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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Ten-language translation and harmonization of the International Prostate Symptom Score: developing a methodology for multinational clinical trials.

OBJECTIVE: Production of cross-culturally adapted and harmonized translations of the International Prostate Symptom Score (I-PSS) into 10 languages (Canadian French, Danish, Dutch, Flemish, French, German, Italian, Norwegian, Spanish, Swedish) by means of an appropriate methodology. METHODS: A method based on state-of-the-art guidelines about translation of questionnaires was developed which consisted of forward-translation, rating of clarity, common language and cultural adequacy, group discussion and consensus, testing for comprehension in lay subjects, back-translation and rating for conceptual equivalence. RESULTS: The study lasted 3 months. Items 1-7 scored high for clarity, common language and cultural adequacy (mean range 5.3-9.8) as also did item 8 (5.1-9.7). Only 10% of items were rated less than 5.0. Comprehension tests in lay subjects produced comments in 10% of items, most frequently in items 2, 7, and 8, and response categories for items 1-6. Comparisons between the back-translations and the source version showed that 84% of all items, 88% of response categories for items 1-6, 100% of response categories for item 7, and 75% of response categories from item 8 were conceptually equivalent. CONCLUSION: The present set of 10 translations plus the original I-PSS questionnaire can be used in multi-country studies in which benign prostatic hyperplasia symptoms are to be assessed using the I-PSS and the data collected from different countries can be legitimately aggregated.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Adherence is not a barrier to successful antiretroviral therapy in South Africa.

OBJECTIVE: To determine adherence of an indigent African HIV-infected cohort initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART); to identify predictors of incomplete adherence (< 95%) and virologic failure (> 400 HIV RNA copies/ml). DESIGN: Prospective monitoring of adherence in a poor HIV-positive cohort, attending a public sector hospital and receiving ART through phase III studies. METHODS: Adherence to ART was determined over 48 weeks by counting tablet-returns. Logistic regression models including age, WHO HIV stage, home language, socio-economic status, complexity and type of regimen were fitted to determine predictors of incomplete adherence and virologic failure at 48 weeks. RESULTS: 289 patients were recruited between January 1996 and May 2001. Median (mean) adherence of the cohort was 93.5% (87.2%). Three times daily dosing [risk ratio (RR), 3.07; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.40-6.74], speaking English (RR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.21-0.80) and age (RR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.94-0.99) were independent predictors of incomplete adherence. Socio-economic status, sex and HIV stage did not predict adherence. Independent predictors of virologic failure included baseline viral load (RR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.57-4.22) and three times daily dosing (RR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.23-5.66), incomplete adherence (RR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.10-3.57), age (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.92-0.99) and dual nucleoside therapy (RR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.17-6.15). CONCLUSION: The proportion of individuals achieving viral suppression matched results from the developing world. Speaking the same language as site staff and simplified dosing frequency were beneficial. Socio-economic status had no impact on adherence and should not be used as a limitation to ART access.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Communication in care: a fundamental task in nursing].

The research debates the communication as basic instrument of the attention, articulated to the dynamic of the care and of the attention in the hospital. Interviews had been made, participant observation and consult to promptuaries. It was applied dense description and thematic analysis. It was identified diverse forms of communication: verbal and nonverbal. It was stood out the form as the professional approached and communicated with the customer, printing more or little attention and affection. The interaction in the attention emerged of the meeting and colloquies among the professionals and customers, integrating them to the attention. The act of talk is basic in the attention. Either of technician or ludic content, the colloquy implies in communication, that holds interaction, language, gestures and cognition. From there its importance for the nursing, art and science of the attention.

Communication↗
PubMed1990

[Dysphasia].

"Dysphasia" has been chosen to cover the severe problems related to the awareness and organization of language by the child overall in this study. Using this purely descriptive definition, we usually distinguish clinical forms, emphasizing a group of signs or a psychic movement, which are compared to an etiological value. Then, the theoretical choice justifies the therapeutic treatment and sometimes limits its action and effectiveness. During treatment related in detail, understanding the dysphasia of the child being treated develops as child and parents combine their efforts. Whether it's a question of "therapy" or "psychotherapy" isn't really relevant.

Art Therapy↗
PubMed2004

Term identification in the biomedical literature.

Sophisticated information technologies are needed for effective data acquisition and integration from a growing body of the biomedical literature. Successful term identification is key to getting access to the stored literature information, as it is the terms (and their relationships) that convey knowledge across scientific articles. Due to the complexities of a dynamically changing biomedical terminology, term identification has been recognized as the current bottleneck in text mining, and--as a consequence--has become an important research topic both in natural language processing and biomedical communities. This article overviews state-of-the-art approaches in term identification. The process of identifying terms is analysed through three steps: term recognition, term classification, and term mapping. For each step, main approaches and general trends, along with the major problems, are discussed. By assessing previous work in context of the overall term identification process, the review also tries to delineate needs for future work in the field.

Abbreviations as Topic↗
PubMed1992

Detection of renovascular hypertension. State of the art: 1992.

PURPOSE: To review recent advances in detecting renovascular hypertension. DATA SOURCES: Original English-language reports obtained through a MEDLINE search for the years 1987 to 1991. Also, a manual search through Index Medicus as well as bibliographies of original reports and selected review articles. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Cited studies were critically reviewed with emphasis on study size, patient sample, methods, diagnostic criteria, and reproducibility of results. Where applicable, reviews that combined the results of smaller studies are cited. RESULTS: A sensitivity of 74% and a specificity of 89% have been reported for the captopril test and of 93% and 95%, respectively, for captopril scintigraphy with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). The sensitivity and specificity of renal vein renin determination are 80% and 62%, respectively and may increase with the use of stricter technical criteria and maneuvers to stimulate renin secretion. These tests differentiate renovascular hypertension from essential hypertension more reliably than from asymmetric renal parenchymal disease; however, they do not reliably distinguish unilateral from bilateral stenosis. Other tests are less widely used. Intravenous pyelography (sensitivity, 74.5%; specificity, 86.2%) has the disadvantages of radiation and dye load exposure. Intravenous angiography is expensive and invasive and does not always enable visualization of the origin of the renal artery. The roles of duplex ultrasound and magnetic resonance angiography remain to be clarified. CONCLUSIONS: Noninvasive tests are cost effective and have a high predictive value in patients with clinical clues suggestive of renovascular hypertension. These tests are not recommended for use in patients with a low likelihood of disease.

Decision Trees↗
PubMed1999

Psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Beck Depression Inventory on Brazilian college students.

The psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Beck Depression Inventory were studied on a large Brazilian college student sample (N= 1,080; 845 women, 235 men). The BDI scores according to sociodemographic characteristics and mean individual item scores for total sample and by gender were compared. BDI scores tend to be higher for women, for those who work, and for the younger participants. The reliability of the inventory estimated by alpha coefficient was high for the total sample (.86) and subgroups. Factor analysis showed three factors for the total sample (low self-esteem, cognitive-affective, and somatic) and two for each gender. Women combined affective and low self-esteem whereas men combined somatic and low self-esteem in the same dimension. Discriminant analysis showed that BDI highly discriminates depressive symptomatology in college students and measures specific aspects of depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Tangential symbols: using visual symbolization to teach pharmacological principles of drug addiction to international audiences.

Visual art was used to teach the biopsychiatric model of addiction to audiences in the Caribbean, Europe and Mideast. Art slides were tangentially linked to slides of pharmacological data. Stylistically dense art was processed by the intuitive right brain while spare notational pharmacological data was processed by the intellectual (rationalistic) left brain. Simultaneous presentation of these data enhanced attention and retention. This teaching paradigm was based on the nonliterate methods developed by Medieval architects and refined by Italian Renaissance philosopher, Marsilio Ficino.

Art↗
PubMed1998

Natriuretic peptides: physiology, therapeutic potential, and risk stratification in ischemic heart disease.

BACKGROUND: The natriuretic peptide family consists of four molecules that share significant amino acid sequence homologic characteristics and a looped motif. Atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide are similar in their ability to promote natriuresis and diuresis, inhibit the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis, and act as vasodilators. Understanding of the actions of C-type natriuretic peptide and dendroaspis natriuretic peptide is incomplete, but these two new family members also act as vasodilators. Because of the rapid evolution of information about this peptide family, we reviewed the state of the art with respect to risk stratification and therapeutic ability. METHODS: English-language papers were identified by a MEDLINE database search covering 1966 through 1997 and supplemented with bibliographic references and texts. CONCLUSIONS: The natriuretic peptides are counterregulatory hormones with prognostically important levels. They are similarly upregulated in heart failure and counteract neurohormones that induce vasoconstriction and fluid retention. BNP may be the superior prognosticator for risk stratification after myocardial infarction and is independent of left ventricular ejection fraction. Lastly, experimental trials suggest that administration of exogenous natriuretic peptides or inhibitors of their catabolism to patients with ischemic heart disease may be clinically beneficial.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Profiling assisted reproductive technology: outcomes and quality of infertility management.

OBJECTIVE: To critically appraise the content of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM)/Society for Reproductive Technology (SART) Registry. DESIGN: English-language literature review. PATIENT(S): Women undergoing treatment with assisted reproductive technology (ART). INTERVENTION(S): Current ART treatments, including IVF, GIFT, zygote intrafollopian transfer (ZIFT), oocyte micromanipulation, and cryopreserved embryo transfers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Compliance with clinical practice guidelines, and casemix-adjusted rates of live delivery, clinical pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, birth defects, implantation, fertilization, and retrieval. RESULT(S): Outcomes should be adjusted for variation in patient characteristics known to affect prognosis, including maternal age, the duration of infertility, the presumed cause(s) of infertility, the patient's prior history of treatment for infertility, and diethylstilbestrol exposure. Outcome rates should be reported using the patient as the denominator, as well as cycle, retrieval, and transfer. The statistical significance of observed differences in events rates should be indicated. Because widely accepted clinical practice guidelines related to performance of ART procedures are not available, compliance with practice guidelines cannot currently be assessed. CONCLUSION(S): Reports based on ASRM/SART Registry data can be enhanced by refined casemix adjustment, assessing outcome rates per patient, as well as per component of ART procedure, and by providing an indication of the statistical significance of observed differences in event rates. In addition, a critical appraisal of available evidence related to particular aspects of infertility management would help clarify the areas in which there is an evidentiary basis for formulation of practice guidelines, as well as topics requiring additional clinical research.

Cryopreservation↗
PubMed1999

Dopey's seizure.

Angelman syndrome is a neurogenetic condition namely characterized by developmental delay, virtual absence of expressive verbal language, peculiar organization of movement, seizures and happy demeanor. This syndrome has been recognized since 1965, but it seems that Walt Disney presented an original depiction of it in his first full-length animated film, including myoclonic jerks and an apparently generalized tonic-clonic seizure.

Angelman Syndrome↗
PubMed1999

Limitations of a structured psychiatric diagnostic instrument in assessing somatization among Latino patients in primary care.

BACKGROUND: The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) has been developed as a state-of-the-art, structured diagnostic instrument, designed to diagnose psychiatric disorders across cultures and languages. Partly because it has been validated in a number of countries and cultural settings, the CIDI has become widely accepted as a diagnostic instrument in epidemiologic and clinical research. OBJECTIVES: As part of a larger study of psychiatric disorders in a multi-ethnic, primary care setting, we tried to clarify the limitations of the CIDI in diagnosing somatoform symptoms among Latino patients. DESIGN: Relevant sections of the CIDI were administered in English or Spanish to new patients seeking primary care services at an inner-city, university-affiliated community clinic. Interviews were tape recorded and pertinent passages were transcribed for qualitative analysis. SUBJECTS: One thousand, four hundred and fifty six new patients, comprising 4 ethnic groups: Central American; Mexican; Chicano; and non-Latino White. MEASURES: The CIDI's diagnostic algorithms for somatization were examined in relation to the transcriptions of interviews for Latino patients whom the CIDI diagnosed as somatizers. RESULTS: The CIDI led to the inaccurate identification of somatoform symptoms resulting from such issues as financial barriers to healthcare access, cultural syndromes that were not recognized by Western medicine, and language differences between patients and physicians. Like other structured instruments, the CIDI also forced a range of complex experience into a fixed-choice interview format. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the advantages of such structured instruments as the CIDI, their capacity to reach accurate psychiatric diagnoses in some cultural groups and clinical settings requires clarification. These findings also call into question the relatively high rates of somatization among Latino patients reported in previous studies that have used structured psychiatric diagnostic instruments.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2001

CASE tools and UML: state of the ART.

With increasing need for automated tools to assist complex systems development, software design methods are becoming popular. This article analyzes the state of art in computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools and unified modeling language (UML), focusing on their evolution, merits, and industry usage. It identifies managerial issues for the tools' adoption and recommends an action plan to select and implement them. While CASE and UML offer inherent advantages like cheaper, shorter, and efficient development cycles, they suffer from poor user satisfaction. The critical success factors for their implementation include, among others, management and staff commitment, proper corporate infrastructure, and user training.

Computer-Aided Design↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Teaching English composition to radiologic technologists: You don't need to read Hamlet.

As the allied health degree programs move from the locus of the hospital to the college campus, the administrators and students concerned with technical curriculums are often confronted with an inexorable freshman composition requirement. However, a special course was developed for the radiologic technology program at Morris Harvey College in Charleston, West Virginia. The following article details a one-semester course plan that anyone who is currently teaching English can adapt to make freshman composition practical for those students who are not enrolled in liberal arts degree programs.

Curriculum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pentasomy X: a clinical case report].

Cytogenetic investigations gave evidence of pentasomy X in a 3-year-old female with typical facies and psychomotor retardation. The parents and the grandparents showed a normal karyotype. The clinical symptoms of our case were compared with the other authors, we found a low birth weight, short stature, delayed expressive language, multiple abnormalities of craniofacial skeleton and some minor deformities of the arts. The parental origin of the extra set of X chromosome were determined by the restriction fragment length analysis (RFLPs) using the very polymorphic probes M27beta, L1.28 and St14. These data support the hypothesis of a maternal meiotic double non-disjunction.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗