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PubMed2006

Clustering methods for analyzing large data sets: gonad development, a study case.

With the development of data set repositories, it is now possible to collate high numbers of related results by gathering data from experiments carried out in different laboratories and addressing similar questions or using a single type of biological material under different conditions. To address the challenge posed by the heterogeneous nature of multiple data sources, this chapter presents several methods used routinely for assessing the quality of data (i.e., reproducibility of replicates and similarity between experimental points obtained under identical or similar biological conditions). As gene clustering on large data sets is not straightforward, this chapter also presents a rapid gene clustering method that involves translating variation profiles from an ordered set of comparisons into chains of symbols. In addition, it shows that lists of genes assembled based on the presence of a common term in their functional description can be used to find the most informative comparisons and to construct from them exemplar chains of symbols that are useful for clustering similar genes. Finally, this symbolic approach is extended to the overall set of biological conditions under study and shows how the resultant collection of variation profiles can be used to construct transcriptional networks, which in turn can be used as powerful tools for gene clustering.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Sexually dimorphic expression of Gata-2 during mouse gonad development.

We report that Gata-2 is expressed in a sexually dimorphic fashion during mouse gonadogenesis. Gata-2 transcripts accumulate rapidly in the fetal ovary from 11.5 days post coitum (dpc) onwards, but are not detected in the fetal testis throughout the period studied (10.5-15.5 dpc). Ovarian expression of Gata-2 ceases by 15.5 dpc. Examination of ovaries from embryos homozygous for the extreme allele of c-kit(W(e)) (Nature, 335, 88; Cell, 55, 185) demonstrates that ovarian Gata-2 expression is dependent upon the presence of germ cells. Comparative in situ hybridisation using the germ cell marker Oct4 (EMBO J., 8, 2543) indicates that Gata-2 transcripts are restricted to the germ cell lineage at 13.5 dpc.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Gonad development: signals for sex.

The formation of testes or ovaries in the mammalian embryo is critical in determining sexual identity and the ability to reproduce. Recent studies have begun to illuminate the cellular signalling events required for development of functional testes.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Sox9 expression during gonadal development implies a conserved role for the gene in testis differentiation in mammals and birds.

Heterozygous mutations in SOX9 lead to a human dwarfism syndrome, Campomelic dysplasia. Consistent with a role in sex determination, we find that Sox9 expression closely follows differentiation of Sertoli cells in the mouse testis, in experimental sex reversal when fetal ovaries are grafted to adult kidneys and in the chick where there is no evidence for a Sry gene. Our results imply that Sox9 plays an essential role in sex determination, possibly immediately downstream of Sry in mammals, and that it functions as a critical Sertoli cell differentiation factor, perhaps in all vertebrates.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Changes in serum immunoreactive inhibin and follicle-stimulating hormone during gonadal development in male and female rats.

We have measured serum and ovarian immunoreactive inhibin alpha (irI alpha) and serum FSH in fetal and neonatal rats from 20 days of gestation until 40 days of age. For animals aged 10 days or older, serum measurements were made on intact and gonadectomized animals. Serum irI alpha was detectable in intact male and female rats at all ages studied. In females, irI alpha levels were low until Day 5 and then increased steadily to peak at Day 25. Thereafter they declined until Day 35 to reach levels typical of adult females. There was a significant decrease in irI alpha levels 24 h after ovariectomy at all ages. Serum FSH levels in females were low until Day 7, then increased rapidly to plateau from Days 10-15. The levels then declined until Day 25 and were generally unchanged after that time. There was a significant increase in FSH 24 h after ovariectomy in rats aged 20 days and older, and in younger rats by 48 h after ovariectomy. In male rats, serum irI alpha levels were significantly higher than females until Day 7. The levels increased at Day 7 and then remained relatively constant until Day 20, after which they declined to reach typical adult male levels. Serum irI alpha levels were significantly lower in males than females from Days 25-40. There was a significant decrease in serum irI alpha 24 h after castration at all ages studied. Serum FSH levels in males were low until Day 20, increased at Day 25, and thereafter remained relatively unchanged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Gonadal development and gametogenesis in the hypogonadal mouse are restored by gene transfer.

These results describe controlled regulation of a mammalian neural gene in transgenic mice. Analysis of truncated GnRH-GAP genes in transgenic mice will enable us to define the DNA sequences responsible for this control. Furthermore, by separate mutation of the GnRH and GAP coding sequences we will be able to determine the relative importance of these two peptides in the development and maintenance of reproductive function.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Gonadal development and birth weight in X*X and X*Y females of the wood lemming, Myopus schisticolor.

A quantitative histological analysis of ovaries from 8- to 10-day-old wood lemmings revealed significant differences between females with X*Y and X*X sex chromosome constitutions. The ovarian volume of X*Y females was on average 57% of X*X, and the number of oocytes was less than half in X*Y compared to X*X. However, the frequency of growing oocytes in relation to the total number was 6.5% for X*Y compared to 3.0% for X*X. Oogenesis in X*Y wood lemmings resembles in many respects that of mice heterozygous for certain translocations and with tertiary trisomy (Ts31H), and those with X0 monosomy. The fertility in X*Y wood lemmings is not reduced. On the contrary, X*Y females have a higher reproductive fitness than X*X and XX. This is discussed in relation to the present findings. The body weight at birth was 8% higher in X*Y than in X*X.

Aneuploidy↗