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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Prevention of infected urinary stones in rats by urease inhibitor: a new hydroxamic acid derivative.

We tested the inhibitory power and urinary excretion of several derivatives of hippurohydroxamic acid, including some newly synthesized compounds. m-Methoxyhippurohydroxamic acid (UCD II) strongly inhibited urease activity and high urinary excretion after oral administration to rats. UCD II inhibited the alkalinization of infected urine in vitro and in vivo and prevented bladder stone formation when it was orally administered to rats with urinary tract infection caused by Proteus mirabilis. The clinical application of UCD II to the prevention of pathologic sequelae of urinary infection with urease-producing bacteria awaits evaluation of the safety of the compound.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

The behavior of novel hydrophilic composite bone cements in simulated body fluids.

Composite bone cements were formulated with bioactive glass (MgO--SiO(2)--3CaO. P(2)O(5)) as the filler and hydrophilic matrix. The matrix was composed of a starch/cellulose acetate blend (SCA) as the solid component and a mixture of methylmethacrylate/acrylic acid (MMA/AA) as the liquid component. The curing parameters, mechanical properties, and bioactive behavior of these composite cements were determined. The addition of up to 30 wt % of glass improved both compressive modulus and yield strength and kept the maximum curing temperature at the same value presented by a typical acrylic-based commercial formulation. The lack of a strongly bonded interface (because no coupling agent was used) had important effects on the swelling and mechanical properties of the novel bone cements. However, bone cements containing AA did not show a bioactive behavior, because of the deleterious effect of this monomer on the calcium phosphate precipitation on the polymeric surfaces. Formulations without AA were prepared with MMA or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) as the liquid component. Only these formulations could form an apatite-like layer on their surface. These systems, therefore, are very promising: They are bioactive, hydrophilic, partially degradable, and present interesting mechanical properties. This combination of properties could facilitate the release of bioactive agents from the cement, allow bone ingrowth in the cement, and induce a press-fitting effect, improving the interfaces with both the prosthesis and the bone.

Acrylates↗
PubMed1982

Activated charcoal is as effective as fuller's earth or bentonite in paraquat poisoning.

In vitro investigations have shown that the adsorption capacity of activated charcoal ('Kohle-Compretten', 'Ultracarbon', E. Merck, Darmstadt, FRG) is just as high as that of 'Fuller's earth' (Surrey powder, Laporte Industries Ltd., Luton, GB) or 'Bentonite BP W.B. (Steetley Minerals Ltd., Milton Keynes, GB). Fuller's earth ('Fullererde') from another manufacturer has had very poor adsorption properties and is thus not suitable for the treatment of paraquat poisoning. Animal experiments have shown that the curative effect of activated charcoal given 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 h after ingestion of 200 and 300 mg paraquat/kg body weight is equally as good or even better than that of 'Fuller's earth' or 'Bentonite BP W.B' Activated charcoal is a substitute of equal value to these mineral soils.

Adsorption↗
PubMed2006

Raman spectroscopic analysis of human remains from a seventh century cist burial on Anglesey, UK.

Specimens from human remains exhibiting unusual preservation excavated from a seventh century stone cist burial at Towyn y Capel in Anglesey, UK, have been analysed using Raman spectroscopy with near-infrared laser excitation at 1,064 and 785 nm. Specimens of hair and bone provided evidence for severe degradation and microbial colonisation. The deposits within the stone cist showed that some microbially mediated compounds had been formed. Analysis of crystals found at the interface between the hair and the skeletal neck vertebrae revealed a mixture of newberyite and haematite, associated with decomposition products of the hair and bone. An interesting differential degradation was noted in the specimens analysed which could be related to the air-void and the presence of plant root inclusions into the stone cist. This is the first time that Raman spectroscopy has been used in the forensic archaeological evaluation of burial remains in complex and dynamic environments.

Archaeology↗
PubMed2003

Phase analysis of superconducting polycrystalline MgB(2).

Superconducting MgB(2) ceramics were prepared and yield superconducting transition temperatures of about 39 K. For covering the various length scales on which inhomogeneities appear in MgB(2), electron-probe micro-analysis (EPMA) and analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were applied for a phase analysis. Particularly useful were the preliminary electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI) results in the TEM. It could be shown by EPMA that the microstructure consists of a Mg-B-O matrix and boron-rich secondary phases of composition close to MgB(12). It was unclear in which form oxygen was present in the superconducting matrix. By combining the acquisition of B-K and O-K edge jump ratio images and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in the TEM, we could prove that the matrix consists of superconducting MgB(2) and MgO. Most of the MgO precipitates and grains appear with diameters between 20 and 300 nm. The size distribution of MgO was inhomogeneous and oxygen-rich areas of dimensions >1 microm were also observed. Edge jump ratio images obtained by ESI were analysed for determining the signal values and effects of multiple inelastic scattering.

Boron Compounds↗
PubMed2000

Influence of salts on virus adsorption to microporous filters.

We investigated the direct and indirect effects of mono-, di-, and trivalent salts (NaCl, MgCl(2), and AlCl(3)) on the adsorption of several viruses (MS2, PRD-1, phiX174, and poliovirus 1) to microporous filters at different pH values. The filters studied included Millipore HA (nitrocellulose), Filterite (fiberglass), Whatman (cellulose), and 1MDS (charged-modified fiber) filters. Each of these filters except the Whatman cellulose filters has been used in virus removal and recovery procedures. The direct effects of added salts were considered to be the effects associated with the presence of the soluble salts. The indirect effects of the added salts were considered to be (i) changes in the pH values of solutions and (ii) the formation of insoluble precipitates that could adsorb viruses and be removed by filtration. When direct effects alone were considered, the salts used in this study promoted virus adsorption, interfered with virus adsorption, or had little or no effect on virus adsorption, depending on the filter, the virus, and the salt. Although we were able to confirm previous reports that the addition of aluminum chloride to water enhances virus adsorption to microporous filters, we found that the enhanced adsorption was associated with indirect effects rather than direct effects. The increase in viral adsorption observed when aluminum chloride was added to water was related to the decrease in the pH of the water. Similar results could be obtained by adding HCl. The increased adsorption of viruses in water at pH 7 following addition of aluminum chloride was probably due to flocculation of aluminum, since removal of flocs by filtration greatly reduced the enhancement observed. The only direct effect of aluminum chloride on virus adsorption that we observed was interference with adsorption to microporous filters. Under conditions under which hydrophobic interactions were minimal, aluminum chloride interfered with virus adsorption to Millipore, Filterite, and 1MDS filters. In most cases, less than 10% of the viruses adsorbed to filters in the presence of a multivalent salt and a compound that interfered with hydrophobic interactions (0.1% Tween 80 or 4 M urea).

Adsorption↗
PubMed1983

In vivo evaluation of a composite sorbent for the treatment of paraquat intoxication by hemoperfusion.

In vivo evaluation of a new hemoperfusion (HP) device for Paraquat detoxification is reported. The key element of the extracorporeal system is a column packed with newly developed composite sorbent beads containing Fullers' Earth (FE) entrapped in crosslinked Agarose. The proposed HP system exhibits very good biocompatibility characteristics when conventional heparinization is supplemented by infusing 0.02 ml per min acid-citrate dextrose (ACD) solution per ml. perfused blood at the inlet to the HP column. No complications or abnormalities were detected in animals which were hemoperfused with the system described. It is suggested that the new device is effective and safe for clinical application.

Aluminum Compounds↗
PubMed1991

Bioavailability of potassium and magnesium, and citraturic response from potassium-magnesium citrate.

The bioavailability of potassium and magnesium, and the citraturic response were determined for the new compound, potassium-magnesium citrate, in 14 normal volunteers. Results were compared to those of potassium citrate and magnesium citrate. Each subject participated in 4 phases of study: potassium-magnesium citrate, potassium citrate, magnesium citrate and potassium chloride. After stabilization on a metabolic diet, each subject ingested a single load of a test medication followed by timed urine collections for the next 24 hours. Test loads included potassium-magnesium citrate (49 mEq. potassium, 24.5 mEq. magnesium and 73.5 mEq. citrate), potassium citrate (50 mEq.), potassium chloride (50 mEq.) and magnesium citrate (25 mEq.) Urinary potassium, magnesium and citrate were measured for each collection period. Potassium-magnesium citrate provided an equivalent potassium bioavailability as potassium citrate and potassium chloride, and a comparable magnesium bioavailability as magnesium citrate. However, it gave the highest citraturic response, since the cumulative increment in urinary citrate post-load was 129 mg. daily for potassium-magnesium citrate, 105 mg. daily for potassium citrate and 35 mg. daily for magnesium citrate. Thus, potassium-magnesium citrate gave an optimum citraturic response in addition to providing absorbable potassium and magnesium.

Adult↗