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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Response to trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine with and without immune serum globulin in young adults in Israel in 1988.

Fifteen cases of type 1 paralytic poliomyelitis occurred in August 1988, mainly among young adults in the Jewish population of Israel, where vaccine coverage exceeds 90%. The military forces, as a precaution against further spread of the virus, vaccinated all recruits in late September. They received oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) simultaneously with prophylactic immune serum globulin (ISG) to protect against hepatitis A virus infection. Since it is generally not recommended to administer live vaccines simultaneously with ISG, the serologic response to OPV given at the same time as ISG was compared with the response when OPV was given alone; specimens were also available from a control group receiving ISG alone. No effect of ISG on the antibody response to OPV was found, and thus there appears to be no contraindication to giving OPV at the same time as injecting pooled ISG--particularly relevant for travelers to areas endemic for both diseases, who have to leave at short notice. Of recruits 18-19 years of age, 21% lacked antibodies to type 1 poliovirus, suggesting either a decline in antibody titers with age or a lack of vaccine potency during earlier years. After the booster, only 2% lacked type 1 antibody, and the geometric mean titer increased from 1:16 to 1:698.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Gangliosides in serum immune complexes from tumor-bearing patients.

Immune complexes in the serum of tumor-bearing patients were adsorbed from whole blood or plasma on a protein A-Sepharose column. The adsorbed material was eluted, precipitated and analyzed for gangliosides. All precipitates obtained from eight patients at different treatment occasions contained gangliosides at concentrations varying from 0.1 to 12.2 nmol sialic acid/mg protein. The compositions of gangliosides were similar among the patients, regardless of the type of cancer, and quite different from that of normal serum. Most (75-85% of total sialic acid) belonged to the gangliotetraose series, of which 26-33% was GM1, 26-34% GD1a, 8-17% GD1b, and 5-13% GT1b. However, the dominant ganglioside in normal serum, GM3, was present in only trace amounts, which ruled out a nonspecific adsorption of serum ganglioside by protein A-Sepharose. Similar results were obtained for whole blood and plasma treatments, and these results suggest a specific interaction between gangliosides of the gangliotetraose series and serum immunoglobulins, either by the gangliosides acting as antigens and forming immune complexes or by their binding to already formed complexes.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Protective efficacy of a modified immune serum globulin in experimental group B streptococcal infection.

In spite of aggressive antimicrobial therapy and extensive support measures, the mortality rate in early-onset group B streptococcal infection continues to be exceedingly high. In previous studies, we have demonstrated that passive immunotherapy with fresh whole blood containing opsonic antibody-improved survival in human neonates with group B disease. Transfusion of whole blood, plasma, or other blood products has a number of drawbacks, however. In the present study, we have evaluated immune serum globulin and a preparation of ISG modified for intravenous use for levels of type-specific antibody, opsonic activity, and protective efficacy against type Ia, II, and III group B streptococci. Type-specific antibody was detected in most of the preparations tested. In general, the level in MISG was less than that in the comparison ISG lot. Opsonic activity was also detected in these preparations against the more antibody-sensitive group B strains but was not present for opsonin resistant strains of type Ia, II, and III. Both ISG and MISG provided protection in neonatal rats infected with group B streptococci; in most cases MISG was more efficacious than the ISG from which it was made. These studies suggest that passive immunotherapy with MISG may be a valuable adjunct to current regimens used in the management of early-onset group B disease. This would be especially so if donors could be selected whose serum or plasma contained high levels of opsonic and protective activity against both antibody-sensitive and antibody-resistant group B strains.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

C-kit+ FcR+ myelocytes are increased in cancer and prevent the proliferation of fully cytolytic T cells in the presence of immune serum.

Immunogenic cancers induce both IgG antibodies and CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Rejection of almost all immunogenic tumors depends ultimately on CTL. When tumors grow progressively, IgG continues to be produced but CTL may no longer be demonstrable. Using syngeneic mixed lymphocyte tumor cell cultures, we found that proliferation of fully activated proliferating CTL is prevented by a small subpopulation of immature myeloid c-kit(+) FcR(+) cells, for convenience referred to as "barrier cells". Both, FcR on barrier cells and IgG linked to TGF-beta (IgG-TGF-beta) present in immune serum, are obligatory for barrier cells to prevent proliferation of CTL, suggesting that IgG-TGF-beta binds FcR to activate suppression. Growing tumors increase barrier cells in the spleen. Interfering with the cells or molecules essential for barrier cells to prevent proliferation of CTL may enhance tumor and other CD8(+) CTL-mediated immunity.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

High risk of non-A non-B hepatitis after a first exposure to volunteer or commercial clotting factor concentrates: effects of prophylactic immune serum globulin.

After a first exposure to factor VIII concentrates, 9/9 British patients treated with U.S.A.-derived commercial products, and 10/12 treated with British volunteer (NHS) products, developed acute non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis. Hepatitis following commercial products was more severe, and of shorter incubation. High previous exposure to NHS blood products seemed to prevent NHS but not commercial factor VIII-induced hepatitis; the latter was also not attenuated by administration of U.S.A.-derived commercial immune serum globulin (ISG). After a first exposure to NHS factor IX concentrates without ISG, 4/4 patients developed short incubation NANB hepatitis; one also contracted prolonged incubation hepatitis B. One patient treated with ISG and factor IX of proven infectivity did not develop hepatitis, suggesting protection by ISG. Observed differences between concentrates might be attributable to their content of different NANB agents, but dose-related effects could provide alternative explanations. This data provides a basis for comparative assessment of new products of possible reduced infectivity in only small numbers of patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Granulocyte plasma membrane damage by leukotoxic supernatant from Pasteurella haemolytica A1 and protection by immune serum.

Bovine respiratory disease caused by Pasteurella haemolytica may be partially mediated by a leukotoxin secreted by the microorganism. We examined the effect of leukotoxic Pasteurella supernatants on leakage of the cytosol enzyme lactate dehydrogenase and the lysosomal enzyme arylsulfatase from bovine granulocytes. Lactate dehydrogenase release (94%) was much higher than arylsulfatase release (38%) over 30 minutes of incubation. The Pasteurella supernatants inhibited superoxide production by stimulated granulocytes at concentrations which also caused substantial cell death as measured by failure to exclude trypan blue. Both toxic effects were prevented by serum from aerosol-immunized calves, and protection appeared to be antibody-specific by comparison with fetal bovine serum or with serum absorbed against intact P. haemolytica. These findings suggest that the leukotoxin may selectively disrupt the granulocyte plasma membrane, and that antibody directed against a surface component of the microorganism is also capable of protecting against the leukotoxin effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Antigen-specific augmentation of delayed-type hypersensitivity by immune serum factor in mice: augmentation of anti-tumor cytostatic activity.

A humoral factor capable of augmenting delayed-type hypersensitivity antigen specificity (DAF) is present in the serum of mice sensitized with heterologous erythrocytes to induce a delayed footpad reaction (DFR). In the present study, a similar factor was identified when xenogeneic tumor cells were used as antigens. This factor also could augment the in vitro anti-tumor cytostatic activity against homologous tumor cells, which correlated with in vivo DFR to the same tumor cells. The cytostatic activity augmented by the transfer of this factor had the following characteristics: The activity appeared in the whole peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) from serum recipients at 4 days after the antigenic challenge. Such an activity was revealed in the collaboration of plastic dish-nonadherent and -adherent PEC as the primary and final effectors, respectively. The appearance of primary effector cells for such an activity was also accelerated in spleen and lymph node cells. However, a sufficient number of macrophages were always required as the final effectors in their functional expression. These primary effectors were sensitized T lymphocytes which produced lymphokine(s) such as macrophage-activating factor(s) and which contributed to this augmented cytostatic activity through the activation of macrophages. Thus, this immune serum factor seems to exert functional expression by accelerating the generation of lymphokine-producing delayed-type T lymphocytes, which is also responsible for cytostatic anti-tumor immunity.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Rhipicephalus appendiculatus: larval feeding sites in guinea pigs actively sensitized and receiving immune serum.

Histological analyses of larval Rhipicephalus appendiculatus feeding sites in naive and actively sensitized guinea pigs were made at 6, 24, 48, 72, 96 hr post-tick attachment. As primary feedings progressed the cavity at the entrance of the ticks mouthparts into the uppermost dermis, and the surrounding cellular infiltrate (lesion) both increased. Early (6 hr) lesions were dominated by eosinophils again predominated at 72 hr (44%), and finally basophils were dominant at 96 hr increased as tick feeding progressed and at each observation time was at least twice that observed in primary feedings. Dermal cavities at the site of entrance of the ticks mouthparts were occasional in occurrence and were reduced in size indicating altered tick feeding. Basophils were dominant at all observation times ranging from 61 to 91% of the infiltrate. The second cell type of significance was the eosinophil, ranging in abundance from 7 to 21%. Recipients of immune serum had a smaller cellular filtrate around feeding ticks, but basophils were also dominant. Basophils appear to be the principal host cell involved in acquired resistance to tick feeding as indicated by the profound cutaneous basophil reaction that characterized the immune response to larval ticks both in actively and passively sensitized hosts. The finding of significant eosinophil accumulations at tick feeding sites of both hosts indicates that these cells may also contribute to acquired resistance.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Prophylaxis of acute viral hepatitis by immune serum globulin, hepatitis B vaccine, and health education: a sixteen year study of Japan overseas cooperation volunteers.

From 1978 to 1993 a study of acute viral hepatitis contracted by the Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers (JOCV) during their assignments in tropical and subtropical countries was conducted. Of 10,509 subjects in this study, 240 cases of acute viral hepatitis were confirmed (hepatitis A = 139, hepatitis B = 72, and non-A, non-B hepatitis = 29). The annual morbidity was 5.1% in 1978 and 4.9% in 1979, with hepatitis A accounting for 80% of the cases. However, it decreased significantly after the prophylactic inoculation with immune serum globulin (ISG) was started in 1980. A significant decrease of hepatitis B from 1.2% in 1980 to 0.1% in 1990 was also seen after vaccination was introduced for all volunteers in 1988. Health education concerning food and water sanitation, and providing general information on viral hepatitis, was also conducted throughout this period. These results indicate that acute viral hepatitis could be successfully prevented in the JOCV with a combination of ISG, hepatitis B vaccination, and health education.

Acute Disease↗