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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Ambiguous keratosis. The situation of leukoplasia of the oral cavity].

The terminology used for white lesions of the oral cavity requires careful definition: the term keratosis is general, covering all lesions which by histological examination show evidence of keratin on the surface, regardless of other detectable lesions; the term leukoplasia is more restrictive, indicating (according to the WHO) white lesions not falling within the context of a known disease = lichen, lupus erythematosus, florid oral papillomatosis, chronic candidiasis, etc. This review chose the diagnostic difficulties of different varieties (planus, warty, erosive) of leukoplasia. In our experience the ambiguity of keratosis may be due to inadequate data from clinical examination and/or histological examination, to the combined existence in a given patient and at the same time of two white lesions of different nature, or to the successive existence at the same place of two lesions with a different clinical and/or histological diagnosis (raising the problem of transformation).

Adult↗
PubMed1984

UV radiation and keratosis follicularis.

We carried out provocation studies on the lesions of keratosis follicularis by the use of UV radiation. Nonerythema-producing doses of UV-B elicited the lesions in uninvolved skin sites in a 34-year-old man with this disease. The elicited lesions were compatible with those of keratosis follicularis both clinically and histopathologically. Similar irradiation with UV-A produced no visible changes in the test area.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Cutaneous horn. Inverted follicular keratosis with an underlying tricholemmoma].

A 54 year old woman with an asymptomatic small cutaneous horn on her chin for several years is reported. Histologically the lesion had the combined features of an inverted follicular keratosis on its upper part and a nodular intradermal trichilemmoma with central cystic degenerative changes underlying the inverted follicular keratosis exophytic one. The relationships between the two lesions is discussed as well as the main controversial histogenetic hypothesis.

Darier Disease↗
PubMed1978

Oral treatment of keratosis follicularis with a new aromatic retinoid.

Four patients with extensive keratosis follicularis (Darler's disease) showed excellent clinical response to the oral administration of a new aromatic derivative of retinoic acid (RO 10-9359). Initial oral treatment with 50 to 75 mg of the drug was followed by substantial improvement in four to seven days and the lesions cleared completely after three to four weeks. Long-term treatment with 25 to 30 mg/day was sufficient to prevent recurrence. No serious side effects were seen with this dosage after several months. Some dryness of the lips and the nasal mucosa occurred and one patient experienced slight nausea. Histological investigations showed the gradual disappearance of acantholysis, dyskeratosis, and hyperkeratosis, in this order. The given therapeutic schedule is a reliable routine management for keratosis follicularis in adults.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1996

Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans: report of a new pedigree.

Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans is a rare, X-linked genodermatosis characterized by follicular hyperkeratosis, scarring alopecia of the scalp, eyebrows and eyelashes, corneal dystrophy and photophobia. We describe two cases from a large family, the first with keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans to be reported in the U.K.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Incidence of actinic keratosis of Japanese in Kasai City, Hyogo.

We determined the incidence of actinic keratosis (AK) among Japanese by screening for skin cancer in Kasai City, Hyogo, Japan, between 1993 and 1995. The incidence per 100,000 Japanese residents was 223.6 in 1993 and 171.2 in 1994. The prevalence of AK was 291.2 per 100,000 residents in 1993, 203.7 in 1994, and 86.8 in 1995. The prevalence in people who had more than six seborrheic keratoses on sun-exposed body sites and in people who had experienced severe sunburns with blister formation during childhood were significantly higher. These results indicate that more than six seborrheic keratoses and several episodes of blister formation in childhood may be risk factors for AK in the Japanese.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Aneuploidy in actinic keratosis and Bowen's disease--increased risk for invasive squamous cell carcinoma?

The value of DNA single cell cytometry for the detection of aneuploidy was assessed in 100 specimens of actinic keratoses and 39 specimens of Bowen's disease. Ten seborrhoeic keratoses and 10 samples of normal epidermis served as negative control groups. Monolayer smears, prepared from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, were Feulgen-stained and used for interactive DNA-cytometry. In each specimen, the DNA content of 150 randomly chosen squamous epithelial cells was measured, using a TV-image analysis system (TAS-plus, Leica, Germany). Aneuploidy was diagnosed if at least three nuclei with a DNA content above 5c (5cEE > or = 3) were found. The aneuploidy rate in actinic keratosis was 69% (69 of 100) and in Bowen's disease was 95% (37 of 39). Another 20 specimens of actinic keratoses and the remaining two specimens of Bowen's disease were diagnosed as suspicious for aneuploidy (0 < 5cEE < 3). The 20 specimens of seborrhoeic keratoses and normal epidermis did not show any nuclei above the 5c level, and were classified as non-aneuploid. This indicates a sensitivity of 76% (106 of 139) and a specificity of 100% (20 of 20). The frequent occurrence of aneuploidy in actinic keratoses and Bowen's disease underlines the character of the lesions as epidermal carcinomas in situ, but does not explain the long-term low incidence of invasive growth.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1976

Keratosis lichenoides chronica. Possible variant of lichen planus.

A chronic, asymptomatic, keratotic, papular eruption, present for 15 years and resistant to all modes of therapy, was observed in a 49-year-old woman. Many of the papules formed a reticulated configuration over the arms and legs. This case resembles several others that have been described in the literature under different names, ie, keratosis lichenoides chronica, porokeratosis striata, and lichen verrucosus et reticularis. It is likely that all of these names refer to the same condition, constituting a definite clinical entity, which, on the basis of histological study, may represent a variant of lichen planus.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2005

Dosing with 5% imiquimod cream 3 times per week for the treatment of actinic keratosis: results of two phase 3, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, vehicle-controlled trials.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 5% imiquimod cream compared with vehicle in the treatment of actinic keratosis (AK). DESIGN: Two phase 3 randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, vehicle-controlled studies. SETTING: Twenty-six ambulatory care offices, including dermatologists in private practice or research centers. PATIENTS: Four hundred ninety-two patients, 18 years and older, with 4 to 8 AK lesions in a 25-cm(2) treatment area on the face or the balding scalp were randomized; an additional 162 patients underwent screening but were ineligible. INTERVENTIONS: Patients applied 5% imiquimod (Aldara) or vehicle cream to the treatment area once daily, 3 times per week, for 16 weeks, followed by an 8-week posttreatment period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Complete clearance rate (proportion of patients at the 8-week posttreatment visit with no clinically visible AK lesions in the treatment area), partial clearance rate (proportion of patients at the 8-week posttreatment visit with a >/=75% reduction in the number of baseline AK lesions in the treatment area), and frequency and severity of adverse events and local skin reactions were measured. RESULTS: Complete and partial clearance rates for imiquimod-treated patients (48.3% and 64.0%, respectively) were clinically and statistically significantly higher than for vehicle-treated patients (7.2% and 13.6%, respectively). The median percentage reduction of baseline lesions was 86.6% for the imiquimod-treated group and 14.3% for the vehicle-treated group. CONCLUSION: The 5% imiquimod cream dosed 3 times weekly for 16 weeks is safe and effective for the treatment of AK.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1982

Laryngeal keratosis preceding laryngeal carcinoma. A report of four cases.

Detailed descriptions of the laryngeal mucosal changes that precede squamous cell carcinoma are infrequent. The criteria for identification of epithelial changes that are considered "premalignant" vary widely among pathologists. Presented herein are the histological details and clinical findings of four patients with biopsy-proved laryngeal keratosis in whom laryngeal carcinoma subsequently developed over intervals ranging from ten months to six years. The epithelial changes are variable but generally consist of a thickened mucosa with prominent alterations in the pattern of maturation. These maturation abnormalities range from proliferation of immature "basal-like" cells with little or no surface keratinization (classic form of atypia or dysplasia) to markedly thickened mucosa with prominent keratinization, both on the surface and in individual cells in the deep portions of the mucosa. Multiple recurrence in two of the patients with mucosal thickening and extensive individual cell and surface keratinization suggest that not only this histopathologic change, but the propensity for recurrence, may both be indicators of premalignant epithelial change.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Association of nonmelanoma skin cancer and actinic keratosis with cumulative solar ultraviolet exposure in Maryland watermen.

To establish the relationship between ultraviolet-B radiation and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and actinic keratosis (AK), a cross-sectional prevalence survey was performed in a sample of 808 white, male watermen 30 years of age and older residing in the Eastern Shore of Maryland. A measure of personal cumulative ultraviolet-B exposure was determined for each subject from data collected through interviews and field and laboratory measurements. A personal interview elicited skin type, medication history, and other factors. Clinical diagnoses and histologic confirmation were done for current and previously removed skin tumors. The ratio of subjects with SCC to subjects with BCC was approximately 1:1; however, the ratio of BCC to SCC was 1.25:1 because BCC cases were more prone to multiple lesions. Watermen with SCC or AK but not BCC had higher average annual ultraviolet-B doses than age-matched controls. This was particularly marked in watermen younger than 60 years of age. Logistic regression showed that an older age, childhood freckling, and blue eyes significantly increased the risk of the development of all three types of skin tumor. Ease of sunburning was associated with BCC and AK, but not with SCC. Watermen in the upper quartile of cumulative ultraviolet-B exposure had a 2.5 times higher risk for the development of SCC when compared with the lower 3 quartiles. This suggests that high levels of ultraviolet-B exposure are important in SCC occurrence. The risk of AK developing was 1.5 times higher for those whose cumulative ultraviolet-B exposure exceeded the median. The relationship of BCC to cumulative ultraviolet-B exposure was not clear and this suggests that different etiologic mechanisms operate for SCC and BCC.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Keratosis of the tympanic membrane and deep external auditory canal. A defect of auditory epithelial migration.

We have previously described the pathways of movement of epithelium on the tympanic membrane, showing that there are two discrete and separate zones. Four cases of keratosis of the tympanic membrane and deep external auditory canal are here reported. All patients complained of tinnitus and other aural symptoms. Sequences of otoscopic photography of daubs of dye placed on the tympanic membrane showed an abnormal anterior movement over the whole tympanic membrane in two cases and complete paralysis of movement in the two others. These findings suggest that the disorder arises from damage to basal epidermal cells caused by inflammation, which is probably due to infection. Treatment is by suction-stripping of keratin from the eardrum. Careful examination of the eardrum under magnification is required in all cases of tinnitus so as to detect this condition.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

[Keratosis lichenoides chronica following trauma. A case report and update of the last literature review].

Since the original description by M. Kaposi in 1895, 40 cases of keratosis lichenoides chronica have been published. Most have been reports of single cases. The clinical appearance is characterized by lichen planus-like papules, linear keratoses, and psoriasis-like plaques. While the etiology is still unknown, an association with a variety of diseases including hepatitis, tuberculosis, glomerulonephritis, and lymphoproliferative diseases has been reported. We present a new case which may have been triggered by trauma or carbamazepine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Expression of p53, bcl-2 and growth hormone receptor in actinic keratosis, hypertrophic type.

According to novel investigations, actinic keratosis (AK) is not a premalignant lesion but is a malignant lesion in the evolution to invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Thus, we analyzed p53, bcl-2 and growth hormone receptor (GHR) expression in hypertrophic-type AK (HAK) to determine the relative importance of these protooncogenes in the biological behavior of HAK. Expression of p53, bcl-2 and GHR was determined by immunohistochemistry in 33 HAK specimens and surrounding perilesional normal skin (PNS). The relative proportions of immunoreactive cells were determined. Of the 33 HAK specimens, 30 (91%) showed immunopositive staining for p53, 33 (100%) for bcl-2, and 12 (36%) for GHR. Highly positive p53 expression in HAK lesions could indicate that p53 mutation is an early and crucial event in lesion development. The detected pattern of the p53/ bcl-2 ratio in HAK suggests an important role for another gene: the proapoptotic gene bax. Our findings indicate that GHR expression could be a biological marker of progression of HAK to SCC.

Female↗
PubMed2004

Current and novel treatment options for actinic keratosis.

Actinic keratosis (AK), located on sun-exposed areas of the skin, is an increasing global health burden. Multiple ablative and topical treatment options are available to manage this disease; however, topical treatment options are receiving significant interest because AK is commonly associated with areas of substantial photodamage, and destructive modalities cannot effectively treat subclinical AK. Several topical therapies, including 0.5% and other 5-fluorouracil concentrations, photodynamic therapy, 3% diclofenac sodium gel, and imiquimod 5% cream, are indicated in the treatment of AK. This article will review key data on the efficacy and safety of several topical therapies in the treatment and management of AK. The review includes discussions of imiquimod 5% cream, approved in 2004 in the treatment of AK of the face or scalp. Whether administered as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy, topical therapies provide the opportunity to effectively manage AK and will likely emerge as an important tool for healthcare providers.

Aminolevulinic Acid↗
PubMed1993

Peculiar facial erythematosquamous lesions in two siblings with cyclical summer improvement and winter relapse: a variant of keratosis lichenoides chronica?

A 7-year-old girl had erythematous hyperkeratotic papules and plaques that improved in summer and recurred in winter since the age of 4 months. She had had irregular, ridge-like erythematosquamous lesions on the arms with the same seasonal variation. The lesions on the arms improved with age. Light and electron microscopic examination showed marked degeneration of keratinocytes and prominent apoptosis. Her older brother had a similar but milder dermatosis. We believe these cases may represent a variant of keratosis lichenoides chronica.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed1994

Analysis of the p53 gene in human precancerous actinic keratosis lesions and squamous cell cancers.

A biomarker of skin cancer would be beneficial in evaluating the efficacy of potential cancer chemoprevention agents. To this end, we investigated the tumor suppressor gene p53 in precancerous actinic keratosis lesions (AK) and malignant squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) using polymerase chain reaction and single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis (PCR-SSCP) techniques. In addition, p53 protein expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistical analysis with the PAB 1801 monoclonal antibody. Nine out of 13 (69%) SCCs and 8 of 15 (53%) AKs were positive for p53 mutations. In contrast, normal skin samples were negative for p53 mutations. Sequence analysis of AKs and SCCs showed primarily C to T transition mutations. Nuclear immunochemical staining for p53 was observed in 12/15 (80%) AK and 12/13 (92%) SSCs. These results suggest that p53 mutations may be involved in the malignant conversion of AKs to SCCs and that p53 may be useful as a biomarker to study the potential modulatory effects of cancer chemopreventive agents against skin cancer.

Base Sequence↗