We have developed a microcomputer-based medical workstation that does some of physicians' "gopher" work of fetching, organizing, reviewing and recording. For two years physicians have used the first version of this system to order all diagnostic tests in a general medicine clinic. They are about to use a newer version to write prescriptions and office visit notes and to find general medical and patient-specific information. Users can enter data into this system by "pointing" with a "mouse" to menu items displayed on a video terminal. In the course of a computer activity, a physician can obtain information about drugs, tests and different diagnoses, as well as about the patient. The microcomputer workstations are linked to each other and to a central hospital information system through a high-speed network link. Our physicians have accepted the initial order-entry system, and early experience suggests they prefer this faster and more sophisticated system.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1986

Studying the stability of clear vision using microcomputer "Pravets-82".

The method of Ferree and Rand assesses the efficiency of the eye and is very sensitive to fatigue in the visual system. A modification of the method is developed using microcomputer "Pravetz-82". The proposed algorithm is realised in Extended Basic. The features of the modified method include: display of the stimulus on the monitor of the microcomputer, option for interactive change of the parameters of the stimulus from test to test, storage of the data on a diskette, measuring of the time intervals by a programme clock, statistical evaluation of the results with graphic display. The modification makes the method more versatile, precise, and easy to perform.

Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Introduction of a microcomputer for health research in a developing country--the Bangladesh experience.

In November 1984, a powerful microcomputer was taken to Dhaka, Bangladesh, to aid health professionals at the National Institute for Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM) in processing and analyzing locally derived health data. It was anticipated that this installation and an accompanying workshop on the analysis of health, population, and family planning data by microcomputer would enable the faculty at NIPSOM to share the results of their research with other public health and medical colleagues, provide administrators with timely analyses for policy or program implementation, and assist with internal management of information essential to the workings of the institute. This paper provides (a) a brief overview of NIPSOM and its recognized need for computing assistance, (b) a brief description of the 2-week workshop, (c) a description of the assembled software and hardware, and (d) a summary of the experience and the various problems encountered in bringing the computer to Dhaka and in teaching its use to educated health professionals with no prior computer contact.

Bangladesh↗
PubMed1979

Microcomputer controlled titration for determination of protein nitrogen in feeds and wheat.

The determination of protein nitrogen in feeds and wheat by microcomputer controlled titration is described. The method involves direct titration of ammonia with standard hypochlorite titrant in the presence of bromide. The titrant is delivered by an automatic buret, and the microcomputer controlled, automatically computed potentiometric end points are precise to 0.1% over a 5-fold concentration range of nitrogen. Digestions performed with both mercury and copper catalysts show comparable results. Samples are weighed before digestion by an electronic balance interfaced to the computer which records sample number and weight. An automatic pipet aliquots, dilutes, and buffers samples directly from the digestion tubes; the samples can be immediately titrated with the automatic titrator. The results for protein in NBS standards and check feed samples from an offical testing program compare closely with average values reported for these standards. Results show that feed and wheat samples contained 10-100% protein. Precision for successive aliquots of the same digests is 0.1-0.4%relative standard deviation; precision for multiple digestions of the same sample is 0.1-0.8%.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1985

Data acquisition using a scintillation detector interfaced to a personal microcomputer.

A method is described for interfacing a cadmium telluride semiconductor nonimaging detector to a personal microcomputer in order to store and display nuclear medicine data. There was virtual identity between the count rates stored in the computer and those recorded from the detector's display, demonstrating that the computer accurately acquired data from the probe without erroneous loss or addition of data. Interfacing a nonimaging detector to a microcomputer may provide an extremely versatile method of acquiring, storing, and displaying nuclear medicine data.

Computers↗
PubMed1985

Electroencephalographic Cartography. I. By means of mini- or microcomputers. Reliability and interest of this electrical non-invasive brain imagery.

We have recorded control subjects, neurological and psychiatric patients (n = 217 sequences recorded over both hemispheres). Minicomputers (HP Fourier analyzer, HP 1000) for spectral analysis provided 10 spectral parameters over 5 spectral frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta 1, beta 2, raw EEG). For each recorded sequence, 90 EEG maps could be computed over both hemispheres. Topo-EEGs were stored in an EEG image data bank. An EEG mapping microcomputer system linked with a digital polygraph (Alvar Electronic, REEGA 2000) has been used simultaneously. White noises have been fed into both computers for testing spatial resolution. Ten topo-EEGs have been recorded in control subjects and patients. The microcomputer system has provided very reliable topographical results when compared to similar maps generated by the minicomputer. A common average reference has been used. First clinical applications have been studied (brain strokes, brain tumors). The method appears very reliable in comparison with CT scans.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

First-pass or single-pass radionuclide angiography evaluation of left ventricular ejection fraction using a microcomputer system.

Left ventricular ejection fractions of 31 patients determined from first-pass or single-pass radionuclide angiography from the anterior position using a microcomputer system and floppy disc were compared to angiographic catheterization data obtained from the right anterior oblique position. This study demonstrated a good correlation with r = 0.91. To our knowledge, this is the first report of comparative first-pass left ventricular ejection fraction data and contrast angiography using a microcomputer system and a floppy disc.

Albumins↗
PubMed1984

Microcomputer-based programs for the practicing vascular surgeon.

An inexpensive microcomputer system can be programmed in BASIC to provide convenient data storage, retrieval, and analysis for the practicing vascular surgeon. A personalized registry program permits input of key patient data that can be processed and retrieved in list form or groupings with operator control of variables. A second program, in which lower extremity revascularization procedures can be analyzed by various parameters, is described. Results can be obtained in life-table formats with comparative statistical analysis. For the private practitioner of vascular surgery, the use of various computer programs will allow management of information for self-assessment, record keeping, teaching, and publication with great accuracy and at significant cost savings. In addition, word processing can increase secretarial output and efficiency. Office management programs are available but need to be individually investigated to determine their use for a particular practice. The major advantages of the microcomputer for the practicing vascular surgeon are personal control and ready access to data that are easy to store, analyze, and retrieve.

Computers↗
PubMed1984

System for widespread application of microcomputers to vascular surgery.

The application of microcomputers to vascular surgery has been limited because of the lack of software that allows collection and effective evaluation of a large amount of patient-related data. We have developed a microcomputer-based data handling system for evaluating vascular patients that is inexpensive ($6000 to $8000), easy to use, and flexible. Its simplicity for nonprogrammers is achieved through a natural interface with menu-driven operations and descriptive English language messages. With this system eight data entry forms were designed, and data on more than 1000 patients treated for peripheral vascular disease over the last 7 years were entered into the computer by clerical personnel with minimal training. A query language report generator allowed us to obtain reports of results in simple English on any set of selection criteria with all relevant statistical functions, including cumulative life-table patency rates. This system has the following advantages: rapid evaluation of data from several retrospective and prospective studies, such as comparison of graft material, effect of local and systemic risk factors, cost of limb-salvage surgery, and correlation of noninvasive laboratory tests with other parameters; more accurate patient follow-up, with elimination of many of the pitfalls involved in observing large groups of patients frequently; and quantitation of individual surgeon or service results for quality control and self-review, which guide the vascular surgeon to modify treatment protocols, patient selection, and/or surgical techniques. Wider use of this system for data collection and evaluation will help to standardize data reporting and thus allow accurate comparison of data from different centers.

Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microcomputer and microprocessor applications in cardiac pacing.

Modern adaptive dual-chamber cardiac pacemakers offer millions of combinations of noninvasively programmable operating parameters. Some pacemakers and most pacemaker programmers are microprocessor based; these "software-organized" pacemakers can undergo substantial functional redesign by noninvasive programming even after implantation. Ancillary instrumentation used in making measurements during implant and follow-up is often microcomputer based, as is experimental instrumentation used in pacing research. As electrical control of cardiac dysrhythmias becomes more sophisticated, microcomputer applications in many aspects of pacing are proliferating in research, manufacturing, and clinical practice.

Computers↗
PubMed1984

Microcomputer for controlled substance record keeping.

The use of a microcomputer to maintain controlled substance inventory and record keeping is described. The system maintains perpetual inventories of the central narcotic vault and proof-of-use controlled drug records outstanding at nursing stations. The computerized system has eliminated (1) the delay previously encountered in the posting of transactions from the numeric log to perpetual inventory logs and (2) the potential addition and subtraction errors inherent in a manual system. Computerizing the controlled drug record-keeping system has saved approximately 166 minutes of labor per day, a cost savings of approximately $26. The new system also helps prevent diversion of controlled substances. The computer may also be used for other tasks while not running the controlled substance program. A microcomputer is well suited to the task of controlled-substance record-keeping functions, and the cost of the system (less than $4000) can be quickly recouped in labor savings.

California↗
PubMed1984

Design of a microcomputer-based densitometer system: application to serum protein electrophoresis.

We describe how a microcomputer (Apple II Plus) can be interfaced with a commercial densitometer to provide control functions, do automated data processing, and print final reports. The amplified densitometer photodetector signal is digitized, stored, and plotted on the cathode-ray tube to provide a real-time graphical display of data acquisition. The software was designed to identify automatically the five main serum protein fractions and to compute final results. Algorithms were designed to provide medically relevant comments for most of the common abnormal protein patterns, and the comments section was designed so that it could be modified to use specific comments composed by the user. A final report, printed in duplicate, contains information such as the patient's name, identifying numbers, numerical results, normal values, medically relevant comments, and a digitized high-resolution plot of the electrophoretic pattern. The densitometer was one that already had been in use for several years; the microcomputer system, software, and interfaces cost less than $2200.

Blood Protein Electrophoresis↗
PubMed1984

[Statistical analysis on 1,500 urinary calculi by using microcomputer].

In our laboratories, more than 1,500 urinary calculi have been analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. These data were statistically analyzed by microcomputer. The most frequent type was calcium oxalate combined with calcium phosphate, followed by pure calcium oxalate and magnesium ammonium phosphate combined with calcium phosphate. In particular, the composition of magnesium ammonium phosphate combined with calcium phosphate increased as compared with that four years earlier. Four years ago, we spent one month to statistically analyze 300 urinary calculi. But in this study, only sixteen days was required to analyze 1,500 urinary calculi by using a microcomputer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Electrophysiological atlas of human thalamus and adjacent structures.--Microcomputer assisted mapping of neurophysiological data and its application to stereotaxic surgery].

During stereotaxic surgery anatomical structures and their extent on trajectories were identified by neural noise (field potential) obtained by semi-microelectrode technique. Locations of anatomical structures (the white mater, caudate nucleus, thalamus, subthalamic field and nuclei in the subthalamic field) were fed into microcomputer (NEC PC-8001) as 3 dimensional correlates and stored in minifloppy disc system (NEC PC-8031). Data with satisfactory recordings from 48 trajectories from 30 patients (18 parkinsonism, 5 central pain, 7 others) entered this study. Microcomputer was so programmed that locations of the trajectories and electrophysiologically identified anatomical structures at that location in various coronal, sagittal and horizontal planes were displayed. Accumulation of this display from various groups of patients automatically created electrophysiological atlas. For comparison of thus created electrophysiological atlas with anatomical atlas display was made on various sections of the Schaltenbrand and Bailey's Atlas which were also stored in the mimifloppy disc system. Electrophysiological topography of the thalamus and adjacent structures was reasonably similar to anatomical topography with minor, but significant individual variations. In most cases the ventral border of the thalamus was located in the close vicinity of CA-CP line, however, in some cases the thalamus was located deep into the subthalamic field. This was thought to be due to the difficulty in identifying the ventral border of the thalamus by this technique and in such occasions other neurophysiological method for identifying the ventral border of the thalamus, i.e., thalamocortical evoked potential and other stimulation technique, were necessary. Medial aspect of the V. im. nucleus emitted neural noise of different characteristics which in current program was recognized as the subthalamic field. This implies that the medial and lateral aspects of the V. im. nucleus are cytoarchitecturally different and that it is possible to differentiate the medial and lateral aspects of the V. im. nucleus by this technique. The lateral thalamic border, i.e., thalamocapsular border, also showed relatively wide range of individual variations. When various parameters including age, sex, diagnosis and width of the 3rd ventricles were examined for possible cause of these variations, a tendency was noted that the thalamocapsular border was medially placed when the width of the 3rd ventricle was small. In this system it is possible to display sequentially electrophysiologically identified structures along any trajectory. This display method, which was called "tract study," was very usefull for comprehensive understanding of location of trajectory in relation to individually varying anatomical structures...

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The microcomputer-based color image analyzer and its application to histochemistry.

For quantification of histochemical reactions, color image analysis, as well as cytophotometry, is important. However, the extremely large amount of information, usually more than one million bits per image, involved in one microscopic picture of a colored histochemical specimen, when digitalized, has inhibited attempts to develop a more convenient system of color image analysis. Recent advances in microcomputer technology have now made it possible to build, at a reasonable cost, an intelligent color terminal equipped with array-processing hardware, a sufficiently large video random-access memory to represent 4096 colors in each pixel, and packages of machine language subroutines called "macro-commands" in the form of read-only memory that can process color images within a few seconds. This intelligent terminal can easily be controlled by a small personal computer via an IEEE-488 interface bus. The digitalized color image can be stored in and retrieved from a floppy disk. As the macro-commands in this system are controlled by BASIC program through CALLS with parameters, it is highly flexible and adapts readily to the varied needs of histochemists. Reported on herein will be the instrumentation of the microcomputer-based color image analyzer and a few examples of applications of this system to histochemistry: color intensification of cytochemical reactions, quantification of enzyme (e.g., horseradish peroxidase) reaction products, periodic acid-Schiff staining, collagen fibers visualized by Azan-Mallory stain, etc. Possible future applications of this color image analyzer will also be discussed.

Animals↗