SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Lung, Hyperlucent”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources

PubMed1992

[Clinical profile and treatment of acute pulmonary embolism].

The clinical profiles of 15 patients with acute pulmonary embolism (APE) were analysed. The most common symptoms of APE were tachypnea and tachycardia with sudden onset. Both PO2 and PCO2 had decreased in almost all patients (mean PO2: 50 mmHg, PCO2: 30 mmHg). Chest roentgenogram (X-P) revealed hyperlucency of the lung field, prominence of proximal pulmonary artery and cardiac enlargement. ECG showed SI QIII TIII and ST-T changes in half of the cases. These changes, however, disappeared within 4 days in most patients. Lung scan and digital subtraction pulmonary angiography were useful for the diagnosis. Sixty percent of patients recovered only by medical therapy, and embolectomy was performed in only two patients. Fifty-three percent of patients were, however, considered to be candidates for the embolectomy, and half of them died because of ineffective medical therapy. From these results we concluded that the combination of severe hypoxemia and hypocapnia with abnormal chest X-P can be used for a diagnostic or therapeutic decision. If a patient has those findings, pulmonary angiography is recommended together with thrombolytic therapy. If a large embolus is detected, embolectomy is mandatory. The need for surgical therapy for APE is greater than we had imagined.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1991

[A case of congenital bronchial atresia with obstructive pneumonia accompanied with partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage].

A 25-year-old male was admitted with productive cough and an abnormal shadow on chest X-ray film which showed a cylindrical shadow near the left hilum and consolidation in the markedly hyperlucent left upper lung field. The cylindrical shadow appeared to be located in left S1+2 but bronchographic examination showed independence of the branches of B1+2. Furthermore, pulmonary venography by DSA showed that the left upper pulmonary vein entered the left brachiocephalic vein. The patient underwent left partial lobectomy under a diagnosis of congenital bronchial atresia with partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. Pathological examination of the resected lung revealed obstructive pneumonia in the over-inflated lung zone, probably induced through collateral airways.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗

PubMed1997

[Pulmonary thromboembolism associated with antiphospholipid syndrome in scleroderma].

A 51-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with dyspnea. Chest roentgenogram on admission showed dilation of the pulmonary arteries and hyperlucency in the lung fields. An ultrasonic cardiographic examination showed that the right atrium and ventricle were dilated. Pulmonary thromboembolism due to left popliteal vein thrombosis was diagnosed by perfusion scintigram of the lung, which showed multiple wedge-shaped defects, and by digital subtraction angiogram, which showed a filing defect in the left popliteal vein. Antiphospholipid syndrome was diagnosed after IgG anticardiolipin antibody was defected. Scleroderma was subsequently diagnosed because the patient exhibited Raynaud's phenomenon and proximal scleroderma. Although closely associated with lupus erythematosus and other lupus variants, antiphospholipid syndrome has not been recognized as a common complication of scleroderma. This is the first report of a patient with pulmonary thromboembolism associated with antiphospholipid syndrome and scleroderma.

Antibodies, Anticardiolipin↗

PubMed2003

Basilar hyperlucency in a patient with emphysema due to hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome.

Disproportionate emphysematous involvement of the lung bases, compared with the apices, sometimes called basilar hyperlucency, is an unusual radiographic pattern that has been reported primarily in patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, but also in individuals with emphysema caused by intravenous injection of methylphenidate. We present a patient with emphysema associated with hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome and whose chest radiograph demonstrated basilar hyperlucency. To the extent that basilar hyperlucency has not been well recognized as a feature of hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome, this report extends the spectrum of causes of this unusual radiographic pattern of emphysema.

Complement System Proteins↗

PubMed1996

[Swyer-James syndrome with unilateral pulmonary edema].

A 64-year-old man with ischemic heart disease was admitted to our hospital because of dyspnea. A chest X-ray film showed a butterfly shadow in the right lung. A chest X-ray film obtained before the patient had respiratory symptoms showed hyperlucency of the left lung. CT scans obtained at maximal inspiration and expiration revealed air trapping. Pulmonary arteriography showed that the left pulmonary artery and its branches were very small. Cardiac catheterization showed poor cardiac function. Swyer-James syndrome should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with unilateral pulmonary edema.

Bronchial Diseases↗

PubMed1989

[A case of congenital bronchial atresia complaining of chest pain with anomalous pulmonary venous drainage].

A 21-year-old male was admitted to Chiba University Hospital because of chest pain on heavy exercise and an abnormal shadow on chest X-ray film. The chest film showed a nodular shadow located near the left hilum and marked hyperlucency in the left upper lung filed. These findings on chest film had existed for 13 years with gradual progression of the hyperlucent field. The nodular shadow appeared to be located in left S1 + 2 but bronchographic examination revealed that this abnormal shadow was independent of the branches of B1 + 2. Delays of imaging and washout in the ventilation scintigram with 133Xe gas and perfusion defect in the pulmonary perfusion scintigram with 133Xe were found in the left upper lung field. The patient was diagnosed as congenital bronchial atresia based on the evidence of special features on chest X-ray film and pulmonary ventilation/perfusion scintigrams. Furthermore, it was revealed by pulmonary venography that the left upper pulmonary vein entered the left brachiocephalic vein. Left upper lobectomy was carried out because of his complaint of chest pain on exertion and the compression of the left lower lobe by the overinflating lung. We discussed the cause of and relationship between congenital bronchial atresia and anomalous pulmonary venous drainage.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Hemoptysis following Mustard repair: a late complication.

Hemoptysis was the presenting symptom in a 4-year, 11-month-old male who had had a Mustard operation for hemodynamic correction of transposition of the great vessels at the age of five months. Chest roentgenography demonstrated hyperlucency of the left lung and tomography showed compression and narrowing of left main stem bronchus. Angiography documented the absence of antegrade flow in the left pulmonary artery and no pulmonary venous drainage on the left. The left lung was supplied by bronchial collateral arteries which drained by retrograde filling of the left pulmonary artery. It is surmised that pulmonary venous drainage on the left was compromised at surgery and that the dilated main pulmonary artery compressed the left main stem bronchus. This combination promoted bronchial collateral ingrowth. Hemoptysis is a complication of enlargement of bronchial collateral vessels.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed1997

Ventilation-perfusion scintigraphic correlation with multimodality imaging in a proven case of Swyer-James (Macleod's) syndrome.

The scintigraphic findings in a rare case of a unilateral matched ventilation perfusion defect, Swyer-James (Macleod's) syndrome, are presented. A 40-year-old man underwent ventilation/perfusion imaging for acute onset of dyspnea. The scan showed markedly diminished ventilation, vascular flow, and perfusion unilaterally on the left hemithorax. Chest radiography showed hyperlucency of the left lung. Pulmonary angiography showed left-sided hypovascularity, and the CT scan of the chest showed apical bullae and peribronchial thickening of the left lung. Ventilation/perfusion imaging and other radiologic assessment, along with the patient's medical history, confirmed the diagnosis of the Swyer-James syndrome. This condition should be considered as a differential diagnosis in a patient with unilaterally matched ventilation/perfusion deficits without an obvious etiology.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Congenital bronchial atresia: radiologic findings in nine patients.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to describe the radiologic findings to diagnose congenital bronchial atresia. METHODS: Chest radiographs, CT scans, and MRI of nine patients with congenital bronchial atresia were reviewed. RESULTS: Six patients (67%) had hilar mass-like shadows and hyperlucency of the peripheral lung field on chest radiographs. On chest CT scans, all patients demonstrated mucocele, occlusion of bronchus central to mucocele, and emphysematous change of the peripheral lung field. On chest MRI, performed in seven patients, all mucoceles demonstrated very high signal intensity on T2-weighted image, indicating that mucoceles were filled with fluid. CONCLUSION: Diagnosis of congenital bronchial atresia can be confirmed based on the findings of chest CT: mucocele, occlusion of bronchus central to mucocele, and emphysematous change of the peripheral lung field.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

Modification of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats.

Male rats received 25 Gy (2,500 rad) of gamma rays to the right hemithorax and were killed three or six months later. Microscopic pulmonary abnormalities developed sooner and progressed more rapidly in animals given control feed than in those given the collagen antagonist D-penicillamine (10 mg/day, p.o.). Three and four months after irradiation, hypoperfusion and radiographic hyperlucency of the right lung were observed in both the treated and control animals.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

[Congenital bronchomalacia of left main bronchus combined with lobar emphysema, pectus excavatum and right aortic arch--a case report].

One-year-old girl was admitted because of recurrent pneumonia and pectus excavatum. Chest X-ray showed hyperlucency at the upper lung field and infiltrated shadow at the lower field of the left lung. Bronchoscopy and bronchograms revealed marked collapse in a long segment of the left main bronchus during expiration. CT scan showed an emphysematous change and a giant bulla of left lung. Angiogram showed right aortic arch. Sternoturnover was performed at 5 years of age for pectus excavatum. After 10 months, left pneumonectomy was performed for bronchomalacia and lobar emphysema. Pathologic findings of the bronchus revealed that the rings were flattened, while the cartilage was microscopically normal.

Aorta, Thoracic↗

PubMed1990

[A case of Swyer-James syndrome diagnosed at age 70].

A male case of Swyer-James syndrome, who had been followed for bronchiectasis for a long time, detected at age 70 and diagnosed by radiological studies was reported. The movement of his left diaphragm was impaired. Arterial oxygen tension was 68 torr while breathing room air. Pulmonary function tests showed mixed ventilatory impairment, increase of residual volume, and uneven gas distribution, but diffusing capacity was normal with the single breath method. Chest radiograph revealed hyperlucency of the left lung and the right middle lung field. In these areas, pulmonary angiography showed marked hypovascularity and diffuse vascular atrophy, and perfusion and inhalation scans also showed marked decreased perfusion and ventilation. Pulmonary hypertension was not detected by right heart catheterization. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed and showed no abnormality of the left bronchial tree, and bronchography demonstrated diffuse cylindrical bronchiectasis of the left lung with no alveolar filling. He had suffered from chronic sinusitis for a long time, which might suggest that he had sinobronchitis due to congenital abnormality of the airway and this caused continuous respiratory infection, which could cause this syndrome. Including our own case, about 80 cases of Swyer-James' syndrome have been reported in Japan. But only 4 cases were above 70 years of age and all of them were male, and there has been no female cases above age 50. Males predominate over females, and in both sexes the left lung was more commonly affected than the right.

Aged↗

PubMed1986

Exercise-induced "asthma" as a presentation of bronchial carcinoid.

Exercise-induced wheezing developed in a previously healthy 14-year-old boy. Chest radiographs revealed hyperlucency of the left lung. Bronchial tomography and bronchoscopy revealed a mass in the left mainstem bronchus, identified as a carcinoid tumor after surgical excision. The patient is now asymptomatic. Exercise-induced wheezing as the sole manifestation of this tumor has not been previously reported.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

[Swyer-James syndrome with bronchial asthma and recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax].

An 18-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for treatment of the fifth episode of spontaneous pneumothorax. She had a history of repeated pneumonia in childhood and mycoplasma pneumonia at 12 years of age. A chest X-ray film revealed a left-sided pneumothorax, atelectasis of the left upper lobe, and hyperlucency of the left lung. A bronchogram showed poor filling of the peripheral bronchi by contrast medium and mild cylindrical bronchiectasis in the proximal bronchi. Pulmonary arteriography showed small left pulmonary arteries. From these findings, Swyer-James syndrome was diagnosed. This case was complicated by bronchial asthma, with eosinophilia, a high level of IgE, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Atelectasis, multiple bullae, and bronchial asthma had been caused by mycoplasma pneumonia in childhood. Recurrent pneumothorax had been caused by emphysematous changes in the bronchioli and by underdeveloped pulmonary arteries. Surgery to treat the recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax was considered, but was not done because of the risk of relapse and the ventilation-perfusion imbalance due to the Swyer-James syndrome.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Lung scintigraphy in the assessment of recurrent bronchitis and pneumonia in children.

Recurrent bronchitis and pneumonia in childhood are a significant factor in predisposing adults to chronic respiratory disease. Lung scintigraphy in children with recurrent respiratory problems very frequently shows regional abnormalities, even in the absence of radiological signs: the main problem being the correct clinical use of such a high sensitivity. Structural changes, also at the histological level, are accompanied by functional disturbances that cause lung scan abnormalities to become stable with time and are very likely responsible for persisting disease in adulthood: the above condition needs to be identified by means of follow-up scintigraphies. Moreover, any chronic respiratory condition that has already been diagnosed, like cystic-fibrosis, bronchiectasis, bronchopulmonary malformations, lung fibrosis, should be assessed and followed-up by means of lung scintigraphy. Suspected radiotransparent foreign-body inhalation, radiographical hyperlucencies (compensatory or pathological emphysema?), functional assessment before lung surgery, suspected mucociliary function impairment, suspected interstitial pneumonia, pre-bronchographic or angiographic assessment, all of the above conditions represent important indications to lung scintigraphy in children. Finally, it is wise pointing out that, in order to avoid false positive results towards the diagnosis of structural disease, any easily reversible functional impairment should be removed before the scan, by proper patient preparation: in children this is done by at least aerosol therapy with beta-agonists, local steroids and mucolytics for 1 week-10 days.

Bronchitis↗

PubMed1985

Tension ball valve mucus plug in asthma.

This report describes a patient with status asthmaticus and respiratory failure in whom profound hypoxemia developed during mechanical ventilation. During the hypoxemic episode, breath sounds were absent over the left lung, and chest radiography revealed a hyperlucent left hemithorax with tension shift of the mediastinum to the right. The presence of lung markings in the left lung on radiography eliminated the possibility of tension pneumothorax and led to the diagnosis of tension mediastinal shift secondary to a ball valve obstruction by a central mucus plug. Bronchoscopic lung lavage removed the mucus plug, thereby correcting the hypoxemia. Recognition of this previously undescribed acute complication of mechanical ventilation in status asthmaticus is essential so that confusion with tension pneumothorax is avoided and appropriate therapy instituted.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Comparison between morphologic changes seen on high-resolution CT and regional pulmonary perfusion seen on SPECT in patients with cystic fibrosis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between morphologic findings seen on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the lung and regional lung perfusion depicted on single photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) pulmonary perfusion imaging in patients with cystic fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten HRCT and 10 technetium-99 m macroaggregated albumin SPECT pulmonary perfusion imaging studies were performed on eight young adult patients who were considered to be clinically well and have mild to moderate cystic fibrosis. HRCT scans of the chest were evaluated using a CT scoring system which included grading of bronchiectasis, peribronchial thickening, hyperlucency, bullae, collapse/consolidation, and mucus plugging. Each lung was divided into six anatomic zones which were independently scored. A lung perfusion score (between 0 and 100), reflecting the percentage of compromised lung, was estimated for each zone. Axial lung perfusion SPECT images were matched anatomically to HRCT images. Lung function was considered compromised when the counts per pixel were less than 25 % of the count level seen in an area of the same patient's lung which was judged to be normal. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant relationship (P = 0.0001) between HRCT total scores and SPECT lung perfusion scores as well as between hyperlucency scores by HRCT and the SPECT lung perfusion scores. However, the HRCT score was a poor predictor of the lung perfusion score in zones with intermediate HRCT scores, which constituted 106 of 120 zones. CONCLUSION: Morphologic changes depicted by HRCT correlate with decreased lung pefusion on SPECT. However, HRCT changes accurately predict regional lung function only in the most normal and severely diseased lung zones.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Automated classification of hyperlucency, fibrosis, ground glass, solid, and focal lesions in high-resolution CT of the lung.

An automatic method for textural analysis of complete HRCT lung slices is presented. The system performs classification of regions of interest (ROIs) into one of six classes: normal, hyperlucency, fibrosis, ground glass, solid, and focal. We propose a novel method of automatically generating ROIs that contain homogeneous texture. The use of such regions rather than square regions is shown to improve performance of the automated system. Furthermore, the use of two different, previously published, feature sets is investigated. Both feature sets are shown to yield similar results. Classification performance of the complete system is characterized by ROC curves for each of the classes of abnormality and compared to a total of three expert readings by two experienced radiologists. The different types of abnormality can be automatically distinguished with areas under the ROC curve that range from 0.74 (focal) to 0.95 (solid). The kappa statistics for intraobserver agreement, interobserver agreement, and computer versus observer agreement were 0.70, 0.53+/-0.02, and 0.40+/-0.03, respectively. The question whether or not a class of abnormality was present in a slice could be answered by the computer system with an accuracy comparable to that of radiologists.

Automation↗