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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Iron status in a group of long-stay mentally handicapped menstruating women: some dietary considerations.

As part of a longitudinal study aimed at assessing the dietary intakes and nutritional status of a group of long-stay mentally handicapped subjects, 15 women of menstruating age were considered for a substudy to assess the influence of intake levels of dietary iron, energy, tea, coffee and vitamin C on their iron status. The assessment comprised a week-long weighed dietary survey and the measurement of a number of haematological indices that included serum ferritin concentration. Information on duration of menses was also collected and included in the assessment. Two-fifths of the subjects assessed had a serum ferritin concentration less than 12 micrograms/l indicating iron deficiency, including one who was considered anaemic as suggested by a haemoglobin level less than 12 g/dl. Duration of menses showed a negative significant correlation with serum ferritin concentration. The mean iron intake in the group was 9.5 +/- 1.5 mg/day. Energy intakes were low and positively correlated with iron intake. Although serum ferritin showed no correlation with iron intake, it showed significant negative correlations with the daily and meal-time intakes of tea and a significant positive correlation with the meal-time intakes of vitamin C. The six iron-depleted subjects were assessed as a separate group (Group I) in comparison with the other nine subjects who had a serum ferritin concentration greater than 12 micrograms/l. The results of this assessment showed that, while there were no significant differences in duration of menses or the mean daily intakes of iron and energy between the two groups. Group I subjects had significantly higher daily and meal-time intakes of tea and significantly lower meal-time intakes of vitamin C compared to Group II subjects. The study provides some evidence suggestive of an association between the iron deficiency states observed and tea intake in adversely affecting iron status, particularly in the absence of adequate meal-time intakes of vitamin C. The findings from the study also suggest that long-stay mentally handicapped women of menstruating age, in addition to their handicap and dependency states which may often predispose them to a low dietary intake, are at particular risk of iron deficiency.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Absorption of menstrual discharge by tampons inserted during menstruation: quantitative assessment of blood and total fluid content.

The simultaneous absorption of genital secretions and blood was assessed in 61 intravaginal tampons from eight young, healthy, nulliparous volunteers during menstruation. The tampons were self-inserted over the first 3 days of menstruation according to the habit of each subject. Wide variations in the amount of blood and fluid absorbed were noted within and between subjects. The mean amount of genital secretion absorbed was 0.31 g/h and that of menstrual blood was 0.76 g/h. The average tampon absorbed 65% blood and 35% genital secretion.

Absorption↗
PubMed1986

Dietary determinants of the iron status in menstruating women.

Serum ferritin, haemoglobin, serum iron and total iron binding capacity were determined in 203 healthy menstruating women (32.9 +/- 0.6 years). Demographic and medical data were collected in the whole sample. Dietary intakes were evaluated by the dietary history method in a randomized subsample of 127 women. One fifth of the women had exhausted iron stores, as defined by a serum ferritin of 12 micrograms/l or less. The duration of menses influenced the serum ferritin concentration but contraception did not. Most of women had daily iron intake below the recommended dietary allowances for menstruating women. Serum ferritin was not correlated with daily total iron intake. But a relationship was found between serum ferritin and dietary intakes; intakes of meat, dairy products and coffee had a significant effect of serum ferritin concentration.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Incidence of painful menstruation in Macedonia].

A total of 6930 pupils born between 1955 and 1966 were inquired by a questionnaire. It has been found that painful menstruation was present in 2786 pupils (40.20%) Along with a high percentage of painful menstruations, a high percentage of menstrual disturbances was recorded in younger pupils. Certain differences were found among the nationalities and also in relation to pupils from towns and villages.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Retrograde menstruation in healthy women and in patients with endometriosis.

Blood was found in the peritoneal fluid in 90% of women with patent tubes at laparoscopy during perimenstrual time. If the fallopian tubes were occluded, then only 15% of patients had evidence of blood in the pelvis. Also, 90% of patients with endometriosis and eight of nine women on oral contraceptives had bloody fluid during the menstrual period. The present observations indicate that retrograde menstruation through the fallopian tubes into the peritoneal cavity is a very common physiologic event in all menstruating women with patent tubes.

Ascitic Fluid↗
PubMed1981

Retrograde menstruation in women undergoing chronic peritoneal dialysis.

Blood in the peritoneal dialysis catheter just before menstruation was regularly observed in 9 of 11 premenopausal women maintained on peritoneal dialysis for end-stage renal failure. Peritoneal bleeding at other times during the menstrual cycle was not seen in any of these patients. Likewise, peritoneal bleeding in men or nonmenstruating women on chronic peritoneal dialysis was exceedingly rare, was not periodic, and usually was due to recognizable causes. These observations suggest that retrograde menstrual bleeding into the peritoneal cavity is the rule rather than the exception in women on peritoneal dialysis and possibly in all menstruating women. Implications of this observation for the pathogenesis of endometriosis and dysmenorrhea are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Dopaminergic inhibition of pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion is abnormal in regularly menstruating women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the influence of low doses of dopamine (DA) (0.4 micrograms/kg per minute), on the secretion pattern of LH. DESIGN: Prospective randomized, single blind, placebo-controlled crossover study with infusion of DA or placebo in the follicular phase in regularly menstruating women with insulin-dependent diabetic mellitus (IDDM) and controls during 9.5 hours. SETTING: Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. PATIENTS: Eight regularly menstruating IDDM women and eight controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mean LH, LH pulse amplitude, and LH pulse frequency. RESULTS: During placebo infusion no significant differences in basal LH values, pulse amplitude, and pulse frequency were seen between IDDM women and controls. In diabetics, basal LH levels and pulse amplitude decreased significantly during DA infusion (3.1 +/- 1.2 mIU/mL (conversion factor to SI unit, 1.00; mean +/- SD) and 0.9 +/- 0.3 mIU/mL, respectively) compared with placebo (4.5 +/- 1.1 and 1.2 +/- 0.4 mIU/mL, respectively). In normal women no significant changes were observed (basal LH 3.0 +/- 1.8 versus 3.2 +/- 1.6 mIU/mL and pulse amplitude 1.6 +/- 0.6 versus 1.5 +/- 0.9 mIU/mL). The LH pulse frequency during DA infusion was not different from placebo in either normal (9.0 +/- 2.7 versus 10.3 +/- 4.0) or diabetic women (11.8 +/- 2.1 versus 10.9 +/- 1.8). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that diabetic women are more sensitive to a small increase in peripheral DA concentration. An abnormal permeability of the blood-brain barrier in IDDM patients could explain a greater exposure of the hypothalamic structures, regulating the pituitary gonadotropin hormone secretion.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist following follicular aspiration in donor oocyte program--impact on subsequent menstruation.

OBJECTIVE: The present study evaluated the impact of continuous administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) following oocyte retrieval of oocyte donors in a donor oocyte program. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Six patients from a donor oocyte program who underwent controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with midluteal GnRH-a and human menotropin had more than 20 mature ovarian follicles and serum estradiol levels > or = 3,000 pg/mL on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin administration. These patients resumed the use of GnRH-a immediately following follicular aspiration. Three patients continued daily injection until the onset of next menses, while three took it irregularly, due to poor compliance. RESULTS: Only one of the three patients who administered GnRH-a daily developed mild symptoms of ovarian hyperstimulation, and all resumed menstruation within 13 days following aspiration. All three patients who failed to comply, and used GnRH-a sporadically, developed symptoms of ovarian hyperstimulation and experienced delayed menstrual periods. One of these three patients required hospitalization. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that continuous postaspiration GnRH-a use may be beneficial for oocyte donors whose ovaries are hyperstimulated. Sporadic administration of GnRH-a is not effective and may delay the resumption of spontaneous menstruation.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Prevention and treatment of intrauterine device caused abnormal menstruation by huan-an powder].

Huan-an Powder (HA) was used to prevent and treat the intrauterine device (IUD) caused abnormal menstruation in 155 cases, who were divided into the prevention group and treatment group. In the former, 70 cases had taken the powder, resulting in no obvious difference in their amounts of menstrual blood, menstrual period, menstrual cycle and hemoglobin between after and before the applying of IUD (P > 0.05). In the latter, there were 85 cases, of whom, 30 with hypermenorrhea, 30 with menostaxis, and 25 with preceded menstrual cycle, the total effective rate was 90%, 93% and 88% respectively. After HA was used, the amount of the menstrual blood was significantly reduced, the menstrual period markedly shortened (P < 0.01), while the menstrual cycle was prolonged and hemoglobin increased significantly (P < 0.01). The results showed that HA is a good recipe in preventing and treating abnormal menstruation caused by applying IUD, with highly effective and safe, and without any side effects and contraindications.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Expression of angiotensin II and its receptor subtypes in endometrial hyperplasia: a possible role in dysfunctional menstruation.

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is associated with hyperplastic endometrium, and angiotensin II may affect cyclic menstruation. Cellular distribution of angiotensin II and its receptor subtypes (AT1 and AT2) in hyperplastic endometria from patients who had dysfunctional uterine bleeding with or without progestogen treatment was investigated by immunocytochemistry and quantitative receptor autoradiography. Angiotensin II-like immunoreactivity decreased in the hyperplastic endometrial stroma and glandular epithelia compared with normal cyclic endometria. The pattern of angiotensin II immunostaining on perivascular stromal cells in hyperplastic endometria was markedly different from that detected in the normal endometrium. The angiotensin II-like immunostaining was more intense in the progestogen-treated endometria compared with normal endometria. In the progestogen-treated endometrium from patients who had regular menstrual cycles, the angiotensin II-like immunostaining was localized in the perivascular stromal cell, as seen in the normal cyclic endometrium. Both AT1 and AT2 receptor levels in the hyperplastic and progesterone-treated endometria were significantly lower than the levels detected in normal endometrium. The results suggest that the normal function of angiotensin II in endometrium may be essential for regular cyclic menstruation and that alteration in the distribution of angiotensin II and/or the levels of its receptors are likely to be involved in dysfunctional uterine bleeding associated with hyperplastic endometria.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1996

[Thrombolytic treatment for acute myocardial infarction in menstruating women].

A 44-year-old woman was admitted to the intensive cardiac care unit due to an extensive anterior myocardial infarction of acute onset. Because she was menstruating, thrombolytic treatment was relatively contraindicated. On primary coronary angioplasty, an occluding clot was found in her proximal, left anterior coronary artery. Despite menstrual bleeding, 500,000 IU/10 min of urokinase was infused into the artery. After restoration of blood flow, angioplasty was performed and a 90% residual stenosis was found in the artery. She was then fully heparinized for 5 days and concomitantly given aspirin, 100 mg/day. There were no complications, nor was menstrual bleeding excessive. She was discharged in good clinical and hemodynamic status after 10 days of hospitalization. Based on our experience, and reinforced by an additional 23 cases reported by others, we suggest that thrombolytic treatment should not be withheld even in menstruating women, when access to primary, coronary angioplasty is not available.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Reproductive hormone profiles in regularly menstruating Sudanese women.

Venous blood samples were taken daily from 21 regularly menstruating Sudanese women throughout one complete menstrual cycle. FSH, LH, estradiol-17 beta and progesterone were assayed in all plasma samples and normal reference ranges were thus established. Fifteen subjects had a luteal phase of more than 12 days whilst in 3 subjects it was shorter. Two subjects were found to be hyperprolactinemic and one had an anovulatory cycle with an elevated LH. The plasma concentrations of estradiol-17 beta in the follicular phase and progesterone in the luteal phase were significantly lower in subjects with short luteal phase than in those with a luteal phase of more than 12 days. The hormonal profile of FSH, LH, estradiol-17 beta and progesterone throughout a normal menstrual cycle in regularly menstruating Sudanese women was similar to what has been reported in the literature for other ethnic groups.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Serum levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 are decreased in women receiving oral contraceptives compared with normally menstruating women: implications in atherosclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: The primary objective was to assess whether short-term changes in estradiol (E2), such as those observed in the menstrual cycle, alter serum levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), and whether VCAM-1 expression is suppressed in long-term users of exogenous estrogens. The secondary objective was to assess the association, if any, between inflammatory cytokines and expression of sVCAM-1. DESIGN: Prospective collection of serum samples in healthy volunteers. SETTING: University hospital. PATIENTS(S): Thirty-one normally menstruating women and 37 oral contraceptive (OC) users. Interventions included serum collection in the early follicular, late follicular, and midluteal phases of the menstrual cycle and once in oral contraceptive users. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Samples were assayed for sVCAM-1, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin (IL)-6 by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). Estradiol (E2) was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). RESULT(S): Oral contraceptive users had significantly lower serum levels of sVCAM-1 compared with normally menstruating women. No significant change was noted in the mean values of sVCAM-1 throughout the menstrual cycle, despite the significant change in 17beta-estradiol levels. Throughout the menstrual cycle, a significant correlation was noted between the serum levels of TNF-alpha and sVCAM-1. The serum levels of IL-6 correlated with those of sVCAM-1 in the late follicular and midluteal phase of the cycle. Similar correlations were observed in OC users. CONCLUSION(S): Long-term exposure to exogenous estrogens suppresses serum levels of sVCAM-1. Short-term changes in endogenous estrogens, as observed during the menstrual cycle, may not alter VCAM-1 expression; TNF-alpha and IL-6 may play a role in the regulation of VCAM-1 expression in vivo.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Plasma TBARS, blood GSH concentrations, and erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities in regularly menstruating women with ovulatory and anovulatory menstrual cycles.

BACKGROUND: Vigorous physical activity and subsequent depressed ovarian hormone secretion resulting in anovulatory menstrual cycles can affect erythrocyte antioxidant system in premenopausal women and contribute to attenuated protection against oxidative stress. METHODS: A total of 17 regularly menstruating women participated in the study. Prospective subjects monitored their basal body temperature (BBT) for 3 months prior to the study. Plasma progesterone concentration was assayed between the 7th and 9th day and again between the 22nd and 25th day of the menstrual cycle and made possible the classification of participants as either ovulating or non-ovulating. Plasma 17-beta-estradiol concentration was determined on the same menstrual cycle days as progesterone. Plasma thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS) served as an index of plasma lipid peroxidation. Whole blood-reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity and erythrocyte catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase (GSH-RX) represented red cells antioxidants. RESULTS: In non-ovulating women, the lack of progesterone peak between the 22nd and 25th day of the menstrual cycle was demonstrated. In addition, markedly lower (P<0.008) plasma 17-beta-estradiol concentrations in non-ovulating females than in ovulating ones in the follicular phase was noted. In the luteal phase, plasma 17-beta-estradiol levels in non-ovulating subjects tended to be lower (P<0.06) than in ovulating counterparts. Mean concentrations of plasma thiobarbituric-reacting substances and blood-reduced glutathione and mean activities of glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase did not differ significantly in ovulating and non-ovulating women. In non-ovulating women, both between the 7th and 9th day and the 22nd and 25th day of the menstrual cycle, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was higher (P<0.02) than in their ovulating counterparts. In ovulating subjects, significant and inverse correlation was demonstrated between circulating estradiol and SOD activity in collected data from both follicular and luteal phases. CONCLUSIONS: Current results indicate that persistent ovarian hormone disturbances in regularly menstruating women, and resultant anovulation did not affect plasma lipid peroxidation and GSH-dependent erythrocyte antioxidant defense. However, lower plasma estradiol concentrations resulted in attenuated erythrocyte SOD inhibition and elevated enzyme activity. The mechanism of inhibitory estradiol action on erythrocyte SOD activity as well as the importance of this effect for antioxidant protection merits further studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Low-dose growth hormone-releasing factor may enhance folliculogenesis in regularly menstruating women: a preliminary study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of low-dose GH-releasing factor (GRF) on folliculogenesis in regularly menstruating women. DESIGN: Prospective clinical trial where individual patients served as their own control. SETTING: Outpatient Reproductive Endocrine/Infertility Clinic of the Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, California. PATIENTS: Seven regularly menstruating women. INTERVENTION: During treatment cycles, subjects received 100 micrograms SC GRF on cycle days 2 to 11 and were observed during a control cycle. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Follicle number and diameter, as well as endometrial thickness were all assessed by vaginal ultrasound and blood was obtained for serum FSH, LH, E2, P, GH, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3. RESULTS: During cycles treated with GRF, GH, and IGF-1 levels were normal. However, follicular growth rates and E2 to FSH ratios were significantly higher. The day of the peak E2 to follicular diameter ratio after GRF was earlier than in control cycles. Endometrial growth rates were also greater with GRF. CONCLUSIONS: Our data, although preliminary, support the hypothesis that low doses of GRF may independently stimulate the ovary and enhance folliculogenesis.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Dysmenorrhea after bilateral tubal ligation: a case of retrograde menstruation.

BACKGROUND: Endometriosis, arising de novo, is believed to be uncommon in women who have undergone bilateral tubal ligation because the occluded tube prevents outflow of blood and menses. CASE: A woman 10-year status-post bilateral tubal ligation suffered from dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia that began within 1 year after sterilization. At the time of bilateral tubal ligation, no endometriosis was observed. A recent magnetic resonance imaging scan showed no pelvic abnormalities, and the patient underwent a diagnostic laparoscopy in anticipation of finding endometriosis, yet none was found. At laparoscopy performed on day 3 of her menstrual cycle, the proximal segments of her occluded fallopian tubes were dilated with blood. As this was the only abnormality found, we postulated that her dysmenorrhea might be related to the dilated proximal tubal stumps. We evacuated the bloody fluid and occluded the proximal tube at the cornua with Filshie clips. One year after surgery, the patient remains asymptomatic. CONCLUSION: This case is unique because bilateral tubal ligation combined with retrograde menstrual flow appears to have caused dysmenorrhea. Women who have undergone tubal ligation and who have dysmenorrhea may benefit from a diagnostic laparoscopy during menstruation to evaluate the possibility of retrograde menstruation dilating the proximal tubal stumps.

Dilatation, Pathologic↗
PubMed2003

Plasma insulin and glucagon concentrations and biochemical variables in regularly menstruating females with ovulatory and anovulatory menstrual cycles.

Ovarian hormones are known to affect endocrine pancreas function. However, data concerning the effects of anovulatory menstrual cycles in regularly menstruating women on endocrine pancreas and blood metabolites are lacking. We examined plasma insulin, glucagon, glucose, lactate, urea and glycerol concentrations in reproductive-age, regularly menstruating females classified as ovulating or non-ovulating on the basis of basal body temperature measurements and plasma 17beta-estradiol and progesterone determinations. All measurements were performed twice--in the follicular and again in the luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. There were no differences in plasma lactate and glycerol concentrations between the two groups of subjects. Plasma insulin concentrations tended to be lower in non-ovulating than in ovulating women. In addition, plasma glucagon did not differ in the follicular (33.2 pmol/l) or luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in females with disturbed ovarian hormone secretion (34.1 pmol/l). In contrast, plasma glucagon concentrations in the luteal phase (32.8 pmol/l) were significantly higher than in the follicular phase (24.9 pmol/l) of the menstrual cycle in ovulating women. Plasma glucose concentrations in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle in non-ovulating women (4.1 mmol/l) were slightly but significantly lower than in their ovulating counterparts (5.3 mmol/l). Furthermore, no correlations were noted between plasma glucose and insulin-to-glucagon molar ratio in non-ovulating subjects. Plasma urea concentrations in non-ovulating women were markedly lower than in ovulating women in both follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle (4.1 and 3.9 mmol/l vs. 5.3 and 5.4 mmol/l in non-ovulating and ovulating women, respectively). In ovulating women, plasma urea levels in both cycle phases were significantly correlated with plasma glucagon concentrations, but no such correlation was found in non-ovulating women. In conclusion, anovulatory menstrual cycles in premenopausal females slightly altered pancreatic hormone plasma levels but markedly impaired their action on plasma glucose and urea concentrations.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Perception of the first menstruation].

598 adult women of 15 to 49 years of age and 214 young girls (aged 12 to 18) were included in the Berlin study of menstrual attitudes and behaviour. The methodical procedure relating to the evolving of the questionnaire and the concept of the study are described, followed by informative special aspects of the findings. This contribution focuses on the way in which women cope with menarche in relation to their experiences in other fields of intimacy and taboo, as well as on sex education. practiced sexuality, contraception, and later attitudes towards menstruation. Individual differences of attitudes and differences among generations are causes of women's different reactions to the monthly period. We define three different types of menstrual behaviour relevant to clinical practice and describe differently successful ways of coping with and mastering menstruation. We discuss indications, concepts and the extent of gynaecological advice and counselling required for young women as far as this particular part of female intimacy is concerned, which is still taboo in some respects. Suggestions based on medical psychology are given to stimulate gynaecological practice.

Adaptation, Psychological↗