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PubMed1978

Effect of clindamycin and lincomycin therapy on faecal flora.

Bacterial counts were carried out on the faeces of 160 patients receiving clindamycin or lincomycin treatment for bacterial infections. In all the patients the total bacteroides count was significantly reduced while strains of Enterobacteriaciae, yeasts, and streptococci were correspondingly increased. Severe diarrhoea developed in 25 (16%) patients, but this could not be related to a change in faecal flora. Diarrhoea was most common when clindamycin was given prophylactically, women were more affected than men, and the incidence was highest in those aged over 60 years. No cases of pseudomembranous colitis were seen. Although clindamycin is a valuable antibiotic for treating established severe anaerobic bacterial infections it should be used cautiously in elderly patients.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1980

Acute interstitial nephritis associated with gentamicin and lincomycin therapy.

A case of acute oliguric renal failure following gentamicin and linocomycin therapy is described. Renal biopsy showed an acute interstitial nephritis. This was associated with high serum gentamicin levels and the later development of ototoxicity. Withdrawal of antibiotics and conservative measures was followed by rapid recovery of renal function. Attention is drawn to the association between gentamicin and lincomycin therapy and the development of an acute interstitial nephritis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Treatment of cattle, sheep and horses with lincomycin: case studies.

In large animal practice, clinical cases involving deep-seated infections affecting bones, joints, meninges and the larynx are particularly difficult to treat. The antibiotic lincomycin has the ability to penetrate tissue of poor vascularity and is also effective in the presence of pus. Eleven cattle, six sheep and three horses were treated with the drug at various doses and in 75 per cent of the cases there was a positive response.

Abscess↗
PubMed2000

Therapeutic efficacy of water-soluble lincomycin-spectinomycin powder against porcine proliferation enteropathy in a European field study.

Controlled clinical trials to a standardised protocol were conducted into the effect of a water-soluble antibiotic on proliferative enteropathy and its causative agent (Lawsonia intracellularis) on commercial pig farms at six sites in four European countries. Clinical signs of the disease and L intracellularis-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive pigs were detected in pens of six- to 12-week-old pigs (weighing 5 to 55 kg) immediately before each trial. Matched pens of randomised pigs were either left unmedicated (32 to 59 pigs per trial), or medicated orally with 10 mg/kg of a water-soluble combination of lincomycin and spectinomycin powder (21 and 42 mg, respectively, of antibiotic activity per litre) for either seven days (33 to 61 pigs per trial), or 14 days (33 to 61 pigs per trial), delivered via the drinking water. Investigators did not know which pens received which treatment In most of the affected pigs in each trial, diarrhoea due to L intracellularis resolved within three to seven days after the medication began, whereas most unmedicated pigs remained diarrhoeic for at least 10 days. On average the medicated pigs gained more weight than the unmedicated pigs over the 21-day trial period (P=0.01). In two trials, the absence of L intracellularis after the treatment ended was confirmed by the PCR.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2002

Effectiveness of treatment with lincomycin hydrochloride and/or vaccination against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae for controlling chronic respiratory disease in a herd of pigs.

A herd of pigs infected with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was used in a double-blind randomised trial to assess the effectiveness of three control strategies against chronic respiratory disease in growing-finishing pigs. One group of 61 pigs received 220 ppm lincomycin hydrochloride in the feed from day 71 to day 91, a second group was vaccinated against M. hyopneumoniae at four and 28 days of age, and a third group received both treatments; a fourth group was left untreated as a control. Throughout the nursery-finishing period (day 29 to slaughter) the average daily weight gain and feed conversion rate of all the treated groups were slightly better than in the controls, but there were no significant differences between them. There were no significant differences between the treated groups in terms of clinical signs, serology, pathology or mortality, which was very low throughout the trial.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Multidrug resistant phenotype of Bacillus subtilis spontaneous mutants isolated in the presence of puromycin and lincomycin.

Spontaneous mutants were isolated by growing Bacillus subtilis 168 in the presence of high concentrations of puromycin and lincomycin. These mutants showed increased resistance to several drugs other than these two drugs. The ImrAB genes, which encode a transcriptional repressor and a drug efflux protein of the major facilitator superfamily, were involved in this phenotype. Northern hybridization analysis showed that the expression of ImrAB gene increased more than 30-fold. The following two types of mutations were found to be responsible for the multidrug resistant phenotype: (i) a nucleotide replacement in the region between the promoter and initiation codon of ImrA and (ii) nucleotide replacements that resulted in amino acid replacements in the LmrA protein. The results indicate that LmrB is a multidrug resistant protein and that LmrA is a repressor, which autogenously represses the transcription of the ImrAB operon.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lincomycin-curare interaction.

After observing a case of lincomycin (LCN)-induced respiratory insufficiency in a patient recovering from d-tubocurarine (DTC) administration, this interaction was studied in cats anesthetized with halothane-nitrous-oxide-oxide-oxygen. The sciatic nerve was stimulated with a 1.6-second tetanci train of 62.5 Hz every 10 seconds. The area under the contraction curve was electronically integrated and recorded. Five control cats received 0.01 mg/kg DTC every 2 minutes until time-tension integral response (TTIR) was zero. Five experimental cats received 10 mg/kg of LCN followed in 10 minutes by 0.01 mg/kg of DTC every 2 minutes until TTIR was zero. Both groups recovered to 50 per cent of control and were given 10 mg/kg of LCN. There was no difference between the slope of the y-intercept of the regression lines for the log-dose response curves for DTC in the two groups. LCN during recovery from DTC had a statist "Intermittent mandatory ventilation in the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease".

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed2002

Therapeutic effect of topical application of linoleic acid and lincomycin in combination with betamethasone valerate in melasma patients.

Melasma is an acquired symmetric hypermelanosis characterized by irregular light-to gray-brown macules and patches on sun-exposed areas. Many therapeutic agents are available but are unsatisfactory. Recently, it has been demonstrated that lincomycin (LM) and linoleic acid (LA) can inhibit melanogenesis in vitro. Our purpose was to investigate the clinical efficacy of topical application of LM and LA in combination with betamethasone valerate (BV) in melasma patients. Forty-seven Korean female adults with clinically diagnosed melasma were enrolled in a 6-week, double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Patients were treated with one application of the vehicle (group A), 2% LM mixed with 0.05% BV (group B), or 2% LM mixed with 0.05% BV and 2% LA (group C) on the face every night. Determination of efficacy was based on the Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) score and objective assessment (no effect, mild, moderate, or excellent) at intervals of 2 weeks until the end of the study at 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, in comparison with the pre-treatment MASI score, the average MASI score of group C decreased to 68.9%, compared with 98% in group A (p<0.05) and 85.4% in group B. There was no statistically significant difference between group A and group B. Seven patients (43.7%) in group C revealed more than moderate improvement in objective assessment, compared with none in group A and two patients (12.5%) in group B. There were no significant side effects. Topical application of linoleic acid is considered to be effective in the treatment of melasma patients.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1975

Transduction of drug resistance to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, macrolides, lincomycin and clindamycin with phages induced from Streptococcus pyogenes.

Strains of Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from pediatric patients with acute infections which were resistant to one or more of the antibiotics, tetracycline (TC), chloramphenicol (CP), macrolide antibiotics (erythromycin, kitasamycin, oleandomycin, josamycin), lincomycin (LCM) and clindamycin (CLM), were used for transduction of drug resistance. These drug-resistant strains were treated with mitomycin C to induce phages and transduction of drug resistance was attempted by means of phages so induced. It was found that transduction of resistance to the above antibiotics was possible. The transductants obtained on TC-containing selective agar plate were resistant to TC alone while those produced on CP- or erythromycin (EM)-containing selective agar plate were resistant to CP, macrolide antibiotics (Mac), LCM and CLM. From this finding, it was inferred that transduction of resistance to TC, CP, Mac, LCM and CLM via phages occurred in two different patterns, i.e., transfer of resistance to TC alone and that of resistance to CP, Mac, LCM and CLM. All of the transductants obtained were found to belong to group A. In T-typing, they were of the same T-12 type as the donor and recipient strains in a majority of cases though some were not typable.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1997

Chemical synthesis and structural study of lincomycin sulfoxides and a sulfone.

Oxidation of lincomycin with dimethyldioxirane resulted in the sulfoxide-glycosides 3a and 3b, whose treatment with osmium tetraoxide and N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide afforded the same sulfone; 4. According to FAB-MS and CD investigations, the absolute configuration of the sulfur atom in 3a and 3b is R and S, respectively. The new, unsaturated antibiotic analog (6) derived from clindamycin exists in the 4C1 conformation. The antibiotic activities of the synthesized compounds were also studied.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1976

[Pharmacokinetics of lincomycin in experimental animals].

When administered parentally, lincomycin satisfactorily penetrated into the organs and tissues of experimental animals. Pronounced tropism of the antibiotic in the bone tissue was observed which provided its recommendation for the treatment of osteomyelitis. The antibiotic was excreted with urine and bile.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Anaerobic biological treatment of Lincomycin production wastewater].

The high-strength Lincomycin production wastewater containing toxic and refractory substances treated by lab-scale mesophilic UASB reactor was described. When the reactor was operated in influent COD 8000-14,000 mg/L and HRT 10 h, the volumetric loading rate and COD removal rate could reach 20-35 kg/(m3.d) and 50%-55%, respectively. The granular sludge might be formatted by using a bit longer acclimation time, adjusting and maintaining fairly high surface hydraulic loading rate of 0.2-0.4 m3/(m2.h), influent COD of 2000-3000 mg/L and sludge loading rate of 0.2-0.5 kg/(kg.d). The anaerobic kinetic constants of Vmax and Ks for the wastewater treatment were 1.3 d-1 and 8133 mg/L, respectively. The non-biodegradable substances accounted for about 30% of total COD, which was the important factor of relative low COD removal rate for the wastewater.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1975

Efficacy of lincomycin and spectinomycin on canine pathogens.

Lincomycin (L), spectinomycin (S), and both (L-S) were evaluated in vitro and vivo against canine pathogens. In vitro, a wider spectrum of antimicrobial activity was achieved with L-S than with either L or S. The therapeutic effects of the antibiotics were investigated in 36 dogs inoculated with a mixture of the microbal agents. Tonsillitis, conjunctivitis, laryngitis, abscess formation, and necropsy findings were measured. The L-S combination was effective for the treatment of tonsillitis, conjunctivitis, laryngitis, and pneumonia in dogs.

Abscess↗
PubMed1992

[A randomized controlled study on imipenem/cilastatin sodium in comparison to aztreonam + lincomycin in treating severe infections in patients with malignant tumors or hematological diseases].

A randomized controlled study was conducted to compare effects of imipenem (IPM) (1.0-1.5 g/day) with those of aztreonam (AZT) (4 g/day) +lincomycin (LCM) (1,200-2,400 mg/day) in patients with malignant tumors or hematological diseases and severe infections. A total of 95 patients entered the study between October 1989 and March 1991. Forty-seven patients were treated with IPM and the remaining 48 patients were given AZT+LCM. No statistically significant differences existed in age, sex or underlying diseases between the 2 groups. Overall, the clinical cure rate of the IPM group was 53%; This was significantly higher than the 31% cure rate obtained in the AZT+LCM group (P less than 0.05). The difference was significant in patients whose granulocyte counts were less than 1,000/microliters, but not in those whose granulocyte counts were 1,000/microliters or higher. Side effects were observed in 5 patients given IPM and one given AZT+LCM. In conclusion, no significant differences appeared to exist regarding clinical efficacy and safety between the 2 treatment regimens.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of a single injection of lincomycin, spectinomycin, and linco-spectin on early chick mortality caused by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

The efficacies of lincomycin (L) and spectinomycin (S), alone and in various combinations (L/S), were determined against Escherichia coli (EC) and Staphylococcus aureus (SA) of avian origin, both in vitro and in vivo. L contributed significantly to L/S activity against SA, while S contributed significantly to L/S activity against EC, and L/S (2.5 mg L + 5.0 mg S) was more effective than either L or S against SA and EC. The suggested optimum dose for controlling early chick mortality caused by SA and EC is 2.5/5.0 mg of L/S per chick.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Protoplasts of lincomycin producer Streptomyces roseolus in genetic manipulations].

Protoplasts of commercial strain No. 1 of Streptomyces roseolus producing lincomycin were prepared. Conditions for protoplast storage and regeneration were defined. The protoplasts of strain No. 1 mutants marked by the rifampicin and thiostrepton resistance and the ability to synthesize melanin pigments were fused. Genetic analysis of the recombinants was performed. Systems for transformation of S. roseolus protoplasts by plasmid DNAs were developed. Efficiency of transformation by pIJ702, pIJ61, pVG101 and pBG3 and stability of the transformants were shown.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1975

[Use of lincomycin, methicillin and ristomycin in the nutrient media for isolating pathogenic intestinal microorganisms].

Elective-differentiating solid nutrient media for simultaneous isolation of Vibrioes, Salmonella and Shigella were developed. Antibiotics active against grampostive microflora and dry bile salts inhibiting the growth of Proteus were used as the inhibitors of the growth of the accompanying microflora. The medium was lincomycin and the bile salts may be prepared in a dry form.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

[Substantiation of hygienic standard of lincomycin in the air of the work area].

The main parameters of lincomycin toxicometry were studied in animals. It was shown that the compound was low toxic after its oral or intraperitoneal administration in single doses, had no local irritant and skin resorptive effects and did not accumulate. The allergenic properties were slightly pronounced. The intoxication picture after a single inhalation was characterized by renal dysfunction, erythropenia, neutrophilia, lymphopenia and impairment of the normal intestinal microflora. The zone of the specific antimicrobial effect was equal to 8. On chronic inhalation, the signs of the specific antimicrobial effect were of the paramount importance: Limch am was equal to 4.7 mg/m3 and Limch exceeded 18.3 mg/m3. In the concentrations used, the substance had no embryotoxic and gonadotropic effects. The level of 0.5 mg/m3 (for Hazard Class 2) was recommended and approved as the maximum allowable concentration.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗