Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “HABIT”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

The influence of social and ethnic factors on dental care habits and dental anxiety: a study in Israel.

The purpose of the present study was to assess the influence of social and ethnic factors on dental care habits and dental anxiety in a group of children resident in Jerusalem, Israel. Four hundred and fifty-six children completed a questionnaire that included 21 questions: nine referred to socio-demographic variables, three concerned the children's dental care habits, and the remaining nine concerned dental anxiety. Social level was determined by the father's occupation and their area of residence. Ethnic background was established according to the mother's or grandmother's country of origin. Chi-squared tests revealed no significant differences between social class or ethnic origin and dental care habits or dental anxiety. Analysis of variance, however, revealed a significant difference between the anxiety reported by boys of the two ethnic groups studied. Dental care habits were good in the majority of the children of all backgrounds, and the level of dental anxiety was low in all groups. It was concluded that ethnic origin had an influence on dental anxiety only in boys, whereas ethnic origin and social class had no influence on dental care habits.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1989

Behavioural habits and affective disorders in old people.

The purpose of this paper is to explore and detect possible factors associated with the appearance and maintainance of affective disorders in the elderly; special emphasis was put on anxiety and depression. Two hundred and seven Cordobese citizens over 65 years of age, filled in a Hospital Anxiety and Depression Questionnaire and a Habit Behavioural Questionnaire. The variables sex, hospitalization and family life were controlled. The results emphasize the existence of moderate but significant correlations between depression and certain behavioural habits in the elderly, such as: appetite, taking walks and sleeping. The greater the appetite, food intake, taking of frequent walks and hours of sleep, the more the association with lower levels of depression in the elderly studied. Anxiety, on the other hand, only correlates significantly with behavioural habits related to sleep cycles. By means of a unifactorial variance analysis, the differential effect of some of the behavioural habits on the aforementioned disorders is shown. Using a multiple regression analysis, results of the behavioural habits, which seem to be the best predictors of anxiety and depression in the elderly, are obtained. After a discussion of these results, their possible implications in nursing are analysed and a few interesting conclusions are drawn.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1987

Dietary habits, gingival status and occurrence of Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli as predictors of caries in 3-year-olds in Sweden.

The aim was to study whether dietary habits, oral hygiene expressed as gingival status, and presence/absence of S. mutans and lactobacilli, singly or in combinations, could be used as caries predictors. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values for positive (PV+) and negative tests (PV-) were calculated. 133 children, 3 yr of age, were examined for caries and presence/absence of S. mutans and lactobacilli. Three levels of gingival status and dietary habits, respectively, were registered. Two groups in respect of dietary habits and oral hygiene were formed by stepwise pooling of the caries data for the nine possible combinations of oral hygiene and dietary habits, setting the most discriminating border (screening level) where sensitivity (0.86) and specificity (0.69) simultaneously reached their highest value. PV + was 0.58 and PV- 0.91. Higher predictive values were obtained when presence/absence of lactobacilli and of S. mutans were combined. Combinations of defined levels of dietary habits, gingival status and presence/absence of lactobacilli showed sensitivity 0.87, specificity 0.95, PV + 0.87 and PV- 0.95, presence/absence of S. mutans sensitivity 0.94, specificity 0.76, PV + 0.74 and PV- 0.95. A two-step prediction, with gingival status as the first predictor and presence/absence of lactobacilli or S. mutans as the second, was the most efficient when lactobacilli were involved.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1994

Dental health habits of young families from southwestern Finland.

The dental care habits of parents and children as well as the associations of these habits were investigated in a follow-up study conducted in the Southwest of Finland. The background factors of the child's use of night-time juice were also studied. The families of the study were a representative sample of local young families with their first child. The study sample was obtained using stratified randomized cluster sampling and confidential questionnaires. Both the mother's and the father's toothbrushing habits were significantly associated with the child's toothbrushing habits with a cumulative effect. The mother's use of sugar was significantly associated with the child's sugar use habit. Infectious diseases at the age of 9-17 months had an increasing effect on the use of juice at night. Fathers and the youngest mothers, especially, need additional support not only for the demanding task of the upbringing of their child but also for the care of their own teeth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The traditional humoral food habits of pregnant Vietnamese-Australian women and their effect on birth weight.

Vietnamese-Australian women have infants with lower birth weight than Australian-born women. Traditional humoral food habits, based on ancient Chinese medicine, are more likely to be followed during life changes like pregnancy. These food habits may influence maternal energy intake, weight gain and therefore infant birth weight. This study determined the proportion of pregnant Vietnamese women in southwestern Sydney who practise traditional humoral food habits, and their effect on birth weight. A cohort of 113 pregnant Vietnamese-born women were questioned on smoking status, height, weight, parity, food practices and demographics. Dietary intake was measured in each trimester. Known risk factors and infant birth weights were collected from medical records for participants and nonresponders. Fifty-seven per cent practised the traditional food habits. There were no differences in energy intake or weight gain between the two groups. After adjusting for confounders, birth weight was estimated to be 3257 g (95 per cent confidence interval (CI) 3205 to 3309) and 3272 g (CI 3211 to 3333) for the infants of traditional and nontraditional women respectively. Following humoral food habits does not appear to affect birth weight. Women who choose to follow these traditions should not be discouraged from doing so.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Adolescent health behaviour and similarity-attraction: friends share smoking habits (really), but much else besides.

Smoking habits and related attitudes were assessed in a sample of 4059 11- to 16-year-olds who also identified their best friends from among their fellow respondents. Subjects' responses were directly collated with those of their friends and indicated a clear covariation of smoking status (controlling for sex and age) as anticipated from previous research in which adolescents have been asked to report on the smoking habits of their friends. Such covariation, however, was not specific to smoking habits, but generalized to related measures of attitude and normative beliefs, alcohol use, health locus of control, school performance, spending habits and socio-economic status. Similarities on these other attributes were much the same, whether or not friends shared each others' smoking habits. It is concluded that these data argue against a simplistic view of unidirectional 'peer group influence' and invite an interpretation of friendship choice based on multiple dimensions of similarity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Association between allergic rhinitis, bottle feeding, non-nutritive sucking habits, and malocclusion in the primary dentition.

AIM: To determine the association between allergic rhinitis, bottle feeding, non-nutritive sucking habits, and malocclusion in the primary dentition. METHODS: Data were collected on 1160 children aged 4-5 years, who had been longitudinally followed since the age of 4 months, when they were admitted to nurseries in a suburban area of Tampico-Madero, Mexico. Periodically, physical examinations were conducted and a questionnaire was given to their parents or tutors. RESULTS: Malocclusion was detected in 640 of the children (51.03% had anterior open bite and 7.5% had posterior cross-bite). Allergic rhinitis alone (adjusted odds ratio = 2.87; 95% CI 1.57 to 5.25) or together with non-nutritive sucking habits (adjusted odds ratio = 3.31; 95% CI 1.55 to 7.09) had an effect on anterior open bite. Bottle feeding alone (adjusted odds ratio = 1.95; 95% CI 1.07 to 3.54) or together with allergic rhinitis (adjusted odds ratio = 3.96; 95% CI 1.80 to 8.74) had an effect on posterior cross-bite. Posterior cross-bite was more frequent in children with allergic rhinitis and non-nutritive sucking habits (10.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Allergic rhinitis alone or together with non-nutritive sucking habits is related to anterior open bite. Non-nutritive sucking habits together with allergic rhinitis seem to be the most important factor for development of posterior open bite in children under the age of 5 years.

Bottle Feeding↗
PubMed2002

Changes in appetite, food preference, and eating habits in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

BACKGROUND: Despite numerous reports of changes in satiety, food preference, and eating habits in patients with frontotemporal dementia, there have been few systematic studies. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the frequency of changes in eating behaviours and the sequence of development of eating behaviours in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease, using a caregiver questionnaire. METHODS: Three groups of patients were studied: frontal variant frontotemporal dementia (fv-FTD) (n = 23), semantic dementia (n = 25), and Alzheimer's disease (n = 43). Level of education and dementia severity was similar in the three groups. The questionnaire consisted of 36 questions investigating five domains: swallowing problems, appetite change, food preference, eating habits, and other oral behaviours. RESULTS: The frequencies of symptoms in all five domains, except swallowing problems, were higher in fv-FTD than in Alzheimer's disease, and changes in food preference and eating habits were greater in semantic dementia than in Alzheimer's disease. In semantic dementia, the developmental pattern was very clear: a change in food preference developed initially, followed by appetite increase and altered eating habits, other oral behaviours, and finally swallowing problems. In fv-FTD, the first symptom was altered eating habits or appetite increase. In Alzheimer's disease, the pattern was not clear although swallowing problems developed in relatively early stages. CONCLUSIONS: Change in eating behaviour was significantly more common in both of the frontotemporal dementia groups than in Alzheimer's disease. It is likely that the changing in eating behaviours reflects the involvement of a common network in both variants of frontotemporal dementia-namely, the ventral (orbitobasal) frontal lobe, temporal pole, and amygdala.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The preference and importance of bathing, toileting and mouth care habits in older persons.

PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to describe bathing, toileting, and mouth care habits and preferences of older persons, as well as the importance of such habits. DESIGN AND METHODS: Fifty-eight community-dwelling older persons were administered the Self-maintenance Habits And Preferences in Elderly questionnaire (SHAPE) during a one-on-one interview with a research assistant. Preferences were described by frequency distributions and mean importance for each item was calculated. Gender differences in preferences were examined using chi(2) analyses, t tests were used to compare importance levels. RESULTS: Women reported spending a longer time bathing, they were more likely to have privacy while bathing, to use a washcloth, a regular size towel, and less likely to use a large towel than were men. One-third of the women reported using some type of absorbent undergarment, while no men did so. Mouth care was the category that received the highest importance ratings. Although order of importance of items was similar across genders, women assigned higher levels of importance to these items than did men. Importance ratings given to atypical habits, such as unusually long or more than 1 bath/day, were higher than those attributed to more usual habits. IMPLICATIONS: Knowledge of the range and importance of such self-care practices can provide information useful in the development of programs and for individualized care.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Food habits of mothers and children in two regions of Oman.

Several rapid assessment surveys were carried out during the period 1988-1991 to determine the food habit of preschool children, adolescent girls and mothers in Muscat (the capital) and southern region in Oman. Data were collected from health centers, hospitals and households. There have been differences in dietary habits between the people in the two regions. These differences were more evident in breastfeeding practices, meal patterns of adolescent girls and food frequency intake of mothers. Geographical location, occupation of inhabitants, cultural and ethnic factors may be responsible for the variation in dietary habits between the two regions. Several unsound food practices during pregnancy and puerperium were reported in both regions. In general, dietary patterns of mothers and children have changed dramatically during the past two decades. Duration of breastfeeding has declined and infant formula as well as commercial weaning foods were introduced at an early time of infants' lives. The trend of consumption of food for infants, adolescent girls and mothers is in the direction of unhealthier eating habits, as foods rich in fat, cholesterol, refined sugar and salt are commonly consumed. This food pattern may contribute to diet-related chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, heart disease and dental caries. A nutrition education programme to promote a healthy diet and to correct unsound food beliefs and habits is urgently needed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Social class and changes in health-related habits in Finland in 1973-1983.

The aim of this project was to study social class differences with respect to various health-related habits and especially to note the changes in these habits after a 10-year follow-up period. From this study conclusions can be drawn as to whether health education efforts and increased interest in personal health has been more widely adopted by the more educated groups than the less educated groups, whose morbidity and mortality rates are higher. The sample consisted of 902 white-collar and blue-collar workers. Smoking was found to be more common among blue-collar workers in both years. Smoking rates had declined in all groups except female blue-collar workers. Occasions of drinking were more frequent among white-collar than blue-collar workers. However, heavier forms of drinking were more common in male blue-collar than white-collar groups, while the opposite was true among women. Dietary habits in white-collar groups were closer to the "official" recommendations than in the respective blue-collar groups in both years. White-collar men were physically more active at the time of the first investigation, and even more so ten years later. Among women, social class differences were in the same direction, but less marked. In conclusion, in the early 1970s the health-related habits examined were, in most instances, less favourable among blue-collar than white-collar workers. No consistent pattern of change in these habits was observed in the 10-year follow-up. At the end of the follow-up, many of the "inequalities" still persisted.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Crystallographic characteristics of crystal habits and their peculiarity to the substance (study of crystalline drugs by mesns of a polarizing microscope. XVIII)].

Crystallographic and optical characteristics of crystal habits have been investigated comparing the both results of goniometric and newly developed polarizing microscopic methods. It has been found that the predominant faces of crystal habits are mostly formed by (001) or (100) of orthorhombic or monoclinic system and (010) of monoclinic system, and a little part by triclinic (001). Not so many numbers of predominant faces were found to be formed by orthorhombic or monoclinic (110) making prismatic habits. Key refractive indices have been found to be uniquely measured from those habits, and it was also found that one or two of them were coincided with the principal refractive indexes, which will become important facts for the analytical use of crystal habits.

Amobarbital↗
PubMed1992

[Effects of smoking and drinking habits and vitamin A intake on serum concentrations of beta-carotene and retinol].

Serum samples from 341 males aged 10 to 59 years were obtained and stored at -40 degrees C until examined for retinol and beta-carotene concentrations by HPLC, and their relationships to smoking habit, alcohol drinking habit and vitamin A intake were studied. In univariate analysis the serum beta-carotene level was significantly lower in the smokers than in the non-smokers (smokers: 4.6 micrograms/dl, non-smokers: 7.1 micrograms/dl, p less than 0.01) and lower in the drinkers than in the non-drinkers (drinkers: 4.6 micrograms/dl, non-drinkers: 7.3 micrograms/dl, p less than 0.01). The serum retinol level was not different by smoking habit but was higher in the drinkers than in the non-drinkers (drinkers: 80.4 micrograms/dl, non-drinkers: 67.0 micrograms/dl, p less than 0.01). Serum beta-carotene was higher in the group with a greater intake of vitamin A of vegetable origin (6.1 micrograms/dl) than in the group with a smaller intake of it (4.7 micrograms/dl) (p less than 0.01), but serum retinol was not different by the amount of vitamin A intake of animal food origin. To estimate the respective effects and interactions of the above factors on serum beta-carotene and retinol levels by adjusting for the confounding effects of age, serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride, analysis of covariance was performed. For serum beta-carotene, smoking habit (p less than 0.01), drinking habit (p less than 0.01) and the amount of vitamin A intake of vegetable food origin (p less than 0.05) had significant main effects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Health habits of school-age children.

While health habits such as eating breakfast, maintaining desirable weight, sleeping regularly, and wearing seat belts are related to the longevity of adults, very little is known about the health habits of disadvantaged school-age children. Using data from the 1987 National Medical Expenditure Survey (NMES), this paper examines selected health habits of children between the ages of five and 17 (n = 6,722) by sociodemographic characteristics. Descriptive analyses indicate that while the majority of these school children had good health habits, many did not. Over 17 million school-age children did not regularly wear a seat belt. More than eight million of these children did not regularly eat breakfast, while close to three million were overweight. Multivariate analyses revealed that after controlling for gender, age, race, income, residence, and the education level of the highest wage earner in the family, only income and education were significantly related to the number of good health habits.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Success habits of long-term gastric bypass patients.

BACKGROUND: By identifying common habits of the most successful long-term gastric bypass patients, one is able to establish more specific guidelines for new patients to follow. The first postoperative year is a critical time that must be dedicated to changing old behavior and forming new, lifelong habits. METHODS: 100 gastric bypass patients from 1979 to 1995 participated in a comprehensive survey. Surveys were completed in person, by phone, or in writing. Participants were asked to answer questions regarding their eating, drinking, sleeping, exercise, and personal habits. RESULTS: The survey revealed that specific habits are common in gastric bypass patients who have maintained their weight loss for many years. CONCLUSION: Identifying and defining the common habits of patients who are successful with long-term weight loss enabled specific guidelines to be established for new patients to implement during the initial weight loss phase, which will contribute to life-long success.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2005

Abnormal oral habits in the children of war veterans.

Any kind of stress has a negative effect on the mood of people and stress resulting from war is no exception. Stress from war has not only has effects on war veterans but also on the families. Children of these families have been more susceptible to abnormal oral habits. In this observational, analytical and historical research, attempts have been made to determine the prevalence of abnormal oral habits in the children of war veterans (martyrs, freed prisoners of war and war cripples) and compare them with a control group. In this study of 520 children aged between 7 and 11 years were (238 in the study group and 282 in the control group), information was gathered via a questionnaire completed by the mothers of the students. Analysis of the received information showed that the prevalence of para functional and abnormal oral habits was more in the study group (P = 0.005). The prevalence rate was highest in children, whose family members had been both crippled and freed prisoners of war, while the rate was lowest in children whose parents had been only prisoners of war without any lasting physical injury. Most of these children had acquired these habits at the age of seven and these abnormal habits were most prevalent in children aged eight and nine.

Child↗
PubMed2005

Smoking and drinking habits five years after baseline in the JACC study.

BACKGROUND: Observing longitudinal changes in smoking and drinking habits is important for evaluating the risk of incidence and death from cancer or other diseases in a cohort study. METHODS: Smoking and drinking habits at baseline and about five years later among 18,312 males and 28,338 females were obtained from the baseline and interim surveys in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk (JACC Study) sponsored by Monbusho (Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan). Changes in smoking and drinking habits between the two surveys were observed. Odds ratios for quitting these habits at interim survey were estimated. RESULTS: Percentages of current smokers at baseline and interim surveys were 51.0% and 45.5% in males, and 5.2% and 4.8% in females, respectively. Percentages of current drinkers at baseline and interim surveys were 78.0% and 73.2% in males, and 29.5% and 23.5% in females, respectively. The number of cigarettes per day among male current smokers and the usual amount of alcohol consumed on each occasion among current drinkers decreased between the two surveys. Odds ratios for smoking cessation increased with age at baseline and decreased with the number of cigarettes per day at baseline. Odds ratios for drinking cessation increased with age at baseline and decreased with the usual amount of alcohol consumed on each occasion at baseline. CONCLUSION: The decrease in smoking and drinking habits was observed during the five-year follow-up period. Higher age and lower levels of exposure were associated with quitting smoking or drinking.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Relationships between smoking habits and other behavior factors among males: from the results of the 1990 National Cardiovascular Survey in Japan.

Relationships between smoking habits and other behavior factors such as habitual exercise, physical activities, and alcohol drinking habits were observed among Japanese males. Data used were obtained in The 1990 National Cardiovascular Survey in Japan, which consisted of 3826 males aged 30+ years selected from the Japanese population randomly. The proportion of current smokers was 53.5% in overall, and it decreased according to aging; these results were similar to Japanese former data. Those exercising habitually were more likely to be former smokers, whereas no relationship was observed between smoking habits and physical activities. Smoking and alcohol drinking habits were closely related; habitual drinkers were 3.34 times as likely to be current smokers as non-drinkers. Dose-response relationship was observed as well. Thus, the relationship between smoking and alcohol drinking habits was shown quantitatively.

Adult↗