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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

The role of research in setting priorities for health care.

Research of all types plays a fundamental role in setting health care priorities, in part by informing the development of robust clinical practice guidelines. Today's investments in research may make tomorrow's choices about who gets what kinds of care easier, not more difficult. The converse also holds: today's investments in providing care, if made at the significant expense of research, will not make tomorrow's choices about care any easier. In making choices and balancing priorities, the centrality of health services research must be understood. The information necessary to make the hard choices about priorities in health care today may be generated as much, if not more, from investments in this field of inquiry as from equivalent investments in other arenas of scientific endeavour, because of the growing need for information about the effectiveness of health care and in making better use of health resources.

Evidence-Based Medicine↗
PubMed1993

Communitarian illusions: or why the Dutch proposal for setting priorities in health care must fail.

This article accounts for the failure of the Dutch Government Committee on Choices in Health Care to develop useful criteria of necessary care by which to set health care priorities and ration resources. The Government Committee has been inspired by philosophers who think that allocation problems cannot be solved without placing broad moral questions about the good life, and about the place of health and illness in our lives on the public agenda. The fruitless attempts of the Committee to formulate an effective notion of essential care, based upon a community-oriented perspective of health, shows why the communitarian approach is bound to fail. Questions about essential health care cannot be answered on a macro-level. The only way to get some reasonable control over day-to-day health care allocation decisions in hospitals and institutions is by trying to understand the history, laws, habits and contingencies of what is going on between doctors and patients. Such an understanding can be gained by developing a relational and biographical view on the doctor-patient relationship.

Advisory Committees↗
PubMed2006

Current priorities in health research funding and lack of impact on the number of child deaths per year.

We determined the proportion of research on childhood mortality directed toward better medical technology (i.e., by improving old technology or creating new technology) compared with research on technology delivery and utilization. We also estimated mortality reductions from a research-funding strategy focusing primarily on developing technology compared with one that also focused on delivery and utilization. Ninety-seven percent of grants were for developing new technologies, which could reduce child mortality by 22%. This reduction is one third of what could be achieved if existing technologies were fully utilized. There is a serious discrepancy between current research and the research needed to save children's lives. In addition to increased research on the efficacy of treatment, there is an even greater need for increased research on delivery and use of technology.

Biomedical Research↗
PubMed1996

Health-related practices and priorities: the health behaviors and beliefs of community-living Black older women.

Black older women were found to have a high mean level of adherence to recommended health-protecting behaviors. Participants perceived that adherence to health-protecting behaviors played a highly important role in helping them to live a long and health life. Nurses must direct increased attention and intervention to the importance of practicing primary prevention behaviors as an assertion of control over the future health, well-being, and quality of life of Black older women.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1994

Towards a higher priority for health on the development agenda.

Over the last few years major international agencies (particularly the World Health Organisation and the World Bank) have increasingly recognised that investing in health is crucial for development. Development policies have the potential to enhance or impede progress in achieving Health for All. At the macro-economic level it is broadly recognised that the state of the economy of a country has a strong influence on its health level. The growing number of the population below the poverty line in sub-Saharan Africa is expected to have a substantial impact on health in the future. Further, structural adjustment programmes' impact on health has yet to be adequately evaluated. Rapid population growth in sub-Saharan Africa needs to be innovatively addressed as a matter of extreme urgency. The education of women is strongly related to child survival. Over the next few years the prospects for global disarmament are increasing. Options for using both the technology, financial savings, and personnel for improving health need to be investigated. A broader range of policy options for health needs to be considered by governments. A greater focus on information, education, and communication for health is needed that draws upon both the private and the public sector; greater use of regulation and legislation as solid policy instruments, for example, for pollution control, and banning tobacco and alcohol advertising, is required. Financial strategies using a combination of taxes and subsidies have not been adequately used in developing countries. The previous emphasis on urban-based expensive hospitals has proved to be inappropriate, resulting in severe inefficiency and inequity in the health systems of developing countries. Greater attention must be given to funding those areas with a high potential for positive externalities and that yield public goods. The final policy instrument involves using research to extend the options for intervention choice.

Africa South of the Sahara↗