POPIN Working Group on the Management of the Population Multilingual Thesaurus; report on its second meeting.
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Communication↗
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Results for “Information Retrieval Systems”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
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Compositional and enumerative designs for medical language representation.
Medical language is in essence highly compositional, allowing complex information to be expressed from more elementary pieces. Embedding the expressive power of medical language into formal systems of representation is recognized in the medical informatics community as a key step towards sharing such information among medical record, decision support, and information retrieval systems. Accordingly, such representation requires managing both the expressiveness of the formalism and its computational tractability, while coping with the level of detail expected by clinical applications. These desiderata can be supported by enumerative as well as compositional approaches, as argued in this paper. These principles have been applied in recasting a frame-based system for general medical findings developed during the 1980s. The new system captures the precise meaning of a subset of over 1500 medical terms for general internal medicine identified from the Quick Medical Reference (QMR) lexicon. In order to evaluate the adequacy of this formal structure in reflecting the deep meaning of the QMR findings, a validation process was implemented. It consists of automatically rebuilding the semantic representation of the QMR findings by analyzing them through the RECIT natural language analyzer, whose semantic components have been adjusted to this frame-based model for the understanding task.
Internal Medicine↗
Automated information retrieval in science and technology.
The rapid advances in computer and communication technology in the 1970's have enabled large interactive scientific and technical information retrieval systems to be implemented. Major search services today offer on-line access to millions of bibliographic citations and an increasing number of "electronic handbooks." In addition, development of knowledge bases is well under way. Despite the impressive speed and flexibility of interactive retrieval systems, their impact has been lessened by limited awareness of their existence, uneven quality of retrieval, inadequate linkages among data bases, and reliance on specially trained intermediaries.
Computers↗
ESCAP: Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific.
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Asia↗
Association for population/family planning libraries and information centers-international (APLIC).
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Communication↗
[Research and evaluation of Internet resources for the practice and teaching of nursing].
Recent changes in the Italian health care system are causing a complex redefinition of the traditional principles of nursing. Among the new principles that are being proposed, the implementation of a clinical practice based on the evidence generated by the medical research community appears to be prominent. However, objective time constraints in finding and evaluating the available information have often hampered the achievement of this highly desirable goal. In this perspective, exploitation of the intrinsic quickness of the internet-based information retrieval systems has the potential to effectively circumvent the problem. To provide nurses with a proper training in a timely search and evaluation of on-line data, we have designed and developed a guide to those websites providing clinical information. This guide consists of (1) reviews of existing websites, and (2) proposal of a standardized model for selection, evaluation, and description of existing and newly appearing websites. We believe that this guide might increase the capability of nurses to effectively exploit the medical and scientific information resources available on the net.
Education, Nursing↗
Australian nurses' and midwives' knowledge of computers and their attitudes to using them in their practice.
BACKGROUND: The introduction of a new information retrieval system for the use of health service staff at a large tertiary referral hospital provided an excellent opportunity for nurses to make greater use of evidence to inform their practice. However, the extent to which nurses were able to access the resource was unknown. AIM: The aim of the study was to obtain this information and to test nurses' knowledge of computers and their attitudes to using them in their practice. METHODS: During October 2001 a computer use questionnaire was attached to the pay advice slips of all nursing staff at the Royal Brisbane and Royal Women's Hospital (n = 1708). Staff were asked to return their completed questionnaire in a preaddressed return envelope. To encourage this, a prize (a Gold Class cinema pass for two) was offered. RESULTS: Of the 1708 questionnaires distributed, 590 were returned, giving a 34.5% response rate. Computer use was influenced by education, nursing seniority, age, and length of time in the service and, to a lesser extent, gender. CONCLUSIONS: Information from the study has assisted planners and educators to identify clusters of nurses to target for interventions in this area. Results will also be used to assess the success of any interventions.
Adult↗
Record-keeping systems and control of data flow and information retrieval to manage large high producing herds.
Record-keeping systems have provided an essential link that significantly increases milk production. As new technologies are introduced, they are integrated into total management programs that provide for proactive management. Maintenance of data flow, not only for the producer but also for other users, requires increased cooperation among the various sectors. Larger production units demand products that integrate production and economic parameters to plan strategically for maximum profitability.
Animals↗
An automated admissions system for allied health schools.
An automated system for admissions of allied health students was developed to facilitate the progress of admissions for applicants to the programs of study at the State University of New York at Buffalo. The data collection process has removed the tedious clerical functions of admissions from the faculty. Summary information is provided for each applicant in the form and at the time each program requests it. Data will be retained as a base for a student information system. Information retrieval and research capability is enhanced.
Computers↗
Evaluation of SAPHIRE: an automated approach to indexing and retrieving medical literature.
An analysis of SAPHIRE, an experimental information retrieval system featuring automated indexing and natural language retrieval, was performed on MEDLINE references using data previously generated for a MEDLINE evaluation. Compared with searches performed by novice and expert physicians using MEDLINE, SAPHIRE achieved comparable recall and precision. While its combined recall and precision performance did not equal the level of librarians, SAPHIRE did achieve a significantly higher level of absolute recall. SAPHIRE has other potential advantages over existing MEDLINE systems. Its natural language interface does not require knowledge of MeSH, and it provides relevance ranking of retrieved references.
Abstracting and Indexing↗
Novel neuroradiological image processing and information retrieval in a telestroke system.
A Cellular Neural Network based image processing system and a system based on Interaction Information Retrieval which are basic elements of a stroke teleconsultation system with most recent applications are introduced in this paper. Both of them are novel approaches in the image processing and information retrieval fields.
Algorithms↗
The Necessity of an Electronic SOP Retrieval System.
OBJECTIVES: Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) are part of the quality management system when carrying out clinical trials. It is therefore important for all those envolved to know about them and act accordingly. This survey should help to detect problems concerning the handling of SOP during clinical trials. METHOD: Anonymous survey of all employees of the Koordinierungszentren Klinische Studien (KKS) in Germany by means of standardised questionnaires (238 employees in August 2004 according to the KKS homepages). RESULT: 58,8% of all evaluation sheets were sent back proving that paper-based as well as electronic SOP systems are not sufficiently integrated into everyday work procedures. CONCLUSION: Steps will have to be taken in order to increase the use of SOP. We propose a computer-based retrieval tool (SOP Information Retrieval System).
Germany↗
A study of abbreviations in the UMLS.
Abbreviations are widely used in medicine. The understanding of abbreviations is important for medical language processing and information retrieval systems. The Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) contains a large number of abbreviations. We hypothesized that extracting and studying the UMLS abbreviations can be helpful for understanding the characteristics of abbreviations in medicine. In this paper, we describe a method for extracting abbreviations from the UMLS. We evaluated the method and studied the ambiguous nature of the abbreviations. In addition, the coverage of the UMLS abbreviations in medical reports was studied. Using our method, we extracted 163,666 unique (abbreviation, full form) pairs from the UMLS with a precision of 97.5%, and a recall of 96%. The UMLS abbreviations were highly ambiguous: 33.1% of abbreviations with six characters or less had multiple meanings; the average number of different full forms for all abbreviations with six characters or less was 2.28. The coverage of the UMLS abbreviations in medical reports was over 66%.
Abbreviations as Topic↗
Defining and relating biomedical terms: towards a cross-language morphosemantics-based system.
This paper addresses the issue of how semantic information can be automatically assigned to compound terms, i.e. both a definition and a set of semantic relations. This is particularly crucial when elaborating multilingual databases and when developing cross-language information retrieval systems. The paper shows how morphosemantics can contribute in the constitution of multilingual lexical networks in biomedical corpora. It presents a system capable of labelling terms with morphologically related words, i.e. providing them with a definition, and grouping them according to synonymy, hyponymy and proximity relations. The approach requires the interaction of three techniques: (1) a language-specific morphosemantic parser, (2) a multilingual table defining basic relations between word roots and (3) a set of language-independent rules to draw up the list of related terms. This approach has been fully implemented for French, on an about 29,000 terms biomedical lexicon, resulting to more than 3000 lexical families. A validation of the results against a manually annotated file by experts of the domain is presented, followed by a discussion of our method.
France↗
Predicting Lexical Relations between Biomedical Terms: towards a Multilingual Morphosemantics-based System.
This paper addresses the issue of how semantic information can be automatically assigned to compound terms, i.e. both a definition and a set of semantic relations. This issue is particularly crucial when elaborating multilingual databases and when developing cross-language information retrieval systems. The paper shows how morpho-semantics can contribute in the constitution of multilingual lexical networks in biomedical corpora. It presents a system capable of labelling terms with morphologically related words, i.e. providing them with a definition, and grouping them according to synonymy, hyponymy and proximity relations. The approach requires the interaction of three techniques: (1) a la morphosemantic parser, (2) a multilingual table defining basic relations between word roots, and (3) a set of language-independant rules to draw up the list of related terms. This approach has been fully implemented for French, on an about 29,000 terms biomedical lexicon, resulting to more than 3,000 lexical families.
Language↗
Database of protein sequence alignments: PIR-ALN.
The Protein Information Resource (PIR) has been maintaining a database of curated protein sequence alignments since 1991. The collection includes superfamily, family and homology domain alignments. CLUSTAL V/W is used to generate multiple sequence alignments and ALNED, an interactive alignment editor, is used to check and correct them. The database has helped in classifying sequences, in defining new homology domains, and in spreading and standardizing protein names, features and keywords among members of a family or superfamily. The ATLAS information retrieval system can be used to browse and query the PIR-ALN alignments. The quarterly and weekly updates can be accessed via the WWW at http://www-nbrf. georgetown.edu/pir/
Databases, Factual↗
Interpreting natural language queries using the UMLS.
This paper describes AQUA (A QUery Analyzer), the natural language front end of a prototype information retrieval system. AQUA translates a user's natural language query into a representation in the Conceptual Graph formalism. The graph is then used by subsequent components to search various resources such as databases of the medical literature. The focus of the parsing method is on semantics rather than syntax, with semantic restrictions being provided by the UMLS Semantic Net. The intent of the approach is to provide a method that can be emulated easily in applications that require simple natural language interfaces.
Humans↗