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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Modeling of respiratory system impedances in dogs.

Mechanical impedances between 4 and 64 Hz of the respiratory system in dogs have been reported (A.C. Jackson et al. J. Appl. Physiol. 57: 34-39, 1984) previously by this laboratory. It was observed that resistance (the real part of impedance) decreased slightly with frequency between 4 and 22 Hz then increased considerably with frequency above 22 Hz. In the current study, these impedance data were analyzed using nonlinear regression analysis incorporating several different lumped linear element models. The five-element model of Eyles and Pimmel (IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 28: 313-317, 1981) could only fit data where resistance decreased with frequency. However, when the model was applied to these data the returned parameter estimates were not physiologically realistic. Over the entire frequency range, a significantly improved fit was obtained with the six-element model of DuBois et al. (J. Appl. Physiol. 8: 587-594, 1956), since it could follow the predominate frequency-dependent characteristic that was the increase in resistance. The resulting parameter estimates suggested that the shunt compliance represents alveolar gas compressibility, the central branch represents airways, and the peripheral branch represents lung and chest wall tissues. This six-element model could not fit, with the same set of parameter values, both the frequency-dependent decrease in Rrs and the frequency-dependent increase in resistance. A nine-element model recently proposed by Peslin et al. (J. Appl. Physiol. 39: 523-534, 1975) was capable of fitting both the frequency-dependent decrease and the frequency-dependent increase in resistance. However, the data only between 4 and 64 Hz was not sufficient to consistently determine unique values for all nine parameters.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed2001

Preference of temperate Chinese elms (Ulmus spp.) for the adult Japanese beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae).

Trees of newly acquired Ulmus species originating from the temperate regions of China and growing at The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL, were evaluated in no-choice and multiple-choice laboratory bioassays and cage-studies for feeding preference for adults of the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman. Ulmus lanceaefolia, U. prunifolia, U. pseudopropinqua, and U. taihangshanensis were less preferred for feeding by adult Japanese beetles. No-choice, multiple-choice, and cage feeding studies revealed that Ulmus wallichiana was moderately preferred, and U. procera and U. americana were highly preferred for feeding. Dry fecal pellet weights were strongly correlated with the percent of leaf tissue removed. Feeding preference in the multiple-choice study was strongly correlated with feeding preference in the cage study and in the no-choice study. Likewise, adult feeding preference in the cage study was strongly correlated with preference in the multiple-choice and no-choice studies. The less preferred species of U. lanceafolia, U. prunifolia, U. pseudopropinqua, and U. taihangshanensis show promise for future elm breeding programs.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Evaluation of a transcutaneous jaundice meter following hospital discharge in term and near-term neonates.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate performance of the Minolta JM-103 Jaundice Meter (JM) as a predictor of total serum bilirubin (TSB) in outpatient neonates during the first week postnatal, and to estimate the number of TSB determinations that might be avoided in clinical use. STUDY DESIGN: In neonates evaluated posthospital discharge, JM and TSB results were compared using linear regression and a Bland-Altman plot, and predictive indices were calculated for various JM cutoff values. Utilizing the 2004 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines, the ability of JM to predict risk zone status was determined. RESULTS: Overall correlation between JM and TSB was 0.77 (p<0.001; n=121). When TSB was >17 mg/dl, a cutoff value for JM of 13 mg/dl had a sensitivity of 1.0, and 50% of TSB determinations would be avoided. CONCLUSIONS: JM may facilitate outpatient management of hyperbilirubinemia by reducing the number of TSB determinations required; however, it does not provide a reliable substitute for laboratory measurement of TSB.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1990

An esthetic, bonded inlay/onlay technique for posterior teeth.

In the past, the primary focus of dentistry has been on the alleviation of pain and stopping the progression of disease. The reduction in the prevalence of dental caries, along with advances in adhesive technology, have combined to revolutionize the practice of dentistry today. The modern dentist, using the latest available cosmetic techniques, is now able to satisfy the emotional wants and needs of patients. The public, well informed about the possibilities for anterior esthetics, now desire tooth-colored restorations in the posterior. A new heat- and pressure-curing resin inlay/onlay material and the clinical and laboratory technique for its use are discussed.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1987

Correlative clinical biochemistry and hematological profiles of laboratory-bred Bolivian squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus).

Twenty-five clinical and biochemical parameters were determined on 17 normal, male, laboratory-bred Bolivian squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). Parallel hematologic parameters were conducted. The correlation of biochemical and hematological observations and the distribution characteristics, range, and standard error of the mean were determined. The purpose of the present communication is to establish baseline biochemical values for laboratory-bred squirrel monkeys and to present a correlative comparison between selected cellular elements and major blood electrolytes.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Comparison of the Bain system and Uniflow universal anaesthetic breathing systems in spontaneously breathing young pigs.

OBJECTIVE: To compare minimum fresh gas flow (V(min)) requirements and respiratory resistance in the Uniflow and Bain anaesthetic breathing systems used in the Mapleson D mode. Animals Seven pigs, aged 8-12 weeks, anaesthetized for ophthalmic surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anaesthesia was maintained with halothane delivered in oxygen using a (Mapleson D) Bain breathing system. The V(min) that prevented re-breathing was found, and peak inspiratory (PIP) and peak expiratory (PEP) pressures measured. The fresh gas flow (V(f)) was then increased to V(min) + 50%, then V(min) + 100%, and respiratory pressures re-measured. A heat and moisture exchanger (HME) was inserted at the endotracheal tube and the procedure repeated. The breathing system was then exchanged for a Uniflow and the protocol repeated. After final disconnection from the breathing system, the animals' peak inspiratory and expiratory flows, tidal, and minute volumes (Vm) were measured over five respiratory cycles. RESULTS: The V(min) (L minute(-1); mL kg(-1) minute(-1)) required to prevent rebreathing in the Uniflow system [8.1(mean) +/-1.7 (SD); 332 +/- 94] was significantly greater than the Bain system (6.5 +/- 1.1; 256 +/- 64). At V(min), PEP with the Uniflow (3.5 +/- 0.1 cm H(2)O) was significantly higher than the Bain system (2 +/- 0.7 cm H(2)O), but PIP values did not differ (Uniflow -0.6 +/- 2.1 cm H(2)O; Bain system -0.2 +/- 0.6 cm H(2)O). With both systems, PEP increased significantly (p < 0.001) with each increase in V(f): Uniflow system 4.2 +/- 0.4 (V(min) + 50%) and 5.5 +/- 0.5 cm H(2)O (V(min) + 100%); Bain system 2.8 +/- 0.7 (V(min) + 50%) and 3.5 +/- 0.7 cm H(2)O (V(min) + 100%). Insertion of the HME did not alter pressures. The mean tidal volume was 6.4 +/- 1.6 mL kg(-1); mean Vm was 184.9 +/- 69.8 mL kg(-1) and mean respiratory rate was 28 +/- 5 breaths minute(-1). In one pig breathing with the Uniflow system PEP rose sharply; respiratory and heart rates increased, and ventricular dysrhythmias occurred. When the system was changed and V(f) reduced, physiological variables became normal. CONCLUSION: The study discredited the hypothesis that the two breathing systems behave similarly. Values for V(min) and PEP were higher with the Uniflow system. Increasing V(f) increased PEP with both systems. Insertion of an HME did not affect respiratory pressures. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The Uniflow used in Mapleson D mode is not suitable for anaesthesia in young spontaneously breathing pigs.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1984

Reference intervals for some clinical chemical parameters in the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus): effect of age and sex.

Reference intervals for some clinical chemistry parameters in the marmoset were calculated. The effects of age (250-300 days compared with 500-550 days) and sex on the values found was investigated. Alkaline phosphatase levels decreased with age, young males having higher plasma levels than young females, but no sex differences were discernible for older animals. Levels of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and sorbitol dehydrogenase were higher in older males than in younger females. Higher plasma iron levels were found in the males with increasing age. Age and sex effects for protein and albumin were interactive and further interpretation was therefore difficult. No significant age or sex effects were seen for cholinesterase, acetylcholinesterase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, aspartate amino transferase, alanine aminotransferase or bilirubin.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1997

A five-year experience with fragile X testing. Setting laboratory standards of practice and a cost-effective protocol.

During the years 1990-1994, our center tested 652 patients, with a broad range of referral indications, for fragile X syndrome using either cytogenetic analysis alone (Protocol 1) or more recently, a combination of DNA analysis and routine karyotyping (protocol 2). The overall positive rate for fragile X was 3.1% with an incidence of other chromosomal abnormalities (OCAs) of 3.2%. Breakdown of cases using each testing protocol along with percent positives is: [table: see text] Use of Protocol 2 yielded only definitive fragile X results, while more than half of the "positives" using Protocol 1 were equivocal. Historically this has been problematic for both the laboratory and physician since interpretation is often dependent on an equally equivocal clinical picture. Protocol 2 eliminates these diagnostic dilemmas without compromising detection of other chromosomal abnormalities, the incidence of which appears to be unaffected by testing method used. The overall incidence of OCA of 3.2% underscores the value of routine karyotyping in this referral group and likely reflects the phenotypic variability of fragile X and its clinical overlap with other chromosomal abnormalities. We believe that a fragile X testing protocol combining routine karyotyping with definitive molecular technology represents the most cost-effective diagnostic approach to this clinically challenging patient population.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed1997

Calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus: emergency department testing yield.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate how often the ED ordering of stat serum calcium (Ca+2), magnesium (Mg+2), and phosphorus (PO4(-3)) levels affected clinical treatment; to define the diagnoses of patients for whom Ca+2, Mg+2, and PO4(-3) measurements did affect clinical therapy; and to suggest guidelines for more appropriate ordering of these laboratory tests. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed in an academic teaching hospital. All adult ED patients who had Ca+2, Mg+2, or PO4(-3) laboratory testing during the 9-month study period were included and evaluated for potential clinical impact of an abnormal Ca+2, Mg+2, or PO4(-3) laboratory test. RESULTS: 1.477 patients had Ca+2, Mg+2, or PO4(-3) measured while in the ED during the study period. Of these, 260 patients (17.6%) had a total of 312 abnormal Ca+2, Mg+2, or PO4(-3) values as defined by results exceeding +/- 15% of normal reference values. Of these, only 5 patients (0.3%) received treatment for abnormal values in the ED, while 75 patients (5.1%) were treated once admitted to the hospital. In this study, the only diagnostic groups to whom significant treatment was administered were diabetic patients (Ca+2 and PO4(-3); alcoholic patients (Mg+2); and renal failure patients (Ca+2, Mg+2, and PO4(-3). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that stat Ca+2, Mg+2, and PO4(-3) levels seldom affect clinical treatment in the ED. The frequency of ordering these tests may be reduced by obtaining Ca+2, Mg+2, or PO4(-3) measurements only for patients known to be at risk for such abnormalities, based on their existing or suspected diagnoses. The authors suggest obtaining these tests, when indicated, on a "non-stat" basis, with the subsequent laboratory results becoming available in-hospital, where treatment is more likely to occur.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Proficiency test performance as a predictor of accuracy of routine patient testing for theophylline.

Proficiency testing (PT) is pivotal in assessing laboratory qualifications for certification and licensure. PT is expected to typify routine assay performance and determine whether the laboratory is producing clinically useful test results. Conventional schemes use mail-distributed test specimens and are often criticized as measuring the best possible laboratory performance, principally because of special practices associated with processing PT specimens. We used on-site proficiency tests and split samples to evaluate the ability of conventional PT schemes to accurately characterize routine laboratory performance. Using 412 assays of theophylline, performed routinely by 200 laboratories and subsequently in a reference laboratory, we found that the predictive value of PT performance in assessing quality of routine testing was high (100% for predicting substandard reliability of routine patient testing and 94% for excluding substandard reliability of patient testing). The imprecision of interlaboratory PT results was equivalent whether testing was observed (hand-carried specimens) or unobserved (mail-distributed specimens). Many methods used for determining theophylline concentration in serum were highly automated, closed, and precise analytical systems. The performance characteristics of these analytical systems are not easily manipulated by the analyst for purposes of improving PT outcome, and PT by use of mail-distributed test specimens is effective for assessing intralaboratory performance.

Chemistry, Clinical↗
PubMed1997

Laboratory diagnostic tests for retroviral infections in dairy and beef cattle.

Detection of bovine retroviruses stretches our diagnostic creativity to its limits. The nucleic acid-based, PCR-amplified assays are finding increased clinical use as the veterinary and livestock industry seek earlier detection of infection for eventual corrective management decisions. We are evolving from a point of disease diagnosis by tumor identification through conventional histopathology, to molecular diagnostics for early identification of retroviral nucleic acid (provirus). The clinical use of antibody-based assays lies in the simplicity of testing large numbers of animals, the relative sensitivity of the assays, and the low cost of testing. Although the pathogenicity of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) for cattle has been well documented, the disease potential for bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV) for cattle is still being determined. Nevertheless, pressure to test for retroviral infections of livestock and, when feasible, removal of these infected animals from the herd will be increased.

Animals↗
PubMed1965

Polymer-Producing Species of Arthrobacter.

Gasdorf, Helen J. (Northern Regional Research Laboratory, Peoria, Ill.), R. G. Benedict, M. C. Cadmus, R. F. Anderson, and R. W. Jackson. Polymer-producing species of Arthrobacter. J. Bacteriol. 90:147-150.1965.-Two slime-producing microorganisms, designated as NRRL B-1973 and NRRL B-1797, were isolated from a Guatemalan soil sample. Their morphological and physiological characteristics permit their assignment to the genus Arthrobacter. Both cultures produce a large amount of extracellular polysaccharide, the maximal amount being 1.4 g per 3 g of glucose. The carbohydrate constituents of B-1973 polysaccharide are galactose, glucose, and mannuronic acid; those of B-1797 are galactose, glucose, and glucuronic acid. The organisms are morphologically and physiologically alike. The differences between these two cultures and previously described species of Arthrobacter appear sufficient to designate a new species. The name Arthrobacter viscosus sp. n. is proposed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Accuracy, reproducibility, and variability of portable peak flowmeters.

The accuracy, reproducibility, and variability of seven commercially available peak flowmeters were assessed using the pulmonary waveform generator as recommended by the American Thoracic Society. The standard models were tested for peak flows of 100, 200, 320, 500, and 700 L/min. The low-range models were tested for peak flows of 80, 150, 200, 250, and 320 L/min. Most of the units provided highly repeatable estimates of peak flow. However, the accuracy of several devices (Assess [Healthscan Products, Cedar Grove, NJ] and Mini-Wright [Clement Clarke International, Harlow, Essex, UK] low-range models, and the Ferraris [Ferraris Medical, Holland, NY] and Mini-Wright standard-range models) did not meet the National Asthma Education Program (NAEP) recommendations. The device with the best performance in terms of accuracy, variability, and reproducibility, and the only one in which all units tested met the NAEP recommendations, was the Astech (Center Laboratories, Port Washington, NY) full-range model.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗