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PubMed1981

Human bronchoalveolar lavage cells and luminol-dependent chemiluminescence.

Human bronchoalveolar lavage cells from several different disease states were examined by the technique of zymosan-stimulated, luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. Light production correlated well with polymorphonuclear leucocyte contamination of the alveolar macrophage suspension but not with lymphocyte contamination. Regression analysis indicated that human alveolar macrophages produce little if any luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. Further investigation of metabolic activity, using measurements of superoxide release, oxygen consumption, and lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence, showed that "respiratory burst" activity in alveolar macrophages was stimulated by opsonised zymosan.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Kinetics of a rapid, luminol dependent chemiluminescence signal induced in HL-60 cells by amphotericin B and other stimulants.

Addition of the polyene antibiotic amphotericin B or tissue culture medium to nondifferentiated HL-60 cells in the presence of luminol induces a chemiluminescence signal that reaches a peak value within a few seconds and decays exponentially in less than a minute. The kinetics of the signal and its modulation by superoxide dismutase, catalase, and horseradish peroxidase are consistent with a series of solution biochemical processes with a rate-determining step corresponding to the disproportionation of a luminol-superoxide complex. The effects of the enzymes demonstrate that superoxide is a precursor to the rate-determining intermediate and that both catalase and peroxide enhance a reaction that competes with the rate-limiting process.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1994

Introduction of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence as a method to study silica inflammation in the tissue and phagocytic cells of rat lung.

The inhalation of silica has been shown to produce a dramatic inflammatory and toxic response within the lungs of humans and laboratory animals. A variety of cellular and biochemical parameters are used to assess the silica-induced lung injury. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the use of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence as a new method to study inflammation in both phagocytic cells and lung tissue recovered from silica-exposed animals. Chemiluminescence, or the emission of light, accompanies the release of reactive forms of oxygen when phagocytic cells are challenged. In this study, male Fischer 344 rats were intratracheally instilled with either silica (10 mg/100 g bw) or saline vehicle. One day after the instillations, a marked increase in the chemiluminescence was observed in the lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage cells recovered from the silica-treated animals when compared with the saline controls. The light reaction was markedly decreased by either superoxide dismutase of N-nitro-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride. Superoxide dismutase is involved in the enzymatic breakdown of superoxide anion, while N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrocholoride, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, prevents the formation of nitric oxide. When superoxide anion and nitric oxide react, they form the highly oxidizing substance peroxynitrite. This study then implicates peroxynitrite as an agent that may be responsible for some of the oxidant lung injury that is associated with silica exposure. The use of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence may prove valuable as a method to measure the earliest events in the inflammatory process, and may be an adjunct in studying the mechanisms that produce inflammation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of cinnamic and acrylic acids' derivatives on luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence of neutrophils.

Fourteen derivatives of cinnamic and acrylic acids were evaluated for their ability to modulate chemiluminescence, evoked by neutrophils that had been exposed to luminol and phorbol-myristate-acetate. Compounds with one or two hydroxyl groups on the phenyl ring demonstrated significant inhibition of the chemiluminescence, but this inhibition was diminished by methoxylation. Saturation of the double bond in the aliphatic chain of cinnamic acid at C6-enhanced the chemiluminescence to a small degree. All three acrylic acid derivatives demonstrated a marked inhibition of the luminol chemiluminescence, indicating that characteristics of the heterocyclic ring is of utmost importance in this activity.

Acrylates↗
PubMed2004

Effect of pH on inhibition and enhancement of luminol-H2O2-Co2+ chemiluminescence by phenolic compounds and amino acids.

The effect of pH on inhibition and enhancement of luminol-H2O2-Co2+ chemiluminescence (CL) by 18 phenolic compounds and 20 amino acids was studied. It was found that most of the tested compounds showed an inhibiting effect at lower pH and an enhancing effect at higher pH. At a midrange pH, for some phenolic compounds with two ortho-position -OH, both an inhibiting and an enhancing peak were simultaneously observed. UV-visible spectra of the tested phenolic compounds at different pH values were studied. The mechanism for CL inhibition and enhancement was proposed. It is likely that the competition of the -OH or the -NH2 group and other reducing groups in the molecules with luminol for O2*- led to the CL inhibition. A reaction of -COO(-) and quinone or ketone formed by phenolic compounds at higher pH via deprotonation with O2*- also resulted in the CL enhancement.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2001

Flow-injection electrogenerated chemiluminescence determination of isoniazid using luminol.

Based on a new electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) analytical idea, this paper explains a sensitive and selective flow-injection ECL method using luminol for the determination of isoniazid, based on the sensitizing effect of isoniazid for the weak ECL emission of electrochemically oxidized luminol. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the relative ECL intensity was linear with isoniazid concentration in the range of 4.0 x 10(-8) mol/L to 8.0 x 10(-6) mol/L and with a detecting limit of 2.8 x 10(-8) mol/L.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Flow-injection determination of ornidazole by chemiluminescence detection based on a luminol-ferricyanide reaction.

A flow-injection analysis (FIA) with a chemiluminescence detection method was developed for the determination of ornidazole based on the inhibition intensity of chemiluminescence from the luminol-ferricyanide system. Under the condition of 1.0 x 10(-3) mol/L luminol and 5.0 x 10(-6) mol/L potassium ferricyanide, the response to the concentration of omidazole is linear from 0.2 microg ml(-1) to 10 microg ml(-1), and a detection limit of 0.05 microg ml(-1) can be obtained. This method has been successfully applied to the determination of omidazole in pharmaceutical preparations.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed2006

An improved method for the flow-injection determination of iodine using the luminol chemiluminescence reaction in a reversed micellar medium of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride in 1-hexanol-cyclohexane.

To eliminate the use of chlorinated hydrocarbons, we have improved the method for the flow-injection (FI) determination of iodine based on the chemiluminescence reaction of iodine with luminol in a chloroform-free reversed micellar medium of the surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) using a mixture of 1-hexanol-cyclohexane as a bulk solvent. The FI procedure used simply involves the mixing of an iodine solution in cyclohexane with the chemiluminescent reagent solution of luminol in the reversed micellar medium of CTAC in 0.38 M 1-hexanol in cyclohexane/water (buffered with sodium carbonate). The optimum conditions for the iodine determination were evaluated and a detection limit (DL) of 0.05 ng cm(-3) iodine was achieved. The calibration graph obtained was linear with a dynamic range from the DL to 10 ng cm(-3) iodine. The relative standard deviations (n=5) observed at all concentrations within the linear range were less than 2.5%. The improved FI method is rapid and equally sensitive like the original one and was found to be suitable for the determination of trace iodine.

Cetrimonium↗
PubMed1998

Correlations between interleukin-8, and myeloperoxidase or luminol-dependent chemiluminescence in inflamed mucosa of ulcerative colitis.

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a peptide which induces not only chemotaxis of neutrophils but also the release of reactive oxygen metabolites from the neutrophils. There are few reports which clarify the relationships between IL-8 and mucosal infiltration of neutrophils or reactive oxygen metabolites produced by neutrophils in the colonic mucosa of ulcerative colitis (UC). Biopsy specimens of colonic mucosa obtained from 26 patients with active UC and 21 patients with inactive UC were studied in order to clarify the relationships among the inflammation factors in UC. Levels of IL-8 and myeloperoxidase in organ culture media of the biopsy specimens from active UC (measured by ELISA and EIA) were significantly higher than those from inactive UC and controls. Reactive oxygen metabolites of biopsy specimens in active UC (measured by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence) were also markedly increased compared to those in inactive UC and controls. The levels of IL-8 were closely correlated to luminol-dependent chemiluminescence or myeloperoxidase levels. However, the levels of IL-8 and myeloperoxidase did not correlate with the grades of activity on colonoendoscopic findings. These findings suggest that IL-8 may play a role in the pathophysiology of UC but it does not define the endoscopic activity grades of UC.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Influence of pH and temperature on the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes.

Human polymorphonuclear leucocytes were stimulated with the chemotactic peptide N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine and the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence produced was measured as a function of pH in the interval 6.85-7.70 and as a function of temperature in the interval 21-37 degrees C. The time response of the chemiluminescence signal after addition of the peptide consisted of two peaks at 21 degrees C. The separation in time between the maxima of the two peaks and the width of the second peak decreased with increasing temperature. The two peaks coalesced at 37 degrees C. The intensity of the initial peak showed a strong pH dependence, whereas the second peak was rather insensitive to pH changes. The results point to the importance of a rigorous control of pH and temperature if quantitative luminol-dependent chemiluminescence measurements are to be made. The results of this work also support the view that the initial peak originates from reactions taking place at the outside of the cell and that the second peak is caused by intracellular reactions.

Cell Count↗
PubMed2000

[Luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of whole blood in children often falling ill].

The functional activity of blood phagocytes, producing active oxygen forms (AOF), was studied by recording the spontaneous and prodigiosan-stimulated luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) of whole blood in 120 children aged 3-8 years, frequently falling ill, during remission. Three types of ratios of spontaneous and stimulated CL were distinguished, associated with different clinical patterns of acute respiratory disease: 1) increased spontaneous and stimulated CL, 2) decreased spontaneous and stimulated CL, and 3) increased spontaneous and low stimulated CL. Studies of luminol-dependent CL of whole blood helped evaluate the functional activity of blood phagocytes producing AOF and develop the treatment strategy.

Child↗
PubMed2001

In vitro effect of different non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte activity measured by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of the whole blood.

OBJECTIVE: To define the well-known variability in the effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and to search for predictors of such variability using an in vitro model. METHODS: Polymorphonuclear leukocyte activity was measured by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of the whole blood using barium sulphate as a stimulator. Blood was taken from 40 apparently healthy volunteers (22 males and 18 females; their age ranged from 20-50 years). Drugs (indomethacin 10 ug/ml, aspirin 300 ug/ml, ibuprofen 25 ug/ml or diclofenac 8 ug/ml) were added into the blood of each individual in vitro. The chemiluminescence was measured in a photon counting system. RESULTS: There was a marked inter and intra individual variation in the chemiluminescence response to the 4 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, added in vitro. The variation exhibited a continuous pattern. No statistically significant correlation was found between the in vitro effect of one non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and the other 3 drugs, nor between the effect of each drug and factors like age, sex, weight, height, packed cell volume, hemoglobin percentage and white blood cell count. Subjects with hemoglobin-AS type (number = 9) responded mainly by enhancement to indomethacin and diclofenac. When the number of subjects rather than the average net effect was compared according to blood groups, those with blood group A showed chemiluminescence responses towards enhancement with indomethacin and diclofenac and blood group O with aspirin. A consistent pattern of enhancement and inhibition was evident; enhancements and inhibitions by any 2 drugs involve a seemingly constant proportion of subjects. CONCLUSION: Luminol-dependent chemiluminescence responses of polymorphonuclear leukocyte activity could be a good in vitro model to study the variability in response to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Characteristics of each individual are not able to predict the pattern of variability. Abnormal hemoglobin and the type of blood group seem to be an interesting area for research.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inhibition of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of human granulocytes by low doses of inorganic mercury.

HgCl2, added in vitro to human granulocytes in whole blood, caused a marked inhibitory effect on the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence induced by BaSO4 crystals in suspension of these cells. The effect was both dose- and time-dependent when BaSO4 was used to stimulate the oxidative burst in granulocytes. Incubation with the highest concentration of HgCl2 used (10 mmol/L), however, did not cause disruption of the membranes of granulocytes. The effect of HgCl2 on the granulocytes was irreversible following washing of the HgCl2-treated cells with phosphate buffered saline. HgCl2 did not affect chemiluminescence produced when luminol was excited by oxidative hydrogen peroxide in a cell-free medium. These results suggest that some of the toxicity of HgCl2 may be greater than mediated by an action on the phagocytic immune system.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Inhibition of bleach-induced luminol chemiluminescence.

The luminol chemiluminescence presumptive test for blood is based on the mild peroxidase activity of hemoglobin in basic peroxide solution. However, this test is subject to interference by strong oxidants, certain transition metal ions, and true peroxidases. This paper reports methods for reducing the interference caused by hypochlorite-containing bleaches. Amines such as 1,2-diaminoethane react rapidly with hypochlorite without interfering significantly with the hemoglobin-catalyzed oxidation. Thus, addition of 0.1 mol/L 1,2-diaminoethane to a standard luminol-peroxide spray lead to almost complete inhibition of hypochlorite-induced chemiluminescence while satisfactory chemiluminescence was still observed from bloodstains. If time allows, an alternative method for reducing interference from hypochlorite bleach is to wait several days until the bloodstains have dried thoroughly, by which time the hypochlorite will have decomposed.

Blood Stains↗
PubMed1999

Suppressive effect of carotenoids on the luminol dependent chemiluminescence of the stimulated rat macrophages.

Rat macrophages stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) produced significant chemiluminescence in luminol. Carotenoids suppressed the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence at the beginning and after two minutes of the stimulation. Canthaxanthin and bixin had higher suppressive activity that beta-carotene and lutein. The measurement of the absorption spectra of carotenoids showed that the absorption by carotenoids was diminished during the stimulation of macrophages. The results suggest that the suppressive effect of carotenoids may be due to their scavenging the reactive oxygen metabolites released by macrophages.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Free radical generation in hydroperoxide-treated erythrocytes monitored continuously by luminol-amplified chemiluminescence.

Organic hydroperoxides induce oxidative damage to mammalian cells. We describe how luminol-amplified chemiluminescence can be used to monitor free radical generation (following treatment of erythrocytes in vitro with organic hydroperoxides) throughout the entire time-course of oxidative stress. Enrichment of erythrocyte alpha-tocopherol levels increased the induction time by 25% and led peak chemiluminescence fall of 30%. Furthermore, ascorbate loading reduced the signal four-fold during the induction period. The catalytic role of haemoglobin was shown by the abolition of chemiluminescence by azide and a low (but detectable) signal in haemoglobin-depleted erythrocyte ghosts. Luminol-amplified chemiluminescence enables the kinetics of free radical generation to be monitored continuously. Furthermore, it may enable features of the mechanism of interaction between cellular antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes to be elucidated.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Chemiluminescence in a stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes--luminol system: suppression by thiols].

The effect of some scavengers of thiol nature, which eliminate all reactive oxygen species and oxidants with reactive chlorine, on the luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes was studied. The use of two scavengers of this type (penetrating and not penetrating into the cell) made it possible to separate the luminescence of cell structures from the luminescence generated by oxidants in the surrounding medium. It was found that about a half of luminol luminescence is due to its oxidation in the medium surrounding the cell, and it is completely inhibited by the nonpenetrating reduced glutathione. The cell itself is a source of a considerable portion of luminescence, and this luminescence is quenched by penetrating sulfhydryl compounds such as dithiothreitol and N-acethyl cysteine. Reduced glutathione, which penetrates into cells and whose action is due only to the sulfhydryl group, is recommended as a candidate for the selective neutralization of extracellular oxidants.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1991

[Study of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of peripheral blood in acute pneumonia].

Active oxygen forms (AOF) were measured in whole peripheral blood of 40 acute pneumonia patients using luminol-dependent spontaneous chemiluminescence (LDSC) and luminol-dependent zymosan-stimulated chemiluminescence (LDZSC) in the time course of the disease. Within week 1 of the disease both LDSC and LDZSC were increased in the majority of patients whereas low levels of AOF production served a predictor of poor prognosis in relation to acute pneumonia complications. If high intensity of LDSC and LDZSC persisted for 2 weeks pneumonia was likely to resolve completely though complications were possible. Protracted disease was associated with 3-week high AOF production. The data give evidence for possible application of LDSC and LDZSC of whole peripheral blood to predict complications and incomplete resolution of acute pneumonia.

Acute Disease↗