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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Unilateral neglect in route description.

Route description was investigated in two patients suffering from left unilateral neglect. Both had evident difficulty with left turns. This finding suggests that the topological correspondence between represented environment and representational mechanisms in the brain is not confined to frozen (picture-like) perspectives.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Acute mountain sickness: critical appraisal of the Pariacaca story and on-site study.

The physiological and medical literature on the description of acute mountain sickness by Father Acosta in the Peruvian Andes shows many historical misconceptions and clinical misinterpretations. A recent paper by Gilbert (1983) not only contains these traditional misinterpretations but also adds geographical errors in the description of the area where Acosta described his sufferings. In view of these facts the authors have made a review of the old and modern writings on the so called Pariacaca story and during an on-site visit to the area of Pariacaca have taken actual measurements of distances, altitudes and geographical locations which they hope will put this story in the context of historical and scientific objectivity.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

The Pariacaca or Tullujuto story: political realism?

The first documented description of acute altitude sickness was published by Father Acosta in 1590. Acosta described this sickness when he traveled through a pass across the Andean divide in central Peru near the mountain Pariacaca. Almost all the maps of modern Peru do not name this mountain. We present evidence that mountaineers who have climbed this mountain know it as Tullujuto. This change in name is the reason why physiologists have found it difficult to locate Acosta's route; consequently the altitude where Acosta experienced this sickness could not be determined until recently. Further, we speculate that political pressures in the late 18th century caused the place name of Pariacaca either to be obliterated or else to be changed to Tullujuto.

Altitude Sickness↗
PubMed1983

The geographical distribution of mortality by cause in Chile.

Standardised mortality ratios for 19 causes of death are computed for the provinces of Chile. All have a particular geographical distribution in common: they are either positively or negatively associated with the availability of health services. This is likely to be the result of the propinquity of health services to populations of higher socio-economic status and also the differences in recording accuracy between urbanised provinces and provinces where access to health services is especially difficult. By holding the effects of health service variability constant, other geographical patterns in mortality rates emerge. For lung cancer, two northern provinces have death rates ten times those of central Chile.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Geographical patterns of heart disease in the Northeastern United States.

A 49-county region surrounding the urban corridor from New York through New Jersey to Philadelphia was the focus of an investigation of the spatial patterns of mortality from four types of heart disease: major cardiovascular, acute ischemic, chronic ischemic and cerebrovascular. The data used were age-adjusted mortality rates for white males and white females for the period 1968-1972. Central to the research was interest in the existence of county clusters with similar rates, high and low risk areas and possible associations of mortality rates with environmental and socioeconomic conditions. The tasks completed in this first phase of a projected multi-phase project led to the identification of four country clusters within the region. High major cardiovascular rates appear to make the Southern New Jersey cluster a high risk zone. In contrast, a Central Corridor cluster has relatively low rates for all the diseases. No clear pattern was in evidence for the Northwestern Periphery cluster. Finally, a stark contrast between acute and chronic ischemic rates appeared in the Urban Spur. The next step in this research will be to search for either consistency or deviation from these patterns in the 1973-1976 period. A risk factor data set will be created to analyze the patterns in greater detail.

Female↗
PubMed1988

Display of small-area variation in health-related data: a methodology using resistant statistics.

Health care planning requires characterization of the population to be served. Examination of available demographic and epidemiologic data is one early step in this process. However, aggregate data for the entire geographic area of concern often fail to reveal important differences among geographically defined sub-populations--differences that influence the form an effective delivery system should take. We present a methodology based on exploratory data analysis (EDA) techniques that we have found useful in examining health-related data for our ambulatory care catchment area. Our examples use three population characteristics that have major implications for health care planning for the elderly: 1970-1980 change in population aged 65+; the percent of the population aged 65+ below poverty level; and the percent of single-person households among households with one or more persons aged 65+. With these data for the 25 municipalities of Middlesex County, New Jersey, we illustrate a two-step process: (1) the construction of stem-and-leaf displays that permit examination of a data distribution for asymmetry, concentrations around specific values, gaps in values, and outliers; and (2) the use of the median, the fourth-spread, and other information from the stem-and-leaf display in the systematic selection of data value classes to be given distinct shadings on a map of the selected geographic area. Discussion emphasizes the usefulness of graphic display of data in detecting similarities and unusual data values. Comparison of maps based on the EDA techniques and maps based on several traditional methods of value classing for the same data illustrates the influence of classing choices on the interpretation of cartographic displays of health-related data.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Defining localities for health planning: a GIS approach.

The National Health Service in Britain is undergoing far-reaching changes. While District and Regional Health Authorities are currently merging, professionals agree that primary health care is most efficiently managed at the local level. This paper uses geographical information systems (GIS) capabilities to identify a nested hierarchy of localities for the management of primary health care in West Sussex, England. GIS coverages were developed which contained key criteria for defining local areas, including nodes or focal points of service provision, edges which act as physical or psychological barriers to movement, districts such as official administrative areas and interaction criteria such as journey to work, school and family doctor (GP) surgeries. Central to the derivation of the localities was a large matrix of patient to GP flows based on postcoded data. Once managed, these data revealed clear geographical patterns of patient to GP allegiance. A large-scale field survey obtained supporting information on the perception of areas from local residents.

Catchment Area, Health↗
PubMed2004

Hippocampal lesions do not disrupt navigational map retention in homing pigeons under conditions when map acquisition is hippocampal dependent.

In contrast to map-like navigation by familiar landmarks, understanding the relationship between the avian hippocampal formation (HF) and the homing pigeon navigational map has remained a challenge. With the goal of filling an empirical gap, we performed an experiment in which young homing pigeons learned a navigational map while being held in an outdoor aviary, and then half the birds were subjected to HF ablation. The question was whether HF lesion would impair retention of a navigational map learned under conditions known to require participation of HF. The pigeons, which had never flown from the aviary before, together with an additional control group that learned a navigational map with free-flight experience, were then released from two distant release sites. Contrary to expectation, the HF-lesioned birds oriented in a homeward direction in manner indistinguishable from the intact control pigeons raised in the same outdoor aviary. HF lesion did not result in a navigational map retention deficit. Together with previous results, it is now clear that regardless of the learning environment present during acquisition, HF plays no necessary role in the subsequent retention or operation of the homing pigeon navigational map.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Maps, books and other metaphors for systems biology.

We briefly review the use of metaphors in science and progressively focus on fields from biology and molecular biology to genomics and bioinformatics. We discuss how metaphors are both a tool for scientific exploration and a medium for public communication of complex subjects, by various short examples. Finally, we propose a metaphor for systems biology that provides an illuminating perspective for the ambitious goals of this field and delimits its current agenda.

Books↗