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PubMedDate not supplied

Transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease to the patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas) with cytopathological changes in in vitro cultivated brain cells.

The transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) to the patas monkey, Erythrocebus patas, has been accomplished. Clinical neurological disease was first noticed 47 months and 23 days after intracerebral inoculation of infected squirrel monkey brain. The disease progressed slowly and lasted 8 months. Microscopic examination of the brain and spinal cord revealed lesions of status spongiosus and astrogliosis in the cortical gray matter consistent with a diagnosis of experimental CJD. A vacuolating 'spongiform' cytopathological effect was seen in many of the in vitro cultivated brain cells in the outgrowth from explanted brain tissue of this monkey.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Heterologous protection by Leishmania donovani for Leishmania major infections in the vervet monkey model of the disease.

The study was aimed at analyzing immunological cross-reactivity between Leishmania major and Leishmania donovani and possible cross-protection between the two parasite species in the vervet monkey model of the disease. Nine vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) from the institute animal colony were sued in the study. Five of the animals had been previously infected with L. donovani but had remained asymptomatic while the other four animals were naive and comprised the control group. Immunological responses to both L. major and L. donovani antigens in the five animals with prior exposure to L. donovani were examined before challenge. High antibody titers to the two antigens were demonstrated in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, but the antibody titers to L. donovani were significantly higher than those to L. major (P < 0.005). Positive in vitro peripheral blood leucocyte (PBL) proliferation to L. major and L. donovani antigens was also demonstrated, but there was no significant difference in the response to the two antigens (P > 0.1). High and varying levels of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) were secreted in PBL from the five vervet monkeys when stimulated with L. major antigen, but vervet monkey 1296 secreted marginal levels of IFN-gamma. When the animals were challenged intradermally with 1 x 10(5) virulent L. major promastigotes mixed with sandfly vector salivary gland lysate all four vervet monkeys in the control group developed nodules of varying sizes at the inoculation sites that eventually ulcerated. However, nodule formation and ulceration occurred at different times among these animals. The other five animals (animals with prior exposure to L. donovani) did not pick up the infection at all, but one animal from this group, vervet monkey 1296, developed a transient lesion that healed within 9 weeks, the same animal that had been shown to secrete low levels of IFN-gamma. The results demonstrate high cross-reactivity between L. donovani and L. major and that L. donovani protects against L. major infections. This finding is important for vaccine development studies against leishmaniasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the squirrel monkeys].

Four different strains of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease virus (2 primary and 2 passaged in primates or mice) were inoculated intra-cerebrally into squirrel monkeys implanted with continuously-recording indwelling electrodes. Simultaneous EEC and videotape recordings were made on unrestrained animals. In addition EEG recordings were made of evoked visual potentials on restrained animals. EEG abnormalities appeared in every animal before the first clinical signs (6 to 20 months after inoculation) and included generalized slowing, epileptiform patterns and occasional episodes of pseudo-periodic activity. Abnormal evoked visual potentials and disturbances of consciousness were also noted. All viral strains produced similar disorders and the death of inoculated animals. The relative frequency of epilepsy seen in the CJD-inoculated squirrel monkey contrasts with its irregular occurrence in most other monkey species, and its total absence in the spider monkey. This could be related to the lesser complexity of neo-cortical evolution in the squirrel monkey and a less pronounced development of inhibitory CNS mechanisms under the general control of GABA-ergic neurons.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spontaneous cardiomyopathy resembling acute rheumatic heart disease in an owl monkey.

A wild-caught male Aotus vociferans died spontaneously during quarantine. Histologic examination of the heart showed several small myocardial arteries replaced with fibrinoid necrosis and adjacent inflammation that included lymphocytes and large histiocytic cells. Less often, similar inflammatory foci were observed in the myocardium interstitium. The lesions observed in the heart of the owl monkey resembled Aschoff bodies.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Ocular pathogenesis of Newcastle disease virus in rabbits and monkeys.

Studies on the ocular pathogenesis of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in rabbits and monkeys revealed that conjunctivitis can only be produced by the virus when conjunctival epithelium is traumatized; multiple instillations of large doses of virus over the intact conjunctiva failed to do so. The presence of serum HI antibodies showed no correlation with the clinical form of the disease in rabbits. However, in monkeys, the disease showed a uniform pattern of immune response irrespective of the strain of the virus. Monkeys may be useful for further studies.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Physicochemical and biological properties of the agents isolated from a patient with amyotrophic leukospongiosis and monkeys with experimentally reproduced disease].

The paper describes isolation from the brain of a patient who died of amyotrophic leukospongiosis (ALSP) and from squirrel monkeys with experimentally induced disease of heretofore unknown agents whose reproduction in continuous cell lines (HEp-2, CV-1, Vero) was accompanied by a significant increase in the mitotic activity of cells and adsorption of human 0(1) and M. rhesus erythrocytes. The blood sera from patients with ALSP and a monkey with experimental disease were found to contain a factor specifically inhibiting the hemadsorption phenomenon and the increase of the mitotic activity in the infected cell cultures. Investigations of the properties of the isolates showed them to have a buoyant density of 1.18 g/cm3 in a 20-60% sucrose gradient, to incorporate radioactive precursors of RNA and protein synthesis, and to be highly resistant to the effect of some physical and chemical factors. The data obtained suggest that the isolates differ from all the presently known conventional viruses but have some similarity with etiological agents of slow infections and may be classified as unconventional viruses.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Metabolic bone disease resembling osteosarcoma in a wooly monkey (Lagothrix lagotricha).

A female pet wooly monkey with metabolic bone disease initially presented with a proliferating bony mass in the left humerus which had many features of osteosarcoma. At necropsy, parathyroid hyperplasia, osteoclastic resorption, proliferative osteoid deposition in the calvarium and cortex of long bones, and fibrous proliferation of the marrow indicated the presence of generalized osteodystrophia fibrosa. The dietary history of deficient vitamin D3 and protein and minimal exposure to sunlight supported this diagnosis, as did depressed levels of serum calcium and elevated levels of serum parathyroid hormone, alkaline phosphatase, and acid phosphatase.

Animals↗