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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Mothers: influential agents in father-child relations.

One hundred forty-four mothers and fathers completed structured, standardized questionnaires that assessed mother's personal characteristics (developmental history, responsiveness, and sex role orientation), contextual domains (satisfaction with marriage, employment status, and social support), maternal attitudes about the importance of and satisfaction with spouse's involvement in childrearing, maternal support for father's involvement, children's characteristics (age, sex, problem behaviors), and father's involvement and satisfaction. Results from analyses of variance showed that the age of the child and maternal support were the strongest predictors of father's involvement and satisfaction, but ecological domains, maternal attitudes, mothers' personal attributes, and children's characteristics also contributed reliably to variations in fathering.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Quality management and influential factors for the detection of single metastatic cancer cells by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.

The sensitive and specific detection of micrometastasis holds great promise for earlier staging of cancer patients. By amplification of tissue-specific gene expression, the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR) readily detects single tumour cells in different tissues. An increasing number of rtPCR assays with possible relevance for routine laboratory diagnostic procedures is currently being reported in the literature. Interestingly, when used in the clinical setting, assays for the same target mRNA perform very differently, despite comparable sensitivities and specificities in-vitro. Using rtPCRs specific for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and cytokeratin 18 (CK 18), we have started to systematically investigate, both experimentally and in clinical specimens, a number of factors that contribute to the varying and seemingly implausible test results. Here we have concentrated on sample collection modalities, assay stability and test reproducibility at the sensitivity limit. Our results demonstrate in detail that, at the maximum sensitivity required for micrometastasis detection, preanalytical and statistical influences increasingly become important for the consistency of the assay results. We conclude that the prerequisite for translating the results from highly sensitive and specific rtPCR assays into clinically relevant data is the thorough definition of assay procedures and the number of tests performed on a sample. Addressing questions of standardization and quality control management is a central aspect yet to be emphasized in assay development and application of routine laboratory rtPCR tests in oncology.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗
PubMed1997

[Analysis of influential factors of suspended bacteria in air in operating rooms].

In order to control the air borne bacterial contamination of operation in operating rooms, we designed to do air sampling with FA-1 suspending air bacterial particle sampling kits. Samples were from purified operating rooms and nonpurified operating rooms, aseptic operation and contaminated operation. Data were collected in 7 different stages and 3 different altitudes. Data were statistically analysed by means of logistic linear model. The results help us understand the influencing factors of air contamination. Strategies of control of those factors were discussed.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The prevention of infections in child daycare centers: potential influential factors].

The Greater Montreal Public health departments have produced and distributed to daycare centres a manual on the prevention of infections in daycare personnel and trainees. In order to identify which factors can influence daycare management in applying the prevention measures suggested in the manual, a study was carried out based on the Precede/Proceed theoretical framework. A total of 134 (31.6%) daycare directors completed the questionnaire. Many were aware of the different recommendations to prevent infections. However, two of the recommendations were not followed by many: wearing gloves and verifying the vaccination status of their personnel, especially in private daycare centres. Participants had a positive attitude toward the various recommendations but mentioned several problems, specifically difficulty in obtaining the information about the vaccination status, lack of time and money, as well as having to deal with a poor physical organization of the work place. Among others things, the participants proposed that there be a greater involvement from schools, provincial daycare regulators, community clinics and public health departments.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1996

[Risk and influential factors of female breast cancer among medical diagnostic X-ray workers in China].

To study whether prolonged or repeated low-dose ionizing radiation could induce female breast cancer, we analyzed the incidence and risk factors of breast cancer among female medical diagnostic X-ray workers in China by cohort study and case-control study nested in the cohort. The risk of breast cancer enhanced significantly than the control group. It occurred in those who engaged in X-ray work before 1960, those who have been worked more than 25 years and those who are exposed before age 30, however, the age of onset cancer did not advance. The significant risk factors are accumulative radiation dose of the breast, obesity and family history of breast cancer. In addition, interaction could exists between obesity, non-lactation history and occupational X-ray exposure.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Causes and influential factors of spectral broadening in Doppler flow signal].

Signals received are the resultant of the blood flow phasors in CW Doppler system and there are spectral broadening phenomena in it, in other words, frequency of signals corresponding to a moving RBC is not single. A model is presented that enables the detailed effects of spectral broadening to be calculated for a CW Doppler system by using geometric boundary argument. Results are given for the circular geometry.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1999

Medicine, economics and agenda-setting.

The filtering of potential policy issues from a large range of possibilities to a relatively small list of agenda items allows the organisation of power and influence within a policy sector to be examined. This study investigated power and influence in health policy agenda-setting in one State of Australia (Victoria) in the years 1991, 1992 and 1993. The actors seen as influential were predominantly medically trained and working in academia, health bureaucracies and public teaching hospitals. This research supports an elite model of health policy agenda-setting, in which outcomes are dependent on the structured interests within the policy field. However, while the corporate elite of the profession is influential, the frontline service providers are not, as indicated by the location of influentials in large and prestigious organisations. Politicians and professional associations and unions are less well represented, and consumer and community groups are virtually absent. In 1993 there was a sharp increase in economists being nominated as influentials, with a subsequent decrease in influentials with medical training. This relates to a (perceived or real) shift in influence from the medical profession to senior health bureaucrats. Economic concerns appear to be shaping the visible health policy agenda, through an increased number of influentials with economics training, but also through an apparent ability to shape the issues that other influentials are adding as agenda items. The corporate elite of medicine remains powerful, but their range of concerns has been effectively limited to cost containment or cost reduction, better planning and efficiency. This limiting of concerns occurs within an international policy context, where the general trends of globalisation and an emphasis on neo-liberal economics impact on the direction of health policy in individual countries.

Health Planning Councils↗
PubMed2000

[Radical prostatectomy in stage pT3C stage prostatic adenocarcinoma].

OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy of surgery in pT3c patients; to discern whether this is an independent influential factor for survival and clinical factor for diagnostic prediction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-five pT3c (TNM 1982) patients from a cohort of 220 subjects with T1-T2 prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy. Mean and median follow-up: 42 and 36 months, respectively. RESULTS: pT3 stage accounts for 20% (45/220) patients. They display a significantly higher mean PSA (25 +/- 2 ng/ml) (0.001), worse Gleason (0.0002) and clinical stage (0.0003), greater margins involvement (0.0007), and biochemical (0.02), local (0.05) and metastatic (0.001) progression. Independent influential factors are: PSA > 20 ng/ml; T2bc and Gleason 7-10. From these values patients can be divided into 3 risk groups: a) Group I (0-1 unfavourable variables): risk of seminal vesicle involvement 7%; Group II (2 unfavourable variables): risk 47%; Group III (3 unfavourable variables): risk 61%. Progression-free survival: significantly lower than patients with pT2 (58 +/- 8% vs 66 +/- 6% at 5 years) (0.002), but similar to those with pT3ab (0.91). Seminal vesicle involvement is not an independent influential factor (Cox's multivariate study). Influential factors are PSA, Gleason and clinical stage. CONCLUSIONS: pT3c tumours are not an independently influential group in progression-free survival. Progression-free survival is lower than pT2 but similar to pT3ab. Their poor prognosis is dependent on association to negatively influential clinico-pathological factors.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

[Factors on motives for rehabilitation of post-CVA clients at homes].

Qualitative studies have been made on the motives for rehabilitation of post-CVA 14 clients at homes by semi-constitutional questions. As a result, rehabilitating motives were classified into 8 influential factors such as prospects for future, sense of satisfaction for living, change in sense of self personality, change in personal relations, change in family-relation, attitude towards the post-CVA symptom, emotional mainstay, sense of health, and composing factors as with positiveness, voluntariness and subjective individuality. The contents of the influential factors and number or the manners of connections were characteristic of individuals. Among them, 4 factors such as change in family-relation, change in personal relations, change in sense of self-personality, sense of satisfaction for living have constituted the attitudes towards relation between oneself and the other after falling into the sickness. In order to elevate the motives for rehabilitation of clients at homes, it is necessary to enhance the affirmative influential factors by making assessment of influential factors and constituting factors of individual motives in a sense of individual subjects, and also, the assistance is necessary to make negative influential factors on the motives related affirmatively.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Evolution and prognostic factors of adenocarcinomas of the prostate metastasizing at diagnosis].

OBJECTIVES: In 30-40% patients, prostate adenocarcinoma is diagnosed already in the metastatic phase, a percentage that will depend on the number of patients with localized cancer that we are unable to detect. Hormonal suppression is the most widely accepted therapeutical option, although there are doubts on the value of rescue treatment after the hormone-refractive stage. This paper analyses those parameters as well as the main prognostic factors in a series of 135 patients with metastatic prostate cancer at diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 1983 and 1996, 414 patients were diagnosed with prostate adenocarcinoma in the Urology Unit. Móstoles Hospital, 135 of which (32.6%) were metastatic at the time of diagnosis and were managed as follows: 113 (84%) were treated with maximum androgenic blockade (MAB). 13 (9.6%) with orchiectomy and antiandrogens, 5 (3.7%) with various treatments, and only 4 received symptomatic treatment. Of those treated with MAB, 97 (72%) continued treatment after the hormone-refractive stage and 16 (12%) were given stramustine phosphate instead of the antiandrogen. Response monitoring was done basically by means of serial PSA determination. The parameters analyzed included survival and the following potential prognostic factors: age, performance status, metastatic bone pain, tumour diagnosis based on number of metastasis, prior PSA level, Gleason, local stage, M1 type at diagnosis based on the 1992 TNM classification, and response to the various treatment applied. RESULTS: Mean age: 72 years. Over an average of 25 (0-127) months, 80 (59%) patients have died; mean follow-up of patients alive at end of study: 24 months (3-111). Lost to follow-up: 6 patients (4.4%). Up to 1991, the proportion of patients with metastasis was 48%; since 1992, 24%. Percentage of patients diagnosed due to clinical manifestations of the metastasis (25 patients) over these two periods increased, mean age decreased and the proportion of patients with highly aggressive tumours increased. Mean overall survival, 26 months: influential prognostic factors: diagnosis due to metastasis and Gleason greater than 7; very poor prognosis for those receiving no hormonal therapy, with no differences between drug versus surgical treatment. Tumour-dependent mean survival, 32 months; influential prognostic factors: performance status, metastatic bone pain, diagnosis due to metastasis and Gleason greater than 7; very poor prognosis for those receiving no hormonal therapy. Progression-free interval, 19 months; influential prognostic factors: metastatic bone pain, PSA higher or lower than 90. Gleason greater than 7 and local stage: no differences between treatments. Mean survival after progression, 6 months; influential prognostic factors: diagnosis due to metastasis, M1b versus M1c patients: increased survival in patients rescued with stramustine phosphate. CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of prostate adenocarcinomas with metastasis at diagnosis shows a trend to decrease, although the percentage of patients who are diagnosed by the sings and symptoms of their metastasis is increasing. These patients should be treated with pharmacological or surgical hormone-suppression. Rescue treatment with stramustine phosphate prolongs survival. Influential prognostic factors: Gleason greater than 7, metastatic bone pain, tumour extent and previous PSA.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2004

Multivariate analysis of biochemical markers in synovial fluid from the shoulder joint for diagnosis of rotator cuff tears.

Multivariate discriminant analysis allowed definition of cytokine, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP) levels in synovial fluid (SF) of patients with rotator cuff tears and other shoulder lesions. We analyzed SF aspirated from the glenohumeral joints of 17 patients with rotator cuff tears; SF from nine patients with other shoulder lesions was used to characterize a non-rotator-cuff-tear (NRCT) group. Discriminant analysis demonstrated statistically significant differences in (1) the determination of whether rotator cuff tear patients are separable from the NRCT group using the influential functions, the most influential of which were interleukin 1-beta, MMP-2, and MMP-13, and (2) the assessment of whether full-thickness rotator cuff tears are distinguishable from partial tears using identical influential functions. The most influential function in the latter analysis was MMP-13. Both interleukin 1-beta and MMP-13 might be biochemical markers of impending rotator cuff tears.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Leukoencephalopathy in childhood hematopoietic neoplasm caused by moderate-dose methotrexate and prophylactic cranial radiotherapy--an MR analysis.

PURPOSE: The main purpose of this study was to determine influential factors related to minor leukoencephalopathy (LEP) caused by moderate-dose methotrexate (MTX) and prophylactic cranial radiotherapy (CRT) in childhood hematopoietic malignancies. We also compared the incidence of LEP following this treatment to that reported in the literature following treatment with high-dose MTX alone. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Thirty-eight pediatric patients of hematopoietic malignancies (37 acute lymphoblastic leukemias, 1 non-Hodgkin lymphoma) who were given CRT (18-24 Gy) as well as prophylactic intrathecal and per os MTX were studied for leukoencephalopathy by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. All the patients were free from grave neuropsychiatric disturbances. The data were examined to elucidate the influential ones of five factors (patients' age, doses of intrathecal and per os MTX, dose of CRT, interval between treatment, and MR study) to develop LEP using multiple regression analysis. To compare the effect of moderate-dose MTX and prophylactic CRT on LEP to that of high-dose MTX alone, we conducted literature review. RESULTS: Seven out of 38 patients (18%) developed LEP. From multiple regression analysis and partial correlation coefficients, the age and CRT dose seemed influential in the subsequent development of LEP. The incidence of LEP following treatment with moderate-dose MTX and prophylactic CRT appears to be less than that reported in the literature following treatment with intravenous high-dose MTX. However, even moderate-dose MTX in combination with CRT can result in a significant incidence of MR-detectable LEP, particularly in children 6 years of age or younger receiving 24 Gy. CONCLUSION: Leukoencephalopathy was caused by moderate-dose MTX and prophylactic CRT in pediatric patients, probably less frequently than by high-dose MTX treatment alone. The influential factors were patient's age and CRT dose.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Being around and knowing the players: networks of influence in health policy.

The accumulation and use of power is crucial to the health policy process. This paper examines the power of the medical profession in the health policy arena, by analysing which actors are perceived as influential, and how influence is structured in health policy. It combines an analysis of policy networks and social networks, to examine positional and personal influence in health policy in the state of Victoria, Australia. In the sub-graph of the influence network examined here, those most widely regarded as influential are academics, medically qualified and male. Positional actors (the top politician, political advisor and bureaucrat in health and the top nursing official) form part of a core group within this network structure. A second central group consists of medical influentials working in academia, research institutes and health-related NGOs. In this network locale overall, medical academics appear to combine positional and personal influence, and play significant intermediary roles across the network. While many claim that the medical profession has lost power in health policy and politics, this analysis yields few signs that the power of medicine to shape the health policy process has been greatly diminished in Victoria. Medical expertise is a potent embedded resource connecting actors through ties of association, making it difficult for actors with other resources and different knowledge to be considered influential. The network concepts and analytical techniques used here provide a novel means for uncovering different types of influence in health policy.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed2002

Environmental influences on alcohol consumption practices of alcoholic beverage servers.

Public drinking establishments have long been associated with heavy drinking among both their patrons and servers. Whether these environments represent locations where heavy drinking is learned (learning hypothesis) or simply places where already-heavy drinkers gather in a supportive environment (selection hypothesis) remains an important question. A sample of licensed alcoholic beverage servers in the state of Indiana, USA, was surveyed to better understand the drinking behaviors of servers within the alcohol service industry. Responses (N = 938) to a mailed questionnaire were analyzed to assess the relative influence of environmental and demographic factors on the drinking behavior of servers. Stepwise regression revealed "drinking on the job" as the most influential environmental factor on heavy drinking behaviors, followed by age and gender as influential demographic factors. Support was found for the selection hypothesis, but not for the learning hypothesis. Policy implications are discussed. factors on the drinking behavior of servers. Stepwise regression revealed "drinking on the job" as the most influential environmental factor on heavy drinking behaviors, followed by age and gender as influential demographic factors. Support was found for the selection hypothesis, but not for the learning hypothesis. Policy implications are discussed.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed2006

Schizophrenic patients' perceptions of stress, expressed emotion, and sensitivity to criticism.

This study was designed to get an "insider's view" of expressed emotion (EE) from the perspective of schizophrenic patients. Thirty-two patient and "influential other" pairs participated in the study. Patients' perceptions of EE attitudes in influential others were examined to determine whether they corresponded with actual EE ratings. Patients also rated how "stressed" they felt when interacting with their influential others, and patients' general sensitivity to criticism (STC) was assessed. As predicted, patients' perceptions of critical attitudes were related to actual EE ratings of criticism, although patients' perceptions of emotional overinvolvement (EOI) were not related to EOI ratings. Patients reported feeling more stressed when interacting with high-EE influential others, supporting an "EE as stressor" hypothesis. Finally, patients' STC influenced the level of stress they reported.

Adult↗