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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Circulatory and EEG changes during resuscitation in experiments.

In anaesthetized dogs blood pressure (BP), carotid artery flow (CAF), oxygen tension of arterial blood (paO2) and brain surface (bs-pO2), ECG, frequency analyzed EEG were measured and/or recorded. The changes in these parameters were detected before and during ventricular fibrillation with external and direct heart massage as well as after defibrillation. Comparisons were made between the effect of oxygen and room air ventilation. The ratio of successful resuscitation was 88% with direct heart massage and O2 respiration, 76% with external thoracic massage and O2 ventilation, and 68% with external massage combined with room air respiration. The highest BP and CAF could be achieved with direct heart massage. The results suggest that the minimal requirement for success is to achieve a BP of 5 kPa (40 mmHg) and 13 ml/min CAF. In dogs with large and stiff thorax this minimal pressure and flow could not be attained. During effective massage with room air ventilation brain surface pO2 increases moderately, but with O2-respiration it returns to normal. Small or no changes in bs-pO2 indicates unfavourable prognosis. The start bs-pO2 elevation coincides with the reappearance of the first EEG waves, while pO2 increase on the brain surface precedes the normalization of EEG.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Primordial conditions of successful resuscitation: experimental study.

In anesthetized dogs blood pressure (BP), carotid artery flow (CAF), oxygen tension of arterial blood (PaO2) and brain surface (bs-PO2), ECG, and frequency-analyzed EEG were measured and recorded. The changes in these parameters were detected in the control state and during ventricular fibrillation with external and direct heart massage as well as after defibrillation. Comparisons were made between the effect of oxygen and room air ventilation. The degree of successful resuscitation was 88% with direct heart massage and O2 respiration, 76% with external thoracic massage and O2 ventilation, and 68% with external massage combined with room air respiration. The highest BP and CAF could be achieved with direct heart massage. The results suggest the following: the minimal requirement for success is to achieve a BP of 5 kPa 40 mmHg and 13 ml/min CAF. In cases of dogs with a large and stiff thorax, this minimal pressure and flow cannot be ensured. During effective massage with room air ventilation, the brain surface PO2 increases moderately, but with O2-respiration it returns to normal. Small or no change in brain surface PO2 indicates an unfavorable prognosis. The start of brain surface PO2 elevation coincides with the reappearance of the first EEG waves, but the bs-PO2 increase precedes the normalization of EEG.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

The behaviours of the inhabitants of the Lublin region in the situations of sudden cardiac arrest as reflected in the opinions of the Ambulance Service doctors.

Diseases of blood circulation system constitute the major cause of sudden cardiac arrest and deaths in Poland. Approximately 70% of all the cases of cardiac arrest occurs outside hospitals, frequently at patient's home. In the case of applying immediate resuscitation by the event witness in the situation of sudden cardiac arrest the percentage of the victims' survival is estimated at approximately 43%. Each delay of the initiation of Basic (BLS) and afterwards Advanced Life Support (ALS) lowers the chance of survival. Thus, it is extremely significant to educate Polish society in the area of basic resuscitative actions, particularly due to the fact that laypeople are usually the first ones at the scene of an accident. The aim of the paper was to determine to what extent the inhabitants of the Lublin region are prepared to rescue victims of sudden accidents by means of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and proper response in the situation of the sudden cardiac arrest. As results from the executed survey the inhabitants of the Lublin region in the situation of sudden cardiac arrest mostly do nothing but call an ambulance. The witnesses of the sudden cardiac arrest more frequently apply only rescue breathing or only indirect heart massage rather than rescue breathing and indirect heart massage simultaneously. The competence for applying CPR among the inhabitants of the Lublin region is poor and the resuscitative actions are much more frequently taken up by men. Premedical aid trainings are considered insufficient to prepare witnesses of sudden cardiac arrest for applying first-aid. They should be conducted by doctors, in properly prepared and equipped training centers. The majority of the Ambulance Service doctors in Lublin indicated the demand for reminder premedical aid trainings.

Ambulances↗
PubMed1992

[Liver and splenic ruptures as a complication of heart pressure massage].

UNLABELLED: Injuries of the abdominal organs, especially liver and spleen, which were caused by resuscitative measures, can occasionally raise problems if an expert opinion on death is obtained particularly with regard to previous traumatization and if the question arises whether the trauma could have been avoided or not. These questions will be discussed from different points of view by means of ten cases. RESULT: Even when lege-artis-cardiac massage is made, the above mentioned complications cannot always be avoided. In none of the ten cases the trauma caused by resuscitative measures was the cause of concomitant cause of fatal outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Cardiac massage in the early days of the technique. An instrument of dubious usefulness].

Authors expose a short historical profile of heart massage techniques purposed and realized in the second part of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century. Some methods were well known and diffused, and object of discussion, as demonstrated by Macaura's Blood Circulator, an instrument used for external heart massage, found in U.K., obtaining no practical results; but constructed and sold only for gain.

England↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of protease inhibitor (trasylol) and heparin in cardiorespiratory resuscitation. II. Gasometric investigations of arterial blood.

The purpose of the present work was to assess the effect of trasylol--an inhibitor of proteases--and heparin on gasometric values in arterial blood during cardio-respiratory resuscitation. The investigations were carried out on rabbits in three experimental groups. In group I the simplest resuscitation procedures were applied: artificial respiration with AMBU self-expanding bag and heart massage. In group II oxygen was given for respiration, heart massage was applied, cardiac, vasoactive and alkalinizing drugs were given. Group III received the above drugs and procedures but trasylol and herparin were used additionally. Cardiac arrest was obtained by means of acute hypoxia following suxamethonium administration. The investigations showed that in groups I and II despite resuscitation management arterial hypoxaemia and metabolic acidosis persisted while in group III a certain return of normal gasometric values was observed and the animals in this group survived the experiment.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed2003

[Resuscitation: CAB versus ABC].

In the resuscitation guidelines revised by the Netherlands Resuscitation Council, the decision has been made to conform with the resuscitation flowchart used elsewhere in the world, and to use the ABC sequence: 'airway-breathing-circulation'. This implies that the CAB sequence ('circulation-airway-breathing'), which has been in use since 1981, has been abandoned. Intrinsic arguments in favour of the CAB scheme are based on animal experiments and observations in humans. They come down to time-saving in the various diagnostic and therapeutic steps, whereby the chance of successful recovery of the circulation increases, and the convalescence phase and the risk of brain damage probably are reduced. In addition, this scheme is better suited to the relatively large group of patients with a cardiac cause underlying their loss of consciousness, and to the preference of lay people to limit themselves to heart massage when attending the patient. Intrinsic arguments in favour of the ABC scheme are not based on scientific data. They concern improvement of the ventilation-perfusion ratio with the first heart massage, oxygenation of the blood in the lung capillaries, improvement of the circulation and the palpability of pulses.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Practical aspects of resuscitating asphyxiated newborn infants.

Of all newborn infants, 5% require some degree of basic life support at birth. Newborn resuscitation therefore is one of the most frequent procedures carried out in medicine. It is therefore important that the routines in use are evidence based. Newborn resuscitation can be divided into ten steps: (1) initial stabilisation; (2) evaluation; (3) ventilation; (4) oxygen supplementation; (5) external heart massage; (6) medication; (7) response assessment; (8) withdrawal; (9) post resuscitation care; and (10) documentation. The procedures used in these steps are rarely based on scientific investigation and there is a need for more research in this field. Training programmes, identification of risk cases and preparation for resuscitation should be part of the routine in all delivery units. It is underlined that the need for oxygen, external heart massage or medication is rare. Most depressed newborn infants manage well with suctioning, gentle tactile stimulation or a few ventilations with a bag and mask.

Air↗
PubMed1985

Successful cardiovascular resuscitation after massive intravenous bupivacaine overdosage in anesthetized dogs.

We investigated whether anesthetized dogs (n = 6) could be resuscitated from massive cardiovascular toxic intravenous bupivacaine overdoses. Five mg/kg of bupivacaine was given into the right atrium over 10 sec every minute until cardiac collapse occurred. At the same time the bupivacaine was given, the animals were made apneic for 90 sec (to mimic the clinical situation in which seizures often render patients apneic) and then ventilated with 100% oxygen. After bupivacaine administration, cardiovascular collapse occurred in the form of ventricular tachycardia, or more commonly, electromechanical dissociation. Resuscitation was performed using open-chest heart massage, bretylium for ventricular tachycardia, and epinephrine with atropine for electromechanical dissociation and bradycardia. After successful resuscitation, each animal was again given bupivacaine as above until cardiovascular collapse occurred and resuscitation was performed again. Each dog underwent three arrests and resuscitations. The total cumulative bupivacaine dose was 64.1 +/- 26.8 mg/kg. We conclude that anesthetized dogs receiving massive cardiovascular toxic doses of bupivacaine can be resuscitated easily and consistently with appropriate therapy.

Animals↗