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PubMed2005

Moving ahead in language: observations on a report of precocious language development in 3-4 year old children with spinal muscular atrophy type II.

Benony and Benony in a recent issue of this Journal have presented new data on the precocity of language acquisition in children with type II spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), at age 36-47 months. They refer to our interim report of advanced early language development in these motor-impaired children, which covers the age period 18-35 months. Here, we provide more details of our findings and discuss them in relation to their report and our theory of the role of the procedural system in language learning.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1998

Mothers' knowledge about children's play and language development: short-term stability and interrelations.

Sixty-four mothers of children ranging in age from 6 to 58 months were asked to determine, for pairings of play and language items, which item was more advanced developmentally. This procedure was repeated within 2 weeks. In general, mothers' orderings of play and language items matched those established in the developmental literature and were stable over the short term. Mothers' knowledge about language development was stronger than and unrelated to their knowledge about play, suggesting that maternal knowledge about developmental domains is differentiated and specific. Finally, mothers' judgments about the developmental milestones depended on their children's current developmental stage: Mothers were less accurate at estimating the timing of milestones that their children had mastered many months earlier, supporting the view that mothers' knowledge is informed by their children's recent rather than past achievements in specific areas.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

Receptive language development in preterm children as related to caregiver-child interaction.

Fifty preterm children who had experienced a range of biological hazards were divided into two competence groups on the basis of their receptive language development at 24 months. The groups were then compared in terms of the kinds of caregiver-child interactions the children and their primary caregivers engaged in three months earlier in a laboratory assessment. The two language skill groups did not differ on perinatal factors such as birth weight and gestational age, or on length of hospitalization, but did differ in social transactions. The more competent group as compared to the less competent group had caregivers who were more stimulating, the children themselves emitted more vocalization, and the caregivers and children engaged in more reciprocal social transactions.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2003

Language development in deaf infants following cochlear implantation.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the benefits of cochlear implantation in infancy and compare them to those obtained in children implanted at a slightly older age. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using standard language measurement tools, including the Grammatical Analysis of Elicited Language--Presentence Level (GAEL-P) and the Reynell Developmental Language Scales, progress was documented in a child who received a cochlear implant in infancy and compared to that achieved in children implanted at older ages. A new measurement tool, the Visual Habituation Procedure, was used to document early skills and the results were compared to those obtained in normal-hearing infants. RESULTS: By the age of 2 years the subject implanted in infancy achieved scores on the GAEL-P which were nearly equivalent to those achieved at the age of 5 1/2 years by children implanted at later ages. Age-equivalent scores on the Reynell Developmental Language Scales were achieved by the subject implanted in infancy and the ability to discriminate speech patterns was demonstrated using the Visual Habituation Procedure. CONCLUSION: This report demonstrates enhanced language development in an infant who received a cochlear implant at the age of 6 months.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Four-year follow-up of locomotor and language development in 34 twin pairs.

A group of 34 twin pairs was studied at four years of age. Characteristics of the group were a homogeneous social background, good parental interrelationship and conscientious care during pregnancy, delivery and the neonatal period. All the children were tested with the Griffiths' Mental Development Scales. The girls generally showed a higher development quotient than the boys. Birth weight seemed to be the most important factor; at 4 years of age, the twins with a birth weight of less than 2500 grams had a significantly lower locomotor quotient. The language quotient showed a similar trend. This difference was, however, not significant. No significant differences in either locomotor or language development could be observed between MZ and DZ twins.

Birth Weight↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Specific delays of language development in special education students].

The frequencies of specific language retardation and deficits in short term memory span are the subject of this epidemiological investigation of children attending the first grade of a special school for educationally subnormal children in Erlangen and München/Rosenheim. The children at the mean age of seven were examined according to the "Multi-axial Classification of Child Psychiatric Disorders". The following prevalences were found: 16 children (21%) of the sample from Erlangen and 24 children (33%) of the sample from München/Rosenheim had an specific language retardation, in both sample the most frequent disorders were retardations of the expressive language (11% and 21%). In both sample most children had substantially deficits in the acoustic short term memory span, while they were better on visual short term memory span. Significant correlations between acoustic short term memory span and specific language retardations were found.

Articulation Disorders↗
PubMed1978

Kaspar Hauser's recovery and autopsy: a perspective on neurological and sociological requirements for language development.

The feral children literature has frequently been cited for relevance to understanding historical antecedents of autism. Kaspar Hauser, who appeared in Nuremberg, Germany in 1828, is one of these children, raised under conditions of extreme deprivation. His case history and gradual acquisition of language after age 17 years are summarized. There is strong evidence that he was the prince of Baden, abducted from his cradle in 1812. Findings of postmortem examination, conducted after his assassination, are discussed. Hauser's postadolescent recovery of language contradicts the notion of a "critical period" for language development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Secretory otitis media and language development: a six-year follow-up study with case-control.

The 2nd Hjørring Cohort Study, a prospective cohort study, comprised 94% of the 463 three-year-old children residing in the municipality. Among this cohort we found 40 children (9%) who had constant signs of secretory otitis media (SOM), in one or both ears, at 4 examinations in the course of 6 months. Five years later, 12 of the children who had previously had long-lasting SOM had left the municipality. At the age of 8 years the entire cohort had a Silent Reading Word Test (OS-400). Six months later, the 26 children with long-lasting SOM who were still residing in the municipality and 26 control children were tested with the Revised Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test and the verbal part of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) test. The controls were matched by sex, age, school, grade level, and controlled for classroom and social stratum. The children with long-lasting SOM did not score lower than the control children on the 3 tests. In a separate analysis children with long-lasting bilateral SOM did not score lower than their controls. On the WISC and PPVT-R tests the variability in the case group was greater than in the control group. More comprehensive and varied studies seem needed to elucidate the relationship between language development and SOM.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1980

Continuing management of conductive hearing loss during language development.

Recently greater attention has been focussed on the possibility that mild fluctuating or intermittent hearing loss, as seen in one of early childhood's most common illnesses, otitis media, may have long-lasting and sometimes devastating effects on language development and learning. Conductive hearing loss in serous otitis media most affects frequencies below 2000 Hz, and the duration of hearing loss after an acute episode of otitis media may last 6-24 months in up to 30% of affected children. The first principle of management of this problem and congenital conductive hearing loss is detection prior to language delay. Special attention should be given to neurologically handicapped, retarded, learning disabled or physically frail children since their deficient speech and language are often attributed to abnormal neurologic or intellectual status. Treatment includes limited use of vasoactive decongestants; for acute suppurative otitis media antibiotics may be chosen empirically with a high percentage of good results. Other measures include speech and language evaluation, home stimulation language programs and temporary or longterm amplification. The surgeon assesses the patient for potential operability. Surgery to correct a congenital conductive lesion should not be attempted in an only hearing ear.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗