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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and its relation to biological and lifestyle factors in middle-aged and aged Japanese women (Part 3). Relationships of physical fitness and lifestyle factors to bone mineral density in premenopausal and postmenopausal women].

We recruited community-dwelling women for participation in a study to investigate the effects of risk factors in lifestyle on bone mineral density (BMD). The subjects were 177 women aged 35 years and over living in a rural area in Fukui Prefecture. Their BMD of the lumbar spine (L2-L4) was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). In addition to measurements of height, body weight and grip strength, the lifestyles of the women, including physical load in work, sporting activities, smoking habits, calcium intake, and history of bone fracture were interviewed in detail. Adjusted for age, the BMD significantly correlated to body weight (r = 0.337, p < 0.05 for premenopausal women and r = 0.289, p < 0.01 for postmenopausal women) and body mass index (kg/m2) (r = 0.291, p < 0.05 for premenopausal women and r = 0.190, p < 0.05 for postmenopausal women). These results indicated the lower body weight to be a risk factor for the osteoporotic process in middle-aged and aged women. With respect to the grip strength as a physical fitness indicator, a significant correlation coefficient (r = 0.267, p < 0.01) with BMD was obtained for postmenopausal women independent of age and body weight. In univariate analysis, BMD showed no significant correlations with sporting activities, smoking habits, lower back pain and history of bone fracture for either premenopausal women or postmenopausal women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Asian People↗
PubMed1995

[Effect of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism and lifestyle on bone mineral density and bone mineral density decrement rate].

The effects of genetic and environmental factors on bone mineral density (BMD) were investigated in 108 healthy Japanese women. Of the 108 subjects, BMD (from the second to forth lumbar vertebrae) was measured in 1992 in 103, in 1993 in 100, and in both years in 95 by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism in intron 8 was used as a genetic marker. Information on menstruation, health status, lifestyle, quantities of nutrient intake and frequencies of food intake was obtained by questionnaire. The frequency of allele B (825bp), whose polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products cannot be cut with BsmI, was 0.259 and the frequency of allele b (650bp), whose PCR products can be cut with BsmI, was 0.741. The subjects in our study obeyed the Hardy-Weinberg law. While the frequency of allele B was 0.448 in European whites as reported by Morrison et al, it was 0.259 in our Japanese subjects, suggesting a racial difference. Z score values (average value 0, standard deviation 1) increased in the order BB, Bb and bb. This result indicates that allele B is associated with the lower BMD in Japanese, as in European whites. The BMD decrement rate increased in the order bb, Bb and BB, indicating that VDR gene polymorphism may be a regulatory factor for losing BMD. Most of lifestyle variables, calcium intake and vitamin D intake were not correlated with BMD, but the food frequency score (which was defined as values weighted in each of three food categories obtained by factor analysis) was significantly correlated with BMD. Multiple regression analysis showed significant influences of years after menopause, the food frequency score and VDR genotype on BMD. VDR genotype and years after menopause influenced the BMD decrement rate significantly in multiple regression analysis. Neither a relationship between BMD and calcium intake nor between BMD and vitamin D intake by VDR genotype was found. These results suggest that the VDR gene is a genetic factor in BMD and the BMD decrement rate in Japanese.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[A population survey on bone mineral density in a fishing village in Wakayama Prefecture (Part 2); The analysis of the risk factors affecting the bone mineral density].

The purpose of this study was to detect factors affecting lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) of general inhabitants in a rural community. A cohort consisting of 2261 inhabitants aged 40-79 years was set up based on the resident registration in Taiji town, Wakayama Prefecture in 1992. Fifty men and 50 women in each of four age strata (40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79), totaling 400 inhabitants, were selected randomly. After completion of a questionnaire by an interviewer, items about physical characteristics such as height, body weight, wrist length and grip power were measured. Examination of BMD of the lumbar spine and proximal femur by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed. Correlation coefficients between BMDs and values of physical characteristics were determined. Lumbar BMD was examined to determine whether the following factors were positive or negative: past history, alcohol consumption, smoking habit, dietary habit, exercise, and in addition, pregnancy times and menstrual status for women. Among the values of physical characteristics, body weight was the most closely correlated with lumbar BMD. The items that showed significantly high values as factors affecting lumbar BMD were a past history of diabetes mellitus (men and women in their 70s), and exercise (men in their 50s and women in their 40s). Regarding pregnancy times and menstruation, BMD in women with a history of childbirth was significantly higher than that in those without the history among the women in their 70s. Although the BMD in the women with lactation was significantly lower than that in those without it among the women in their 40s, there was no difference in BMD between the women with and without the history who were 50 years old or over. The effect of menstrual status was investigated according to years after menopause in the women in their 50s. BMD was significantly lower in the women with ar least six years after menopause than in those within five years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Total body bone mineral density in young children: influence of head bone mineral density.

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) with its short scan time, low radiation dose, and high precision and accuracy have made this technique particularly suitable for measuring total body bone mineral density (TBMD) in children. Other published reports have related TBMD to age in children 2-18 years of age. However, in young normal children aged 2-9 years (51 girls, 43 boys), we found that regression equations for TBMD with age as the predictor did not explain enough of the variance to warrant their use for predicting TBMD (adjusted R2 0.47, females; 0.41, males). Subtotal BMD (TBMD-head BMD) is predicted better by age because of a possibly invalid adult algorithm for head BMD (adjusted R2 0.73, females; 0.71, males).

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2004

Relationship between changes in bone mineral density and vertebral fracture risk associated with risedronate: greater increases in bone mineral density do not relate to greater decreases in fracture risk.

Low bone mineral density (BMD) is correlated with increased fracture risk. Whether greater BMD increases induced by osteoporosis drugs are related to greater decreases in fracture risk is controversial. We analyzed the relationship between BMD change and fracture risk in postmenopausal osteoporotic women receiving antiresorptive treatment. The analysis combined data from three pivotal risedronate fracture end-point trials. Women received risedronate (n = 2047) or placebo (n = 1177) daily for up to 3 yr. The BMD and vertebral radiographs were assessed periodically during 3 yr. The estimated risk of new vertebral fracture was compared between patients whose BMD increased and those whose BMD decreased. Risedronate-treated patients whose BMD decreased were at a significantly greater risk (p = 0.003) of sustaining a vertebral fracture than patients whose BMD increased. The fracture risk was similar (about 10%) in risedronate-treated patients whose increases in BMD were < 5% (the median change from baseline) and in those whose increases were >/= 5% (p = 0.453). The changes in lumbar spine BMD explained only 18% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10%, 26%; p < 0.001) of risedronate's vertebral fracture efficacy. Although patients showing an increase in BMD had a lower fracture risk than patients showing a decrease in BMD, greater increases in BMD did not necessarily predict greater decreases in fracture risk.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2002

Metacarpal bone mineral density, body mass index and lifestyle among postmenopausal Japanese women: relationship of body mass index, physical activity, calcium intake, alcohol and smoking to bone mineral density: the Hizen-Oshima study.

The present study was designed to investigate the influence of modifiable risk factors (body weight and lifestyle) for bone loss on bone mineral density (BMD). We examined age-specific changes in metacarpal BMD, and its associations with body mass index and lifestyle among 532 community-dwelling postmenopausal Japanese women. Measurements of the second metacarpal BMD were obtained from the hand radiographs using computer-assisted radiographic absorptiometry. Body height and weight were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Physical activity index was calculated using validated questionnaire. Daily calcium intake and amount of ingested alcohol were estimated by semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Current smoking status was obtained by questionnaire. Metacarpal BMD decreased significantly with increasing age. Simple correlation analysis indicated that metacarpal BMD correlated significantly with BMI and physical activity index. On the other hand, metacarpal BMD did not correlate with calcium intake and alcohol drinking. Metacarpal BMD in current smokers was not different from that in nonsmokers. Multiple regression analysis showed that increasing age was associated with decreased metacarpal BMD and greater BMI increased metacarpal BMD. However, physical activity, calcium intake, alcohol drinking and current smoking were not significant determinants of metacarpal BMD. Our findings suggest that maintenance of adequate body mass (prevention for leanness) is important for prevention of postmenopausal bone loss.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Comparison of platelet-rich plasma, bovine porous bone mineral, and guided tissue regeneration versus platelet-rich plasma and bovine porous bone mineral in the treatment of intrabony defects: a reentry study.

BACKGROUND: A combination of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), bovine porous bone mineral (BPBM), and guided tissue regeneration (GTR) has been shown to be effective in promoting reduction in probing depth, gain in clinical attachment, and defect fill in intrabony periodontal lesions. The individual role played by PRP, BPBM, and GTR in this combined therapy is unclear and needs to be elucidated. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical effectiveness of 2 regenerative techniques for intrabony defects in humans: a combination of PRP/BPBM/GTR versus a combination of PRP/BPBM. METHODS: Twenty-one patients participated in the study. Using a split-mouth design, interproximal bony defects were surgically treated with either a combination of PRP/BPBM/GTR or PRP/BPBM. The primary outcomes of the study included changes in probing depth, attachment level, and defect fill as revealed by reentry surgeries at 6 months post-treatment. RESULTS: At 6 months postoperatively, clinical examination of the treated defects revealed that both treatment modalities resulted in significant probing depth reduction and clinical attachment gain compared to baseline values. Probing depth improvement was 3.98 +/- 1.02 mm on buccal and 3.94 +/- 0.94 mm on lingual sites for the PRP/BPBM group and 4.19 +/- 0.88 mm on buccal and 4.21 +/- 0.92 mm on lingual sites for the PRP/BPBM/GTR group. Gain in clinical attachment was 3.78 +/- 0.72 mm on buccal and 3.84 +/- 0.76 mm on lingual sites for the PRP/BPBM group and 4.12 +/- 0.78 mm on buccal and 4.16 +/- 0.83 mm on lingual sites for the PRP/BPBM/GTR group. Reentry surgeries revealed similar defect fill for both treatment groups (PRP/BPBM group: 4.82 +/- 1.34 mm on buccal and 4.74 +/- 1.30 mm on lingual sites; PRP/BPBM/GTR group: 4.96 +/- 1.28 mm on buccal and 4.78 +/- 1.32 mm on lingual sites). None of the differences between the 2 treatment groups was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that both combinations of PRP/BPBM/GTR and PRP/BPBM are effective in the treatment of intrabony defects present in patients with advanced chronic periodontitis. The results also suggest that GTR adds no clinical benefit to PRP/BPBM. Further studies are necessary to assess the individual role played by PRP and BPBM in the clinical outcome achieved with their combination.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Bone mineral density (BMD) distribution in edentulous mandible--a measuring system for bone mineral content with computed radiography (CR)].

The purpose of this study was to develop a measuring system for bone mineral density(BMD) using computed radiography and to measure BMD distribution in the edentulous mandible. Nine 2-3 mm thick sequential cross-sectional bone slices were obtained from five cadaveric mandibles. Each slice in cross-sectional view on X-ray image was divided into 64 elements and BMD distribution was investigated. The results were as followed: 1. BMD measuring system: The accuracy was 1.4%(relative error) and the reproducibility was 1.1%(CV). 2. BMD distribution in edentulous mandible: 1) BMD varied from slice to slice, decreasing from anterior to posterior in both cortical and cancellous bone on the inferior and lingual side. The BMD of buccal cancellous bone was relatively higher than that of the lingual side and remained fairly constant throughout. The BMD of buccal cortical bone showed a slight posterior increase. 2) Greater individual variation of BMD was observed near mental foramen and in incisor lingual and inferior cancellous bone. Our system demonstrated excellent precision and reproducibility BMD distribution varied near regions of muscle attachment and the mandibular canal. Further, it was suggested that strong implant stability in the molar region may be obtained by installation of the fixtures in the buccal cancellous area.

Bone Density↗
PubMed2003

[Study of optimal X-ray exposure conditions in consideration of bone mineral density: relation between bone mineral density and image contrast].

Bone mineral density (BMD) increases through infancy and adolescence, reaching a maximum at 20-30 years of age. Thereafter, BMD gradually decreases with age in both sexes. The image contrast of radiographs of bones varies with the change in BMD owing to the changes in the X-ray absorption of bone. The image contrast of bone generally is higher in the young adult than in the older adult. To examine the relation between BMD and image visibility, we carried out the following experiments. (1) We measured the image contrast of radiographs of a lumbar vertebra phantom in which BMD was equivalent to the average BMD for each developmental period. (2) We examined image visibility at various levels of imaging contrast using the Howlett chart. The results indicated that differences in BMD affect the image contrast of radiographs, and, consequently, image visibility. It was also found that image visibility in the young adult was higher than that in the older adult. The findings showed that, in digital radiography of young adults with high BMD, X-ray exposure can be decreased according the ratio of improvement in image visibility.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Prediction of bone mineral density of lumbar spine, hip, femoral neck and Ward's triangle by forearm bone mineral density.

Bone mineral density (BMD) of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at both radius and ulna were measured to evaluate the correlation of those and BMD at lumbar (L) spine, hip, femoral neck and Ward's triangle. The 64 simple linear regression analysis was calculated to postulate the predicted equation by using the BMD at supradistal, distal 1/10, distal 1/6 and distal 1/3 of both forearms as independent variables, while the dependent variables were BMD at L1-L4 spine, total hip, femoral neck and Ward's triangle. 115 patients aged between 41-79 years (mean age 55.97+/-8.34 years) from the menopausal clinic, Pramongkutklao Hospital, were scanned at both forearms by Panasonic (DXA-70) DEXA and at non forearm regions by Hologic (QDR 4500) DEXA on the same day. The results showed that the BMD of each of the 4 parts of both radius and ulna had positive correlation to those of L-spine, total hip, femoral neck and Ward's triangle with r = 0.4012 to 0.7032 (P<0.001 for all). The greater distal of the forearm, the better correlation of BMD to the non forearm BMD. The 64 simple linear regression equations were constructed with regression coefficient ranging from 0.6048 to 1.9011 (P<0.001 for all). When considering the non forearm BMD, the mean BMD at Ward's triangle significantly declined more rapidly than that of L-spine, total hip and femoral neck (P<0.05 for all). It indicated that there was an early change of BMD at Ward's triangle. However, this change followed the forearm BMD. Distal forearm BMD was the earliest sign of bone loss. We can predict non forearm BMD by supradistal and distal 1/10 of forearm BMD.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2006

[Description of bone mineral density distribution in women and the research of epidemiology forecast model of bone mineral density in women].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the distribution of bone mineral density (BMD) with age and to depict independent effects of age, year since menopause, height and weight on BMD and then to develop predictive model based on such determinants. METHODS: 3008 pair of female twins were enrolled and their sociodemographic and envionmental data were collected with a standard questionnaire. Dual-energy X ray absorptionmetry (DPX) was used to measure subjects' BMD of all bones. Statistic analysis were done by applying SAS 6.12 and SPLUS software. RESULTS: The outcome variables studied here included BMDs of second to forth lumbar spine, total spine, femoral neck, wards' triangle, trochanter, arm and total body. Our results showed that BMDs of all sites changed with age similarly, but both the age when peak bone mass reached and the bone mass loss varied among different site. Those made of trabecular mainly reached peak bone mass earlier and began to bone mass loss earlier, and the loss rates were higher. BMD values was affected by age, years since menopause, height and weight, but the independent effect of each variables was nonlinear over the whole age range studied here; All subjects were classfied into three groups according to their age, and predictive models for each bone site were developed. These models were tested and found that the predictive values of bone mass density, obtained by these predictive model, were similar to their actual values. CONCLUSION: Our result showed that BMD values can be predicted by some easily measure variables based on the predictive models provided in this study, which provides a simple method to diagnose Osteoporosis for rural female.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Some contributions from the doctor of the miners in the Simplon tunnel: The most human of victories. The Provinces of Italy to the Simplon tunnel. The family of the miner at Simplon. 1906.

Similarly to Daniele Pometta (1869-1949) on the northern front, Giuseppe Volante (1870-1936) from Turin, a valid clinician and hygiene expert was the field doctor for the firm of Brandt, Brandau e C., on the southern part of the Simplon tunnel for the whole period of its excavation (1898-1906). He meticulously organised and carried out with determination the main mission entrusted him which was to prevent the hookworm epidemic which a mere twenty years earlier had cast its shadow over the St. Gotthard tunnel. Volante also authoritatively directed the first aid post and the hospital that the company built at Nante. Evidence of Volante's vast medical experience was seen in the scientific works he published as well as in a report published in the acts of the International Conference on Work-related Illnesses (Volante, 1906a) and then in a comunication at No. 3 Italian Congress on Work-related Illnesses in Turin (Volante, 1911). There are three interesting works reproduced here (Volante, 1906b-c-d) which are substantially aimed at a broad readership and which clearly illustrate the work carried out, the experience gained and also the author's cultural background. Volante's remarks and the data he supplies are "official" but show no sign of partiality; they convey the grandness of the work he contributed towards creating and in some ways also the "generosity" of the company towards the labour force who "only" went on strike three times for better pay, fewer hours and improved working conditions. Volante's opinion on the low morbidity and mortality of the workers is certainly motivated although it is still relative, first and foremost because he had the tragedy of the St Gotthard as a yardstick, but also because it was swayed by the idea, widespread at the time, of fatalism about the potentially negative effects of the type of work. During the International Conference in 1906 Violante was awarded a gold medal for the work he had conducted, and for three years afterwards he worked under Luigi Devoto (1864-1936) in Milan. After that, he returned to his native Turin where he practised urology. According to his direct descendents, he died aged 64 from respiratory insufficiency the causes of which included a "pneumoconiosis" diagnosed by Prof. Quarelli (1881-1954), a renowned doctor of work-related illnesses, which he had obviously contracted in the period when he had been the doctor of the miners (Gius Volante, 2006).

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1993

[Measurements of bone mineral density of lumbar vertebrae in the lateral projection by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry--comparison with anteroposterior spinal and radial bone mineral measurements].

Bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar vertebral bodies in the lateral projection were evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) with respect to reproducibility of spinal bone measurements in two projections in healthy men, age-related bone mass changes in healthy women, and the bone mass in osteoporotic women. The BMD of the third lumbar vertebral body in the lateral projection (L3-LAT-BMD) and of the entire third lumbar vertebra in the anteroposterior projection (L3-AP-BMD) were measured with DEXA. The BMD of the distal metaphysis and distal diaphysis of the left radius were measured by single photon absorptiometry. The coefficient of variation in six men aged from 24 to 28 years was 1.7% for L3-LAT-BMD and 1.8% for L3-AP-BMD. In 82 healthy women ranging from 26 to 69 years of age (mean 50 years), BMD decreased rapidly after 50 years of age and above at all measured sites. However L3-LAT-BMD value showed wide distribution and decreased at an earlier age. Correlations within the two BMD values in the same bones were high (r = 0.799 for the vertebra and 0.803 for the radius), while those for any two BMD parameters for different bones were relatively low, with r values varying from 0.456 to 0.560. In 22 women with involutional osteoporosis ranging from 54 to 75 years of age (mean 65), values for L3-LAT-BMD and BMD of the distal metaphysis of the radius were lower than values predicted based on BMD of healthy women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1997

[Knee joint arthrosis of the miner--an occupational disease. On the double etiology of gonarthrosis of the miner].

The etiology of the osteoarthrosis is a multifactorial causality. Some factors, the preosteoarthrotic deformities, which concur with the recovery, are well known. The factors of the primary osteoarthrosis are still in the dark and require research. It is presented, that by the miner, the co-operation of several preosteoarthrotic deformities, especially the preosteoarthrotic deformity "repeated knee microtrauma" with unknown factors, leads to the high rate of knee wear and tear which makes the osteoarthrosis after occupational knee strain by mineworkers into an occupational disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Association of bone mineral density with vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism--changes in radial bone mineral density with long-term follow-up: longitudinal study].

Recent studies have shown that genetic effects on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover are related to vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism. However, discordant studies have been published and it is still not clear whether VDR genotypes influence bone mass accretion and/or postmenopausal bone loss. To assess allelic influence of the VDR gene on BMD, we determined changes in 1/6-radial-BMD by several repeat measurements in the same subjects for about ten years and analyzed VDR polymorphism of BsmI restriction enzyme in 53 normal healthy Japanese women (age: 50.3 +/- 4.7 years, mean +/- SD). Twenty-seven (age: 53.2 +/- 4.7 years) of the subjects were post-menopausal (POST group). Among these 53 subjects, the distribution of bb, Bb and BB genotypes was 64.2%, 34% and 1.9%, respectively. The genotype frequencies in this study were very similar to those in previous reports concerning other Japanese women. There was no difference between the b group (women with bb genotype) and B group (women with BB or Bb genotype) in age, body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), years since menopause, serum osteocalcin and serum alkaline phosphatase values. In the POST group, BMD of the B group at menopause was lower than that of the b group (p < 0.05). About ten years after menopause, BMD did not differ significantly between these groups because the decrease in BMD in the b group was larger than that in the B group. Regarding changes in BMD in the POST group for four years after menopause, BMD of the b group was significantly decreased compared with the B group (p < 0.01). Our findings suggest that the differences in BMD by VDR genotype were larger among pre- and pri-menopausal women and seemed to decrease with years after menopause. It is suggested that there are other factors influencing BMD and postmenopausal bone loss in elderly women.

Bone Density↗