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PubMed1994

Management-focused health informatics research and education at the University of Manchester.

The Health Services Management Unit was established in 1956 and the Centre for Health Informatics in 1988 as one of eight new centres of research and professional practice. New programmes of informatics education have been created to integrate many of the areas of social and management sciences with clinical work. The model, of a multi-disciplinary higher education department based at a University with very substantial departments of Bio-Medicine and Computation, enables the Centre to reflect an alternative paradigm of health informatics. Informatics practitioners from many disciplines are taught a combination of knowledge and skills through a range of educational methods. A classification scheme for educational work is offered.

Medical Informatics↗
PubMed1994

Directions and opportunities in health informatics in British Columbia.

The social changes, and changes in perceptions of the effectiveness of health care in British Columbia have resulted in a large number of recommendations in the report of the British Columbia Royal Commission on Health Care and Costs. Many of these recommendations have implications for health informatics. The British Columbia Government, in outlining a response, foresees a major change in the emphases of health care, which will involve four major areas of health informatics: network evolution, automation of the patient record, outcome- and other quality-related databases, and consumer health education. These themes are discussed, in the light of the opinions of academics, health care providers, and the health-informatics industry. The themes must be intercalated into the health informatics curriculum, to equip graduates for the challenges of B.C.'s changing health care system.

British Columbia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nursing informatics educational needs.

A survey was conducted among 497 respondents in a northeastern metropolitan area to determine the informatics educational needs of professional nurses. All subjects were asked to indicate on a four-point scale their current knowledge and their desired knowledge in 23 content areas. The population was subdivided into three subsamples based on job classification. There were differences in the informatics educational needs of nurse educators, nurse managers, and informatics nurses. There was interest in returning to school for a graduate degree or certificate in nursing informatics by a majority of the sample, although 71% of the respondents already possess a higher degree.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nursing informatics in Australia.

The development of nursing informatics in Australia began around 1984 and has had a tortuous history. Nevertheless, it has helped create awareness of the discipline of informatics and the technology available. Nurses have been important in stimulating interest in health informatics throughout the country. This paper discusses nursing informatics in Australia in terms of historical roots, professional organizations, education, work experience, research, and government programs.

Australia↗
PubMed1996

Medical informatics--an interdisciplinary approach.

Medical informatics is the first science that has incorporated all traditional medical disciplines. That progress is possible due to fast development of new technologies, particularly in informatics, as well as due to common needs of all medical disciplines. Information is crucial component of all investigations, and that is why the main goal should be incorporation of information technologies into medical practice. Due to its complexity, medical informatics is interdisciplinary. That is evident through incorporation of different methods, principles, techniques etc., that are used while carrying out the tasks in the field of medical informatics. Implementation of modern technologies, particularly information technologies in medicine, will enable faster data processing; it will reduce expenditures in all branches of medicine (statistics, documentation or documentary etc.). Thus, medical staff will have much more time to devote themselves to primary tasks.

Medical Informatics↗
PubMed1998

Citation analysis in journal rankings: medical informatics in the library and information science literature.

Medical informatics is an interdisciplinary field. Medical informatics articles will be found in the literature of various disciplines including library and information science publications. The purpose of this study was to provide an objectively ranked list of journals that publish medical informatics articles relevant to library and information science. Library Literature, Library and Information Science Abstracts, and Social Science Citation Index were used to identify articles published on the topic of medical informatics and to identify a ranked list of journals. This study also used citation analysis to identify the most frequently cited journals relevant to library and information science.

Bibliometrics↗
PubMed1999

Use of fuzzy set theory to extend Dhawan's journal selection model: ranking the biomedical informatics serials.

OBJECTIVE: Experts disagree on the parameters to use to identify the "best" serials within a scientific field. The author set out to develop an extension to Dhawan's journal selection model for ranking serials in any scientific field. METHODS: Comparison of three different instantiations of Dhawan's model were used to rank thirty-four biomedical informatics serials. RESULTS: The first instantiation of Dhawan's model identified seven serials and divided them into two groups. The second instantiation of Dhawan's model identified twelve serials and separated them into two groups. Using fuzzy set theory the new extended model produced a rank ordered list of the top twelve biomedical informatics serials. CONCLUSIONS: Use of fuzzy set theory to assign set membership and combine data in Dhawan's journal selection model allows one to: (1) eliminate the need to determine arbitrary cutoff points for inclusion of serials within each of Dhawan's evaluation criteria categories, (2) combine data from disparate sources, and (3) obtain a rank-ordered list of the biomedical informatics serials rather than simply identifying a set of the "top" serials. Such a ranked list provides librarians and researchers alike with the information necessary to help them make their biomedical informatics serial selection decisions based on objective, quantifiable data.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Trends in students' knowledge, opinions, and experience regarding dental informatics and computer applications.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated knowledge, opinions, and experience regarding dental informatics and computers among first-year dental students (D1s) and fourth-year dental students (D4s). DESIGN: First-year (N = 95) and fourth-year (N = 91) students in 1990 and first-year (N = 97) and fourth-year (N = 91) students in 1993 at a school of dentistry were surveyed. MEASUREMENTS: Demographic characteristics and computer ownership were assessed. Knowledge was measured using an 18-item scale (range 0-18). Opinions were measured using a 13-item scale (range 13-65; alpha = 0.81). Experience was measured using a 28-item scale (range 28-140). RESULTS: Response rates were all nearly 100%. Computer ownership by the D1s increased from 17.9% to 43.8% in the three years between surveys. Knowledge and opinions of the 1990 and 1993 D1s were similar, although the latter reported more experience with hardware and software. Experience with dental informatics applications was lacking in both groups. The 1993 D4s had completed more computer courses than had the 1990 D4s (2.3 vs 0.9), and demonstrated significantly more knowledge and experience. Opinion scores were nearly identical for these groups. The D4s in 1993 who had been D1s in 1990 had increased their knowledge of and experience with informatics applications during dental school. A difference in computer knowledge between the entering D1 males and females was observed in 1990, but was essentially gone by 1993 for the same individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Entering students had more computing knowledge and skill than their predecessors. Informatics knowledge and experience increased during dental school, and knowledge disparities between genders disappeared.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Integrating a nursing professional practice model and nursing informatics in a collective bargaining environment.

The integration of a professional practice model of nursing and nursing informatics support for that model is congruent with the goals of a professional nursing union. Thus, the collective-bargaining unit can be a powerful ally to nursing management in achieving the integration of a professional practice model of nursing and nursing informatics. This alliance is based on a shared vision of the nature of professional nursing practice and a common concern for the quality of working life and working environment of the professional nurse. This alliance can provide the basis for decision making about the type of nursing information system to be selected or developed for installation in a particular organization. Use of a participatory decision-making process will ensure that all nursing stakeholders are committed to the decision made and prepared to assist with the resolution of implementation issues as they arise. A harmonious alliance of nursing management and the nursing union ensures a partnership that will protect the clinical nursing caregiver and provide a unified voice for nursing within the organization to resist any attempt by other stakeholders to implement an information system that will not meet the needs of nursing. If nursing management and the collective bargaining unit share the concept of a professional model of nursing practice and view nursing informatics as a tool to assist the nursing staff to operationalize the professional model of nursing, then collaboration in resolving issues related to the implementation of nursing information systems will facilitate the process of achieving the integration of a professional practice model of nursing and nursing informatics support for that model.

Collective Bargaining↗
PubMed1995

Network-based informatics support of research collaborations in the Human Genome Project and the Human Brain Project.

Sophisticated network-based informatics support will increasingly be required for collaborating biomedical laboratories located in different geographic locations, both to accommodate the massive amount of data being generated in certain fields, and to allow different types of data produced at different laboratories to be analyzed in an integrated fashion. The paper describes the experience of the Yale Center for Medical Informatics in providing informatics support for collaborative projects in gene mapping (as part of the national Human Genome Project) and neuroscience (as part of the national Human Brain Project). The paper describes the informatics needs of the two projects and the solutions being developed, describes certain lessons learned, and discusses certain broader issues that arise.

Brain Mapping↗
PubMed1999

Medical informatics' promised land: are we there yet?

A decade ago, a "promised land" was envisioned in which the true potential of medical informatics would be realized. A decade later, it is time to assess academic medicine's progress in its journey into this medical informatics promised land. To that end, the author considers how our academic medical centers have been affected by changes in social, financial, and technical forces originating either "inside" or "outside" these institutions. He describes how the Internet and the World Wide Web have brought about an explosion in the availability of biomedical information, eased communication across the globe, made more information available at a lower cost, and changed the pace of everyday work. Although he argues that academic medical centers have not always kept pace with these changes, information systems are improving as the leaders in academic medicine come to appreciate the value of both information technology and the people who understand it. To reach the "promised land" envisioned a decade ago, academic medical centers must treat medical informatics as a central component of their academic mission.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Directions for clinical research and genomic research into the next decade: implications for informatics.

Medical informatics is defined largely by its host disciplines in clinical and biological medicine, and to project the agenda for informatics into the next decade, the health community must envision the broad context of biomedical research. This paper is a sketch of this vision, taking into account pressures from changes in the U.S. health care system, the need for more objective information on which to base health care decisions, and the accelerating progress and clinical impact of genomics research. The lessons of modern genomics research demonstrate the power of computing and communication tools to facilitate rapid progress through the adoption of open community standards for information exchange and collaboration. While aspects of this vision are speculative, it seems clear that the core agenda for informatics must be the development of interoperating systems that can facilitate the secure gathering, interchange, and analysis of high-quality information and can gain leverage from worldwide collaboration in advancing and applying new medical knowledge.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Science and practice: a case for medical informatics as a local science of design.

Because scientific research is guided by concerns for uncovering "fundamental truths," its time frame differs from that of design, development, and practice, which are driven by immediate needs for practical solutions. In medicine, however, as in other disciplines, basic scientists, developers, and practitioners are being called on increasingly to forge new alliances and work toward common goals. The authors propose that medical informatics be construed as a local science of design. A local science seeks to explain aspects of a domain rather than derive a set of unifying principles. Design is concerned with the creation, implementation, and adaptation of artifacts in a range of settings. The authors explore the implications of this point of view and endeavor to characterize the nature of informatics research, the relationship between theory and practice, and issues of scientific validity and generalizability. They argue for a more pluralistic approach to medical informatics in building a cumulative body of knowledge.

Computer Systems↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Three decades of research on computer applications in health care: medical informatics support at the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and its predecessor organizations-collectively referred to here as AHRQ-have a productive history of funding research and development in the field of medical informatics, with grant investments since 1968 totaling $107 million. Many computerized interventions that are commonplace today, such as drug interaction alerts, had their genesis in early AHRQ initiatives. This review provides a historical perspective on AHRQ investment in medical informatics research. It shows that grants provided by AHRQ resulted in achievements that include advancing automation in the clinical laboratory and radiology, assisting in technology development (computer languages, software, and hardware), evaluating the effectiveness of computer-based medical information systems, facilitating the evolution of computer-aided decision making, promoting computer-initiated quality assurance programs, backing the formation and application of comprehensive data banks, enhancing the management of specific conditions such as HIV infection, and supporting health data coding and standards initiatives. Other federal agencies and private organizations have also supported research in medical informatics, some earlier and to a greater degree than AHRQ. The results and relative roles of these related efforts are beyond the scope of this review.

Databases, Factual↗
PubMed1994

Health service production in the view of medical informatics.

Medical informatics aims to improve the process and the result of health care delivery, both in its theoretical and practical aspects through the application of formal methods and concepts of informatics and the utilization of up-to-date information and communication technology. As part of a theoretical framework this paper deals with the factors of production, the constitutive criteria and the formal aspects of health service production in the view of medical informatics.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1995

American College of Physicians (ACP) medical informatics and telemedicine.

The American College of Physicians (ACP) is the largest speciality society in the United States with over 83,000 Internal Medicine physician members. ACP seeks to be the foremost comprehensive education and information resource for all internists in support of its mission "to enhance the quality and effectiveness of health care." Medical Informatics and telemedicine is an integral part of the American College of Physicians' strategy to achieve its goals. ACP Medical Informatics Subcommittee and staff develop ACP policies and programs to improve clinical care and medical education through the use of Information Systems and new technologies for managing and integrating medical information and knowledge. This paper describes present and planned ACP informatics and telemedicine programs and projects focussing particularly on strategies to meet physicians' information needs incident to their patient care activities.

Forecasting↗
PubMed1995

The role of medical informatics in telemedicine.

The role of medical informatics in telemedicine is dependent on using the power of the computerized database to not only feed patient specific information to the health care providers, but to use the epidemiological and statistical information in the data base to improve decision making and ultimately care. The computer is also a powerful tool to facilitate standardizing and monitoring of care and when applied in continuous quality improvement methodology it can enhance the improvement process well beyond what can be done by hand. The coupling of medical informatics with telemedicine allows sophisticated medical informatics systems to be applied in low population density and remote areas.

Databases, Factual↗
PubMed2004

Promoting patient safety through informatics-based nursing education.

The Institute of Medicine (IOM) Committee on Quality of Health Care in America identified the critical role of information technology in designing safe and effective health care. In addition to technical aspects such as regional or national health information infrastructures, to achieve this goal, healthcare professionals must receive the requisite training during basic and advanced educational programs. In this article, we describe a two-pronged strategy to promote patient safety through an informatics-based approach to nursing education at the Columbia University School of Nursing: (1) use of a personal digital assistant (PDA) to document clinical encounters and to retrieve patient safety-related information at the point of care, and (2) enhancement of informatics competencies of students and faculty. These approaches may be useful to others wishing to promote patient safety through using informatics methods and technologies in healthcare curricula.

Curriculum↗