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PubMed1999

CISMeF: cataloque and index of French speaking health resources.

In 1999, the Internet has become a major source of health information. The objective of CISMeF is to catalogue and index the main French-speaking sites and documents concerning health. Currently, the number of resources already totalled over 6,100 with a mean of 75 new sites each week. CISMeF contains a thematic index, including medical specialities and an alphabetic index. CISMeF uses two standard tools for organising information: the MeSH (Medical Subject Heading) thesaurus from the Medline bibliographic database (National Library of Medicine) and the Dublin Core metadata format. A brief description of the site is systematically added. CISMeF respects the Net Scoring, criteria to assess the quality of health information on the Internet. The CISMeF project fulfils a valuable tool for the French-speaking health community: 2,500 machines visit the Web site each working day.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2000

CISMeF: a structured health resource guide.

In 1999, the Internet has become a major source of health information. The objective of CISMeF is to catalogue and index the main French-speaking health resources. In September 1999, the number of indexed resources totaled over 7,100 with a mean of 75 new sites per week. CISMeF uses two standard tools for organizing information: the Medline bibliographic database MeSH thesaurus and the Dublin Core metadata format. Resources included in CISMeF are described by the following: title, author or creator, subject and keywords, description, publisher, date, resource type, format, identifier, and language. To index resources, CISMeF uses five levels of hierarchy: "meta-term", category, keyword, subheading, and resource type. CISMeF contains a thematic index, including medical specialities and an alphabetic index. CISMeF respects the Net Scoring, criteria to assess the quality of health information on the Internet. The CISMeF project offers a valuable tool for the French-speaking health community: 2,500 computer users visit the Web site each working day.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2000

MedCERTAIN: quality management, certification and rating of health information on the Net.

MedCERTAIN (MedPICS Certification and Rating of Trustworthy Health Information on the Net, http://www.medcertain.org/) is a recently launched international project funded under the European Union's (EU) "Action Plan for safer use of the Internet. It provides a technical infrastructure and a conceptual basis for an international system of "quality seals", ratings and self-labelling of Internet health information, with the final aim to establish a "trustmark" for networked health information. Digital "quality seals" are evaluative metadata (using standards such as PICS = Platform for Internet Content Selection, now being replaced by RDF/XML) assigned by trusted third-party raters. The project also enables and encourages self-labelling with descriptive meta-information by web authors. Together these measures will help consumers as well as professionals to identify high-quality information on the Internet. MedCERTAIN establishes a fully functional demonstrator for a self- and third-party rating system enabling consumers and professionals to filter harmful health information and to positively identify and select high quality information. We aim to provide a system which allows citizens to place greater trust in networked information, exemplified in the domain of health information, whilst also making a significant contribution for similar projects with different target domains. The project will demonstrate how PICS-based content rating and filtering technologies can automate and exploit value-adding resource description services. It further proposes standards for interoperability of rating services.

Databases as Topic↗
PubMed2000

DbMap: improving database interoperability issues in medical software using a simple, Java-Xml based solution.

In medical software development, the use of databases plays a central role. However, most of the databases have heterogeneous encoding and data models. To deal with these variations in the application code directly is error-prone and reduces the potential reuse of the produced software. Several approaches to overcome these limitations have been proposed in the medical database literature, which will be presented. We present a simple solution, based on a Java library, and a central Metadata description file in XML. This development approach presents several benefits in software design and development cycles, the main one being the simplicity in maintenance.

Databases as Topic↗
PubMed2001

XML and the VITAL standard: the document-oriented approach for open telemedicine applications.

This paper describes an effort to create a common, document-oriented architecture for the interchange of medical data in healthcare telemedicine applications. Key components are: The VITAL standard specifying a common (medical device independent) representation of Vital Signs Information and the Extensible Markup Language (XML) specifying the document specifications form, an architecture that, in aggregate, define the semantics and structural constraints necessary for the exchange of vital signs and related medical data. The modelling and design technique for the described application has been the Unified Modelling Language (UML). The XMI (XML Metadata Interchange Format) of the Object Management Group (OMG) provided the meta-model for this application, for sharing objects using XML, via the transfer of the application's UML model to XML documents and DTDs.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

Doc'CISMEF: a search tool based on "encapsulated" MeSH thesaurus.

In the year 2000, the Internet became a major source of health information for the health professional and the Netizen. The objective of Doc'CISMeF (D'C) was to create a powerful generic search tool based on an structured information model which â encapsulates' the MeSH thesaurus to index and retrieve quality health resources on the Internet. To index resources, D'C uses four sections in its information model: 'meta-term', keyword, subheading, and resource type. Two search options are available: simple and advanced. The simple search requires the end-user to input a single term or expression. If this term belongs to the D'C information structure model, it will be exploded. If not, a full-text search is performed. In the advanced search, complex searches are possible combining Boolean operators with meta-terms, keywords, subheadings and resource types. D'C uses two standard tools for organising information: the MeSH thesaurus and the Dublin Core metadata format. Resources included in D'C are described according to the following elements: title, author or creator, subject and keywords, description, publisher, date, resource type, format, identifier, and language.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2001

Integration of nursing assessment concepts into the medical entities dictionary using the LOINC semantic structure as a terminology model.

Recent investigations have tested the applicability of various terminology models for the representing nursing concepts including those related to nursing diagnoses, nursing interventions, and standardized nursing assessments as a prerequisite for building a reference terminology that supports the nursing domain. We used the semantic structure of Clinical LOINC (Logical Observations, Identifiers, Names, and Codes) as a reference terminology model to support the integration of standardized assessment terms from two nursing terminologies into the Medical Entities Dictionary (MED), the concept-oriented, metadata dictionary at New York Presbyterian Hospital. Although the LOINC semantic structure was used previously to represent laboratory terms in the MED, selected hierarchies and semantic slots required revisions in order to incorporate the nursing assessment concepts. This project was an initial step in integrating nursing assessment concepts into the MED in a manner consistent with evolving standards for reference terminology models. Moreover, the revisions provide the foundation for adding other types of standardized assessments to the MED.

Dictionaries, Medical as Topic↗
PubMed2001

Towards health care process description framework: an XML DTD design.

The development of health care and hospital information systems has to meet users needs as well as requirements such as the tracking of all care activities and the support of quality improvement. The use of process-oriented analysis is of-value to provide analysts with: (i) a systematic description of activities; (ii) the elicitation of the useful data to perform and record care tasks; (iii) the selection of relevant decision-making support. But paper-based tools are not a very suitable way to manage and share the documentation produced during this step. The purpose of this work is to propose a method to implement the results of process analysis according to XML techniques (eXtensible Markup Language). It is based on the IDEF0 activity modeling language (Integration DEfinition for Function modeling). A hierarchical description of a process and its components has been defined through a flat XML file with a grammar of proper metadata tags. Perspectives of this method are discussed.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed2002

Data warehouse implementation with clinical pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic data.

OBJECTIVES: We have created a data warehouse for human pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) data generated primarily within the Clinical PK Group of the Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DM&PK) Department of DuPont Pharmaceuticals. METHODS: Data which enters an Oracle-based LIMS directly from chromatography systems or through files from contract research organizations are accessed via SAS/PH.Kinetics, GLP-compliant data analysis software residing on individual users' workstations. Upon completion of the final PK or PD analysis, data are pushed to a predefined location. Data analyzed/created with other software (i.e., WinNonlin, NONMEM, Adapt, etc.) are added to this file repository as well. The warehouse creates views to these data and accumulates metadata on all data sources defined in the warehouse. The warehouse is managed via the SAS/Warehouse Administrator product that defines the environment, creates summarized data structures, and schedules data refresh. RESULTS: The clinical PK/PD warehouse encompasses laboratory, biometric, PK and PD data streams. Detailed logical tables for each compound are created/updated as the clinical PK/PD data warehouse is populated. The data model defined to the warehouse is based on a star schema. Summarized data structures such as multidimensional data bases (MDDB), infomarts, and datamarts are created from detail tables. Data mining and querying of highly summarized data as well as drill-down to detail data is possible via the creation of exploitation tools which front-end the warehouse data. Based on periodic refreshing of the warehouse data, these applications are able to access the most current data available and do not require a manual interface to update/populate the data store. Prototype applications have been web-enabled to facilitate their usage to varied data customers across platform and location. The warehouse also contains automated mechanisms for the construction of study data listings and SAS transport files for eventual incorporation into an electronic submission. CONCLUSIONS: This environment permits the management of online analytical processing via a single administrator once the data model and warehouse configuration have been designed. The expansion of the current environment will eventually connect data from all phases of research and development ensuring the return on investment and hopefully efficiencies in data processing unforeseen with earlier legacy systems.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

The epiphany of data warehousing technologies in the pharmaceutical industry.

The highly competitive pharmaceutical industry has seen many external changes to its landscape as companies consume each other increasing their pipelines while removing redundant functions and processes. Internally, companies have sought to streamline the discovery and development phases in an attempt to improve candidate selection and reduce the time to regulatory filing. In conjunction with efforts to screen and develop more compounds faster and more efficiently, database management systems (DBMS) have been developed for numerous groups supporting various R&D efforts. An outgrowth of DBMS evolution has been the birth of data warehousing. Often confused with DBMS, data warehousing provides a conduit for data residing across platforms, networks, and in different data structures. Through the use of metadata, the warehouse establishes connectivity of varied data stores (operational detail data, ODD) and permits identification of data ownership, location and transaction history. This evolution has closely mirrored and in some ways been driven by the electronic submission (formerly CANDA). The integration of the electronic submissions and document management with R&D data warehousing initiatives should provide a platform by which companies can address compliance with 21 CFR Part 11. Now more than ever "corporate memory" is being extended to the data itself. The when, why and how of successes and failures are constantly being probed by R&D management teams. The volume of information being generated by today's pharmaceutical companies requires mining of historical data on a routine basis. Data warehousing represents a core technology to assist in this endeavor. New initiatives in this field address the necessity of data portals through which warehouse data can be web-enabled and exploited by diverse data customers both internal and external to the company. The epiphany of data warehousing technologies within the pharmaceutical industry has begun and promises to change the way in which companies process and provide data to regulatory agencies. The improvements in drug discovery and reduction in development timelines remain to be seen but would seem to be rational if such technology is fully exploited.

Drug Industry↗
PubMed2002

Cost analysis of a project to digitize classic articles in neurosurgery.

In summer 2000, the Cushing/Whitney Medical Library at Yale University began a demonstration project to digitize classic articles in neurosurgery from the late 1800s and early 1900s. The objective of the first phase of the project was to measure the time and costs involved in digitization, and those results are reported here. In the second phase, metadata will be added to the digitized articles, and the project will be publicized. Thirteen articles were scanned using optical character recognition (OCR) software, and the resulting text files were carefully proofread. Time for photocopying, scanning, and proofreading were recorded. This project achieved an average cost per item (total pages plus images) of $4.12, a figure at the high end of average costs found in other studies. This project experienced high costs for two reasons. First, the articles contained many images, which required extra processing. Second, the older fonts and the poor condition of many of these articles complicated the OCR process. The average article cost $84.46 to digitize. Although costs were high, the selection of historically important articles maximized the benefit gained from the investment in digitization.

Connecticut↗
PubMed2002

An XML-based system for the flexible classification and retrieval of clinical practice guidelines.

Beneficial effects of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have not yet reached expectations due to limited routine adoption. Electronic distribution and reminder systems have the potential to overcome implementation barriers. Existing electronic CPG repositories like the National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC) provide individual access but lack standardized computer-readable interfaces necessary for automated guideline retrieval. The aim of this paper was to facilitate automated context-based selection and presentation of CPGs. Using attributes from the NGC classification scheme, an XML-based metadata repository was successfully implemented, providing document storage, classification and retrieval functionality. Semi-automated extraction of attributes was implemented for the import of XML guideline documents using XPath. A hospital information system interface was exemplarily implemented for diagnosis-based guideline invocation. Limitations of the implemented system are discussed and possible future work is outlined. Integration of standardized computer-readable search interfaces into existing CPG repositories is proposed.

Information Systems↗
PubMed2002

PQL: a declarative query language over dynamic biological schemata.

We introduce the PQL query language (PQL) used in the GeneSeek genetic data integration project. PQL incorporates many features of query languages for semi-structured data. To this we add the ability to express metadata constraints like intended semantics and database curation approach. These constraints guide the dynamic generation of potential query plans. This allows a single query to remain relevant even in the presence of source and mediated schemas that are continually evolving, as is often the case in data integration.

Computational Biology↗
PubMed2003

A building an education infrastructure for allied health.

This article discusses the emerging education information infrastructure. It uses a five-part framework (aggregating, organizing, using, tool building, and policy making) to describe this infrastructure, then uses the same framework to argue for a tightly coupled education information infrastructure specifically for allied health. This tightly coupled education resource would allow educators, allied health professionals, and the general public to gain improved access to education resources on the Internet through metadata and digital reference services. Specific benefits of the building effort are discussed.

Allied Health Occupations↗
PubMed2003

The CardioOP-Data Clas (CDC). Development and application of a thesaurus for content management and multi-user teleteaching in cardiac surgery.

OBJECTIVES: Self-directed and customized medical education programs are gaining importance in health care instruction. We prototypically implemented a repository-driven online computer system (CardioOP) for teleteaching in Heart Surgery. It supports authoring and multiple re-use of multimedia data for different user groups in different instructional applications and therefore requires a process of content management. METHODS: We defined objectives for a terminological system to support semantic, cross-media type annotation and retrieval of learning objects: domain completeness, German (natural) language processing, multi-user concepts, extensibility and maintenance, content based annotation and technical implementation. Existing terminologies (ICD10, READ V3, Snomed III, UMLS 1997, MESH) have been analysed according to these objectives. RESULTS: We found that the analysed terminologies did not meet our criteria sufficiently. Therefore, we developed a domain-specific thesaurus, the CardioOP-DataClas (CDC). The application of the CDC within a database-driven authoring process using specifically developed tools is reported. CONCLUSIONS: Metadata play an important role in the effective discovery and search, access, integration and management of educational multimedia data in medicine but so far, there is no terminology to support content management for instructional multimedia. We prototypically designed and applied a thesaurus for the CardioOP educational system. Additional work is needed to evaluate the system in terms of user-friend-liness, concept coverage and information retrieval performance.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed2003

Increasing access to Latin American social medicine resources: a preliminary report.

PURPOSE: This preliminary report describes the development and implementation of a project to improve access to literature in Latin American social medicine (LASM). METHODS: The University of New Mexico project team collaborated with participants from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Ecuador to identify approximately 400 articles and books in Latin American social medicine. Structured abstracts were prepared, translated into English, Spanish, and Portuguese, assigned Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), and loaded into a Web-based database for public searching. The project has initiated Web-based publication for two LASM journals. Evaluation included measures of use and content. RESULTS: The LASM Website (http://hsc.unm.edu/lasm) and database create access to formerly little-known literature that addresses problems relevant to current medicine and public health. This Website offers a unique resource for researchers, practitioners, and teachers who seek to understand the links between socioeconomic conditions and health. The project provides a model for collaboration between librarians and health care providers. Challenges included procurement of primary material; preparation of concise abstracts; working with trilingual translations of abstracts, metadata, and indexing; and the work processes of the multidisciplinary team. CONCLUSIONS: The literature of Latin American social medicine has become more readily available to researchers worldwide. The LASM project serves as a collaborative model for the creation of sustainable solutions for disseminating information that is difficult to access through traditional methods.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2003

MedCIRCLE: collaboration for Internet rating, certification, labelling and evaluation of health information on the World-Wide-Web.

We describe MedCIRCLE, an EU-funded semantic web project to implement the first steps towards a global, collaborative rating and guidance system for health information proposed in the MedCERTAIN project. In MedCIRCLE, three European gateway sites for consumer health information will implement the metadata vocabulary HIDDEL (Health Information Disclosure, Description and Evaluation Language). HIDDEL allows portals and gateways to make the results of their evaluations accessible as XML/RDF. The three participating national portals are: AQUMED (Agency for Quality in Medicine) patienten-information, de, COMB (Official Medical College of Barcelona) and CISMeF, a quality-controlled health gateway developed at Rouen University Hospital. Other health subject gateways, accreditation, or rating services are invited to join the collaboration simply by implementing HIDDEL on their gateways. Widespread implementation HIDDEL will allow intelligent agents or client-side software to harvest statements and opinions about the trustworthiness of other websites, assisting users in selecting trustworthy websites. The MedCIRCLE project builds on, expands and continues work on rating health information on the Internet piloted within the MedCERTAIN project. While MedCERTAIN provided the core technologies and software for rating and "trustmarking" health information, MedCIRCLE is built around these technologies and involves a wider medical community to assess health information, demonstrating the power of collaborative and interoperable evaluations in a semantic web environment. MedCIRCLE is a project with the overall objective to develop and promote technologies able to guide consumers to trustworthy health information on the Internet, to establish a global web of trust for networked health information, and to empower consumers to positively select high quality health information on the web. Other aims include refinement and expansion of HIDDEL, to become a standard vocabulary and interchange format for self- and third-party ratings of health information.

Europe↗
PubMed2003

Modelisation of consumer health information in a quality-controlled gateway.

The amount of health data accessible on the Web is increasing and Internet has become a major source of health information. Many tools and search engines are available but medical information retrieval remains difficult for both the health professional and the patients. In this paper we describe CISMeF-patients. It is a sub-part of CISMeF, a structured quality-controlled subject gateway. CISMeF-patients has been designed for the patients, their families and the general public who are often unfamiliar with the medical domain and the medical vocabulary. The resources included in CISMeF-patients are described using the Dublin Core metadata format. To index them, CISMeF-patients and CISMeF share the same terminology, which 'encapsulates' the MeSH thesaurus with a layer of synonyms. Unlike Medline-plus and Medline, sharing the same terminology allows to a CISMeF-patients end-user the possibility to extend his query to the CISMeF catalogue (e.g. for searching teaching resources or clinical guidelines).

Abstracting and Indexing↗