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PubMed1994

Association of Stomatococcus mucilaginosus with cholangitis.

The first case of cholangitis in which Stomatococcus mucilaginosus was cultured from bile is reported. A 64-year-old male became icteric and was shown to have gallstones in the gallbladder and a common bile duct stone which was removed endoscopically. As the patient remained icteric for a month thereafter the gallbladder with stones was removed. No common bile duct stone was shown by cholangiography perioperatively. The liver biopsy revealed cholangitis and Stomatococcus mucilaginosus was grown from the bile. The patient was cured by cholecystectomy without any antimicrobial therapy.

Bile↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bacteremia caused by Stomatococcus mucilaginosus: report of seven cases and review of the literature.

During a three-year period eight patients with blood cultures positive for Stomatococcus mucilaginosus were identified at two university hospitals. One patient without any signs of infection had a central venous catheter that was colonized with this organism, two patients had transient bacteremia without definite relationship to underlying disease, whereas the remaining five patients suffered from clinically significant infections. Of these last five patients, one had undergone prior head and neck surgery and four had hematologic malignancy with mild to severe neutropenia; two of the latter patients developed the infection subsequent to dental surgery. Besides neutropenia and mucosal damage in the oropharynx, quinolone antibacterial prophylaxis may have been an additional risk factor for the development of S. mucilaginosus bacteremia in these patients. A thorough review of the literature revealed that in addition to our findings, endocarditis and foreign body infections are further typical clinical manifestations. Although the overall antibiotic susceptibility pattern of S. mucilaginosus resembles that of streptococci, it is suggested that penicillin G may not be the drug of choice for initial therapy of particularly severe infections. S. mucilaginosus can be easily differentiated from other gram-positive bacteria when certain key criteria (e.g. adherence to agar surfaces, poor growth on Mueller-Hinton agar, presence of a capsule) as well as an array of biochemical tests, including commercially available identification systems, are applied. Our own and published data emphasize that both microbiologists and clinicians should be increasingly aware of this opportunistic pathogen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The effect of varying sea salt concentration in the growth medium on the chemical composition of a purified membrane fraction from Planococcus citreus Migula.

Membrane preparations were prepared from cells of Planococcus citreus grown in the presence of three final concentrations of sea salt in a basic growth medium. The concentration of salt in the medium affects the amount of membrane in the cell. The three preparations were subjected to chemical analysis and no significant changes in chemical composition were seen as the salt concentration in the medium was increased. Values for the various components generally were within normal ranges and were similar to those of non-halophiles rather than extreme halophiles. The protein levels were slightly higher and it it cellular ion balance. Atomic absorption analysis of the major cations associated with the membranes showed that divalent ions were present in a 2:1 ratio with ...

Calcium↗
PubMed1975

Some cultural and physiological aspects of methane-utilizing bacteria.

A number of different methane-utilizing bacteria are described and compared with isolates of other investigators. The strains can be divided into three groups based on pigmentation, cell morphology and internal membrane structures. The oxidation of hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, fatty acids, methyl ethers and sugar phosphates by these bacteria was studied. There was much similarity between strains within the same group. Differences between groups as regards oxidative properties could be detected, but these were mainly quantitative and could not be used as taxonomical criteria. In addition, the inhibition of methane oxidation by metabolites and enzyme inhibitors was investigated. Formaldehyde proved to be the most active of the organic compounds tested. Iodoacetic acid inhibited both methane and methanol oxidation at concentrations of 0.03 M or above. Of the inorganic compounds, KCN completely suppressed methane oxidation at 5 times 10(-4) M and to more than 90% at 5 times 10(-5) M.

Alcohols↗
PubMed1975

Phyllosphere microflora of some Egyptian plants.

The fungal and bacterial flora of the leaf surfaces of five plants growing in Egypt were studied. The fungal flora showed seasonal fluctuations with at least one peak. Twenty three genera with fifty three species were found, Aspergillus and Penicillium being most common. Other fungi showed variable percentages of the total count. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria were not isolated from the phyllosphere of the five plant species. Micrococci were most predominant among the epiphytic bacteria. Spore-forming bacteria and actinomycetes were less frequent on the leaf surfaces of the associalte plants.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed2001

Flocculation and coflocculation of bacteria by yeasts.

Biotransformations in natural environments frequently involve interactions between microorganisms. Although there are many reports on the interactions between bacteria, interactions between yeasts and bacteria have not been extensively studied. Previously we reported on the flocculation and coflocculation of Pediococcus damnosus by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Now we report that several other yeasts, such as Candida utilis, Dekkera bruxellensis, Hanseniaspora guilliermondii, Kloeckera apiculata, and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, induce flocculation with several industrially or medically relevant bacteria, including Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. Candida utilis was one of the best flocculation inducers. The results are discussed with respect to interactions between yeasts and bacteria and their applications in industry and medicine.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed2006

Multiple-stress tolerance of ionizing radiation-resistant bacterial isolates obtained from various habitats: correlation between stresses.

Isolation of five ionizing radiation (IR)-resistant bacteria by screening of isolates from various habitats classified as common and stressed is reported. IR-resistant isolates exhibited varying degrees of resistance to gamma-radiation and were classified as highly and moderately radiation resistant. Resistance to ultraviolet (UV) radiation correlated well with gamma-radiation resistance, whereas a comparable desiccation resistance for all the highly and moderately radiation-resistant isolates was observed. However, salt tolerance failed to correlate with IR resistance, indicating a divergent evolution of the salt tolerance and radiation resistance. Characterization of isolates by the amplified rDNA restriction analysis profiling attested to the clustering of these isolates with their stress phenotype. 16S rRNA gene-based analysis of the isolates showed that the bacteria with similar-resistance physiologies clustered together and belonged to related genera. Hydrogen peroxide resistance and mitomycin survival patterns of the isolates indicated the roles of oxidative-stress tolerance in desiccation survival and recombination repair in higher radiation resistance, respectively.

DNA, Bacterial↗
PubMed2004

Improved production of bioactive glucosylmannosyl-glycerolipid by sponge-associated Microbacterium species.

The marine Microbacterium species HP2 (DSM 12583), isolated from the sponge Halichondria panicea, is able to produce a glucosylmannosyl-glycerolipid when grown on a complex medium with glucose. Optimizing the carbon sources in shake flask experiments has shown that glycerol affords the highest specific glycoglycerolipid production. The product yield approached 300 mg/L or 25 mg/g biomass upon scaling up in a 40-L bioreactor volume. The native diglycosyl-glycerolipid GGL.2 strongly inhibited growth of the tumor cell lines HM02 and Hep G2 (50% inhibition at 0.4 to 3 microg/mL), while the related deacylated compound (GG.2) showed a potent anti-tumor-promoting activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Numerical taxonomy of an 'atypical' population of gram-positive cocci isolated from freshly dressed lamb carcasses.

One hundred Gram-positive, catalase-positive strains were isolated from freshly dressed lamb carcasses. They were randomly selected from a non-selective medium and tested for 75 characters. Only nine cultures could be identified by conventional methods. A numerical taxonomic study was conducted on the whole population and 25 reference strains. At the 80% similarity level (Ssm), ten clusters were formed. Five of them were entirely composed of reference strains. Phena V and VIII contained seven isolates and two reference strains of Micrococcus. Phena VI (six unidentified isolates), VII (nine staphylococci) and IX (69 unidentified isolates) were more related to M. kristinae than to the remaining reference strains. Properties with possible implications in meat spoilage were: strong lipolytic activity (76%), anaerobic growth (85%), tolerance to 15% (w/v) NaCl (95%) and ability to grow at 15 degrees C (95%) and 4 degrees C (26%).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Stomatococcus mucilaginosus bacteremias. Typical case presentations, simplified diagnostic criteria, and a literature review.

Even though Stomatococcus mucilaginosus is considered indigenous oral-pharyngeal flora, cited literature and case reports indicate that it can be the cause of infectious conditions. Tested strains were isolated from blood, the oral region, and wound sources. The organism was routinely misidentified or not identified by conventional or commercial systems (Vitek, STAPH-Trac). Four antimicrobial diagnostic disks for example, bacitracin (0.04 units; Taxo A), furazolidone (100 micrograms), novobiocin (5 micrograms), and polymyxin B (300 units), were evaluated as possible addition to previously applied biochemical characteristics that differentiate between S. mucilaginosus, Micrococcus sp., and coagulase-negative staphylococci. Consistent antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among our isolates to the diagnostic disks produced applicable characteristics for discriminating S. mucilaginosus from similar microorganisms. However, therapeutic choices of antimicrobial agents should be guided by individual organism susceptibility test results because of variable, often resistant patterns to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, new fluoroquinolones, and sulfonamides.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Demonstration of glycocalyx formation in vitro in Citrobacter freundii, Proteus mirabilis and Planococcus sp.: the effect of polyosidases].

Three bacterial species of different origin, Citrobacter freundii, Proteus mirabilis and Planococcus sp., formed glycocalyx in vitro and thereby showed that the phenomena does not only occur in vivo contrary to the opinion of many authors. The glycocalyx was produced in the attachment processes used or both extra- and intercellular attachment. The aggregates formed caused large errors in bacterial counts and led to questioning of the very principle of the counting procedures. The glycocalyx was not destroyed by the polyosidases utilized nor by ultrasound treatment. The glycocalyx structure differed only according to the bacterial species of origin and was unchanged by culture media or nutrient deprivation.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed2004

Structural and serological characterization of the major glycolipid from Rothia mucilaginosa.

Structural studies on the major glycolipid isolated from Rothia mucilaginosa were carried out utilising specific chemical degradation, NMR spectroscopy and matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF-MS). The glycolipid was found to be a dimannosylacylmonoglyceride in which the carbohydrate part was the glycerol-linked dimannoside alpha-D-Manp-(1-->3)-alpha-D-Manp-(1-->3)-sn-Gro (Man A-Man B-Gro), of which Man B was esterified at O-6 by a fatty acid residue. A second fatty acid substituted the secondary methylene position of the glycerol residue, in contrast to the glycolipid previously found in R. dentocariosa and Saccharopolyspora strains, in which the second fatty acid esterified the primary methylene position of glycerol. Results of the ELISA experiment with rabbit specific antibacterial sera indicate that these two major glycolipids are antigenic, and the patterns of serological reactivity are similar but not identical.

Animals↗