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PubMed2026

Evaluation of Physical and Mental Workload and Transfusion Time in Trauma Resuscitation.

BACKGROUND: Trauma resuscitation is time sensitive and complex. Whole blood (WB) and blood components are standard treatments for trauma related hemorrhage, yet their nursing workload and transfusion time have not been well evaluated. PURPOSE: To assess feasibility of a simulation-based crossover trial and obtain preliminary estimates comparing nursing workload and transfusion completion time between WB and blood component administration. METHODS: A randomized crossover pilot study using in situ simulation was conducted with experienced trauma nurses. Time-motion analysis measured transfusion completion time, and the National Aeronautical and Space Administration Task Load Index assessed workload domains. RESULTS: Strong feasibility was demonstrated across recruitment, retention, adherence, and completion. WB was associated with significantly shorter transfusion time, lower overall workload and mental demand, less effort, and better perceived performance. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the feasibility and justify a fully powered trial. WB may improve resuscitation efficiency and reduce cognitive burden, with potential implications for patient outcomes and nursing workflow.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Global Seroprevalence of Q Fever Antibodies to Coxiella burnetii in Children and Adolescents : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To comprehensively determine global estimates of Q fever seroprevalence in children and adolescents by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: Searches of published articles in MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus databases were conducted from inception until February 2025. STUDY SELECTION: Cross-sectional studies reporting seroprevalence of Q fever/ Coxiella burnetii antibodies, using any established laboratory test, in any population of healthy children and adolescents <20 years old were included. The quality of eligible articles was assessed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. DATA EXTRACTION: Data from eligible articles were extracted using a standardized form, which included year of publication, year(s) the study was conducted, numbers of antibody-positive cases/specific population, age, country, geographic region, serology test used and antibody titer cutoff value. DATA SYNTHESIS: DerSimonian and Laird random effects models were used to calculate pooled seroprevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals in data from 41 eligible articles reporting 42 studies comprising 9841 children and adolescents. Q fever seroprevalence was observed in multiple countries across 7 geographic regions, and varied markedly between countries and regions, with the highest estimate observed by an individual country in Ethiopia (45%) and by region in the Middle East (14%). Seroprevalence estimates were higher in older children and adolescents ≥10 years (15%) compared with younger children <10 years of age (8%). CONCLUSION: Despite varying geographical prevalence, our findings demonstrate that widespread exposure to Q fever antigens occurs across multiple global regions in children and adolescents to potentially serious C. burnetii infection, indicating that diagnostic surveillance and preventive measures should be considered in both endemic and previously unreported areas.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Acetic acid-induced translational repression involves eIF2B body formation and Ded1 sequestration into stress granules in yeast.

Elucidating the physiological impact of acetic acid stress and the corresponding yeast responses is essential for advancing fundamental biology and improving industrial alcoholic fermentation. Despite numerous genome-wide studies, information on the effects of acetic acid stress on yeast translational regulation remains limited. We found that a sublethal concentration of acetic acid (35 mM, 0.2% v/v) causes translational repression, accompanied by the formation of eIF2B bodies and the phosphorylation of eIF2α, both of which are involved in the regulation of translation initiation. Acetic acid also caused the sequestration of Ded1, a DEAD-box RNA helicase crucial for translation initiation, into stress granules. Removal of acetic acid restored translational activity and the proper localization of eIF2B and Ded1, indicating the reversibility of acetic acid-induced translational repression. Furthermore, when yeast cells were pretreated with 0.05% acetic acid, translational repression under subsequent 0.2% acetic acid stress was attenuated in wild-type cells but not in hrk1Δ cells. This indicates that Hrk1, a Pma1 activator, is required to sufficiently enhance tolerance to acetic acid-induced translational repression. These findings provide novel insights into the physiological effects of acetic acid stress on translational activity and translation-related factors in yeast cells.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae↗

PubMed2026

Axial Length Adjustment and AL/R Ratio Optimization of IOL Power Calculation in Extremely Long Eyes.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of modern intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas and axial length (AL) adjustment methods in eyes with AL ≥ 30.0 mm. DESIGN: Retrospective consecutive cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS AND CONTROLS: A total of 308 eyes (308 patients) with AL ≥ 30.00 mm were included. METHODS: Accuracy of modern online formulas, alone or with established AL adjustments methods, was analyzed. Subgroup analyses were performed based on AL, keratometry (K), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), and AL-to-corneal radius (AL/R) ratio. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Predictive accuracy was evaluated using the formula performance index (FPI), root mean square absolute prediction error (RMSAE), standard deviation (SD) of prediction error (PE), and percentage of eyes within ±0.25 and ±0.50 diopters (D). RESULTS: Overall, Holladay 1 combined with the nonlinear polynomial Wang-Koch axial length adjustment (H1-PWK) demonstrated the best overall performance, achieving the lowest SD (0.40), RMSAE (0.40), and highest FPI (0.494). A tendency toward hyperopic error was observed in eyes with AL ≥ 32.0 mm, K ≥ 46.0 D. The AL/R ratio showed a significant positive correlation with PE in the Ladas Super formula, Barrett Universal II, EVO, PEARL-DGS, and Hoffer QST formulas. Spline-based regression analysis indicated that the transition point of AL/R from myopic to hyperopic PE varied across different formulas. CONCLUSIONS: H1-PWK provides robust refractive accuracy in extremely long eyes. The AL/R ratio may provide a useful composite biometric stratification parameter compared to AL alone.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Neurocorrelates of nocturnal enuresis in pre-adolescent children.

INTRODUCTION: Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is a common neurodevelopmental condition, yet its underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. This study leverages the large-scale Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) dataset to identify structural and functional brain correlates associated with active symptoms and the resolution of bedwetting. METHODS: Using cross-sectional data from 3472 participants aged 9-10 years, children were categorized into three groups: active nocturnal enuresis (ANE, n = 225), history of nocturnal enuresis (HNE, n = 1171), and healthy control groups (CG, n = 2076). Multimodal neuroimaging protocol evaluated macrostructural properties via structural MRI (sMRI), microstructural white matter integrity via diffusion MRI (dMRI), and functional connectivity via resting-state fMRI (fMRI). Group differences were evaluated using linear models within an ANCOVA framework, adjusting for intracranial volume and handedness with False Discovery Rate (FDR) correction. RESULTS: Compared to controls, the ANE group exhibited a significant volume deficit in the right caudate, decreased sulcal depth in the left insula, and lower internal correlation within the Cingulo-Opercular Network (CON). Conversely, the dry HNE group demonstrated significant structural adaptations, including bilaterally larger putamen volumes and increased right caudate volume compared to the ANE group. The HNE group also showed increased microstructural density (decreased mean diffusivity) in the bilateral hippocampus and an increased cortical surface area in the left insula. Both NE groups demonstrated persistently reduced functional coupling within the CON. CONCLUSIONS: Nocturnal enuresis appears to be associated with a potential complex central signaling deficits. Reduced internal correlation within the CON across both active and former bedwetters indicates a potential for impairment in processing internal homeostatic bladder signals during sleep.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Medication safety in older adults in India: an integrative PhD synthesis of direct evidence and contextual implementation evidence.

BACKGROUND: Unsafe medication practices among older adults are an important global health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where multimorbidity, fragmented care, self-medication, and informal healthcare provision intersect. OBJECTIVE(S): To synthesize direct evidence on medication safety among older adults in India and contextual evidence on deprescribing and community-level provider interventions relevant to safer medication use. METHODS: This PhD synthesis integrates four studies: a record-based cross-sectional study on polypharmacy and cardiovascular autonomic function in Kolkata; a six-city community study of 600 Indian older adults; a systematic review and meta-analysis on deprescribing preventive medications in frail or end-of-life older adults; and a systematic review of informal healthcare provider interventions in low- and middle-income countries. Studies I-II provided direct Indian older-adult evidence, while Studies III-IV provided indirect contextual evidence for their optimization and implementation. RESULTS: Polypharmacy was associated with higher anticholinergic burden and numerically higher cardiac autonomic neuropathy although residual confounding limits causal interpretation. In the multicity study, one-third had polypharmacy, while potentially inappropriate medications, prescribing omissions, and self-medication were common. Risks were higher with multimorbidity, recent hospitalization, care transitions, or living alone. Deprescribing showed no statistically significant increase in mortality, hospitalization, or major cardiovascular events, but heterogeneity was high and certainty low to very low. Informal-provider interventions showed the potential to improve knowledge, referral, case management, and medication-related practices. CONCLUSIONS: Medication safety among older adults in India requires an integrated continuum approach, but direct evidence supports only some components and implementation strategies that need prospective evaluation.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Storm and Stress 2.0? A Dual-Factor, Person-Centered Analysis of Adolescent Well-being Across Two Year 7 Cohorts and Gender.

PURPOSE: Concerns about the mental health and well-being of younger generations is a recurring theme across countries and time. Adolescence is debated as a period of volatility ("storm and stress") or growth. Recent trends have reignited worries about youth mental health and well-being, particularly for females, and revived a deficit-based view of adolescence. To advance understanding, this study adopts a dual-factor approach that incorporates both negative and positive well-being domains. Mental health trends were compared across two grade-matched Australian adolescent cohorts assessed 5 years apart. METHODS: Data were drawn from cross-sectional cohorts of year 7 students (12-13 years) in one Australian jurisdiction: 2,085 in 2018 and 2,378 in 2023. Positive affect, happiness, resilience, depression, and anxiety were assessed using latent profile analysis to identify mental health profiles, which were then compared between cohorts and gender. RESULTS: Four profiles were identified: complete mental health, symptomatic but positive, resilient but disaffected, and troubled. Approximately 80% of students were classified in profiles reflecting some positive mental health. Between 2018 and 2023, the proportion with complete mental health declined by 7.93%, while those categorized as troubled increased by 4.76%. Declines were most pronounced among female students. DISCUSSION: Findings highlight both resilience and vulnerability in adolescent mental health. While most students continue to show positive well-being, the decline among females signals an urgent need for gender-sensitive approaches. At the same time, the results add nuance to accounts of a youth mental health 'crisis' to some degree, by highlighting positive domains of well-being which are often overlooked.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Clustering patterns of behavioral and metabolic risk factors for noncommunicable diseases in Iran: findings from a national STEPS survey.

BACKGROUND: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of mortality in Iran, driven by behavioral and metabolic risk factors that frequently co-occur. OBJECTIVE: To identify patterns of co-occurring behavioral and metabolic NCD risk factors among Iranian adults and characterize their demographic and socioeconomic correlates. METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 16,618 adults aged ≥25 years who participated in Iran's 2021 nationally representative STEPS survey. Thirteen behavioral and metabolic variables, including physical activity, nutrition score, smoking frequency, alcohol intake, salt intake, body mass index, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and lipid markers, were entered into a K-means clustering analysis. Clusters were characterized by their risk profiles and demographic/socioeconomic attributes. Multinomial logistic regression examined associations between cluster membership and sociodemographic factors. RESULTS: Five distinct behavioral-metabolic clusters emerged. The smokers-drinkers (SD) cluster (3.1%) comprised mostly older, less-educated men with high smoking and alcohol use. The healthy-low-risk (HLR) cluster (40.3%) showed favorable profiles and included younger, more educated individuals. The physically active (PA) cluster (6.6%) was characterized mainly by younger men with markedly high physical activity levels. The dyslipidemic (DLP) cluster (26.0%) exhibited high dyslipidemia and overweight prevalence, while the hypertensive-diabetic (HTD) cluster (24.0%) had the highest obesity, hypertension, and diabetes rates, common among older urban adults. CONCLUSION: Behavioral and metabolic NCD risk factors in Iran formed five distinct co-occurrence patterns. Nearly half of adults belonged to metabolically high-risk clusters, highlighting the need for targeted prevention strategies that combine lifestyle interventions with screening and management of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Hippocampal teneurin-4 knockdown promotes depression-like behavioral phenotypes by disrupting oligodendrocyte differentiation in mice.

Depression is one of the most prevalent mental disorders worldwide. The limited clinical efficacy of current antidepressants highlights identifying new therapeutic targets. Emerging evidence suggests that dysfunction of oligodendrocyte lineage cells contributes to the pathophysiology of depression. Teneurin-4 (Tenm4), a transmembrane protein that promotes oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination, has been implicated in psychiatric disorders in genome-wide association studies; however, its causal role remains unclear. To determine whether Tenm4 contributes to depressive-like behavioral phenotypes, we examined Tenm4 protein expression in mice exposed to repeated forced swimming stress and generated hippocampal Tenm4 knockdown (Tenm4KD) mice. Chronic stress reduced Tenm4 expression levels in the hippocampus. Mice with hippocampus-specific Tenm4KD exhibited depressive-like behaviors, accompanied by reduced hippocampal myelin basic protein. Importantly, administration of clemastine, a myelin formation promoter, inhibited the reduction of myelin and attenuated depression-like behavioral phenotypes. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that Tenm4KD significantly decreased the number of mature oligodendrocyte cells and increased in the number of oligodendrocyte precursor cells, without changes in the total number of oligodendrocyte lineage cells. This study provides the first evidence that hippocampal Tenm4 deficiency induces depression-like behavior phenotypes through impaired oligodendrocyte differentiation and promoting demyelination. Our results identify Tenm4 as a molecular regulator of stress-induced behavioral phenotypes and suggest that it might represent a potential therapeutic target for mood disorders associated with demyelination.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Ruling out pediatric bacterial epididymo-orchitis with urinalysis - The case for minimizing unnecessary antibiotic prescription.

INTRODUCTION: Epididymo-orchitis in pediatric patients is predominantly non-bacterial, often stemming from viral or reactive etiologies. Despite guidelines recommending conservative management for non-bacterial cases, antibiotic overtreatment remains prevalent in the outpatient setting. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of urinalysis in ruling out bacterial infection to support antibiotic stewardship in this population. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study using electronic health records from a large health maintenance organization in Israel. The cohort included patients younger than 18 years with a diagnosis of epididymo-orchitis or clinically overlapping entities (acute scrotum, appendage torsion) who had paired urinalysis and urine culture results within one week of diagnosis. Logistic regression and ROC curve analysis were performed to assess the ability of urinalysis parameters to predict positive urine cultures. RESULTS: Of 682 eligible cases, confirmed bacterial infection was rare, occurring in only 17 patients (2.5%). Nitrite positivity was the strongest independent predictor of infection (OR 43.98; p < 0.001). A prediction model incorporating all urinalysis parameters yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.825 and achieved a 97.7% classification accuracy for correctly predicting negative cultures. Despite the low prevalence of infection, antibiotics were prescribed in 237 cases (34.7%). Urinary anatomic abnormalities were significantly associated with culture positivity. CONCLUSIONS: Bacterial coinfection in pediatric epididymo-orchitis is uncommon. Urinalysis serves as a highly accurate screening tool to rule out bacterial etiology. A negative urinalysis supports withholding antibiotics in this setting, reserving treatment for children with positive markers or known anatomic abnormalities. This evidence-based approach This evidence-based approach has the potential to reduce unnecessary antibiotic exposure, however prospective studies are needed to validate these findings before broad implementation.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Neighborhood Hostility is Associated With the Relationship Between Park Proximity and Physical Activity Among Youth: National Evidence From Chile.

PURPOSE: Physical inactivity among youth is highly prevalent worldwide. Although proximity to parks and recreational facilities is generally associated with higher physical activity (PA), unsafe or hostile neighborhood environments may limit their use. This study examined whether neighborhood hostility moderates the association between access to recreational facilities and adherence to World Health Organization PA guidelines among Chilean youth. METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the 2024 National Physical Activity and Sport Survey of Chile, including 3,477 urban participants stratified into childhood (5-10 years), early adolescence (11-13 years), and late adolescence (14-17 years). Built environment exposures included perceived access to recreational facilities, a cumulative neighborhood hostility score (0-5). Logistic regression models were stratified by age group and adjusted for covariates. Interaction terms assessed moderation by neighborhood hostility, and causal mediation analyses were performed. RESULTS: Adherence to World Health Organization guidelines was low (41.9% in childhood, 43.8% in early adolescence, and 43.9% in late adolescence). Greater distance to recreational facilities was associated with lower odds of meeting activity guidelines. Higher neighborhood hostility was independently associated with lower PA levels. Among adolescents, neighborhood hostility substantially attenuated the association between proximity and activity. Mediation analyses indicated partial mediation, with effective park utilization emerging as the strongest mechanism, accounting for 21.8% of the association (p < .001), followed by psychological motivation (11.9%). DISCUSSION: Proximity to recreational infrastructure alone is insufficient to promote PA in hostile neighborhoods. Policy approaches should integrate infrastructure provision with strategies addressing neighborhood safety and promoting active engagement.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Clinical and Psychosocial Characteristics of Adult Primary Care IBS Patients: A Post hoc Analysis of the DOMINO Study.

BACKGROUND: The majority of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients are diagnosed and managed in primary care, but this setting is underinvestigated to date. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to improve our understanding of IBS in primary care by evaluating the clinical and psychosocial characteristics of affected patients. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional post hoc analysis of the DOMINO study, which enrolled 483 adult IBS patients newly diagnosed by primary care physicians. We investigated baseline demographics and questionnaires assessing Rome IV criteria and stool pattern subtype, symptom severity (IBS-SSS), quality of life (IBS-QoL), somatic symptom disorder (PHQ-12), depression (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-7). RESULTS: 70% of the primary care diagnosed IBS patients fulfilled the Rome IV criteria (Rome+). The stool pattern subtype distribution according to the Rome IV diagnostic questionnaire was: 20% constipation (IBS-C), 33% diarrhea (IBS-D), 31% mixed (IBS-M) and 16% unclassified (IBS-U). Mean IBS-SSS was 268 ± 98, with 46% and 36% of cases reporting moderate and severe IBS-SSS, respectively. Rome + patients had, compared to Rome-, a significantly higher IBS-SSS, lower quality of life and higher psychosocial comorbidity. IBS-M, IBS-D and IBS-C participants scored significantly higher on IBS-SSS and IBS-QoL than IBS-U. Furthermore, IBS-M had significantly higher somatic symptom disorder and depression and anxiety levels compared with IBS-U. CONCLUSION: The majority of primary care IBS patients fulfilled the Rome IV criteria, were subtyped as IBS-D or IBS-M and were characterised by moderate or severe IBS-SSS. Rome+ and IBS-M participants had higher symptom severity, lower quality of life and higher psychosocial comorbidity. CLINICALTRIALS: gov, Number NCT04270487.

Adult↗

PubMed2026

Identification Matters: How Data Sharing Affects Pupil Honesty and Engagement in Universal School Well-Being Assessments.

PURPOSE: Universal well-being assessments in schools may support early identification of pupils needing mental health support. However, little is known about how privacy and confidentiality concerns influence pupils' acceptability of assessments and willingness to engage authentically. This study examined how hypothetical identification, where responses are linked to pupils and shared with key stakeholders, affects pupils' anticipated honesty and engagement, and whether known help-seeking barriers predict negative responses. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were collected from 12,377 primary (ages 8-10) and secondary pupils (ages 11-17) across 55 schools in England. Pupils reported whether their responses would change if identifiable and shared with school staff, parents/guardians, or external professionals. Responses indicating reduced honesty or likelihood of disengagement were coded as negative. Predictors were examined using mixed-effects logistic regression models, including demographics, school connectedness, and mental well-being. RESULTS: Identification and data sharing influenced pupils' anticipated engagement, particularly in secondary schools. Identification by school staff elicited the highest proportion of negative responses in both phases, whereas external professionals elicited the fewest. Most primary pupils reported they would respond authentically, while a larger proportion of secondary pupils indicated they would respond less honestly or disengage when responses were identifiable and shared. Across primary and secondary samples, low well-being, low school connectedness, and being female were associated with greater likelihood of negative response. DISCUSSION: Pupils' anticipated engagement with well-being assessments is shaped by who accesses their data, with marked developmental differences. Strengthening trust, privacy, and connectedness, and supporting pupils' autonomy, may improve the acceptability and response accuracy.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Effects of intradialytic nutrition on dialysis adequacy and fatigue in hemodialysis patients: a randomized crossover study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess intradialytic nutrition's effects on dialysis adequacy and fatigue in maintenance hemodialysis patients. METHODS: A randomized, two-period, two-sequence, self-controlled crossover trial was conducted in two outpatient hemodialysis centers in Türkiye. Thirty-six patients were randomized; 32 completed both periods. The participants received standardized intradialytic nutrition in one period and no food intake during the control period. Dialysis adequacy was evaluated using the urea reduction ratio and single-pool Kt/V. Intradialytic blood pressure was recorded during dialysis sessions, and fatigue severity was measured using the Piper Fatigue Scale at the end of each period. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in dialysis adequacy or fatigue scores between the two periods. Intradialytic nutrition was associated with greater reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, particularly during the second hour of dialysis. No clinically relevant adverse events occurred. CONCLUSION: Intradialytic nutrition did not compromise dialysis adequacy or worsen fatigue severity but was associated with increased intradialytic blood pressure reductions. Individualized clinical decisions and careful hemodynamic monitoring are warranted when implementing intradialytic nutritional interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT07687498.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Ciliochoroidal Effusion and Regional Scleral Thickening in Peripapillary Pachychoroid Syndrome.

PURPOSE: To assess anterior scleral thickness and the presence of ciliochoroidal effusion (CE) in eyes with peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome (PPS), and to compare the results with a cohort of healthy age-matched controls. DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study METHODS: A total of 20 eyes from 12 patients diagnosed with PPS and 30 eyes from 15 healthy control subjects. All participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography with enhanced depth imaging (EDI-OCT) and anterior segment OCT (AS-OCT). Choroidal thickness was measured at predefined macular and peripapillary locations, while anterior scleral thickness was assessed 6 mm posterior to the scleral spur in 4 quadrants. Ciliochoroidal effusion was evaluated qualitatively using AS-OCT. Comparisons between groups were performed using linear mixed models with Bonferroni correction (scleral thickness corrected P < .010) RESULTS: The mean age of PPS patients was 75.6 ± 9.8 years, and 16% were females. Anterior scleral thickness was significantly greater in the temporal quadrant in PPS eyes compared to controls (396.85 ± 74.97 µm vs 331.13 ± 62.65 µm: P = .007). Ciliochoroidal effusion was detected in 60% of PPS eyes, predominantly in the superior and temporal sectors, whereas no effusion was observed in healthy controls (P < .001). Eyes with CE exhibited a thicker mean scleral thickness and a thicker subfoveal choroidal thickness compared to eyes without effusion (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Eyes with PPS demonstrated increased temporal scleral thickness and a high prevalence of CE. These findings suggest that scleral characteristics may represent a predisposing anatomical factor in PPS, although the precise pathophysiological mechanisms remain to be elucidated.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Non-smoked cannabis consumption formats and Cannabis Use Disorder severity in an illicit setting: Evidence from Chile, 2020-2024.

BACKGROUND: Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) has become an increasing public health burden, particularly in Chile. Non-smoked cannabis formats and products have been independently associated with CUD but remain understudied in the region. This study compares CUD severity among individuals aged 12 to 65 in Chile who consume cannabis via edibles, vaporization or both versus those who exclusively smoke it. METHODS: We obtained secondary data from three waves of the Chilean National Survey on Drugs in the General Population (ENPG), a three-stage stratified probabilistic sampling design study conducted in 2020, 2022, and 2024. Our pooled cross-sectional sample included individuals (n = 3543) who reported cannabis use in vaped, edible, both vaped and edible or exclusively smoked format in the past 12 months. We used a partial proportional odds model to estimate the association between CUD severity and consumption formats. RESULTS: Cannabis vaping group showed higher odds of presenting at least mild CUD (OR = 6.21 [95% CI: 3.75-10.3]), as did the edible group (OR = 1.73 [95% CI: 1.08-2.78]) and both group (OR = 5.92 [95% CI: 2.72-12.87]), compared to exclusive smokers. However, only the vaped group demonstrated higher odds for all severity levels. CONCLUSION: Compared with exclusive smokers, users of vaporizers and/or edibles showed a stronger association with CUD. This association may be explained by consumption patterns and total THC exposure. Further research is needed to characterize the average THC exposure by consumption format, acknowledging contextual confounders such as the legal framework.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Loneliness and Personality: Noise- and Bias-Free True Correlations Between Loneliness and the Big Five Personality Domains.

OBJECTIVE: While loneliness is intertwined with many mental and physical health problems, its origins are not yet well understood. We sought to better understand its link to personality in a large national cohort. METHODS: Combining self- and informant ratings in multiple samples, we conducted the largest study to date to examine loneliness' true correlations (rtrues) with the Big Five personality traits, free of single-method biases and transient and random errors. RESULTS: Across three samples (Estonian-speaking, N = 20,893; Russian-speaking, N = 762; English-speaking, N = 599), we found a strong relationship between loneliness and Neuroticism (rtrue = 0.60-0.70). Loneliness also had robust but much weaker associations with Extraversion (rtrue = -0.20 to -0.30), and only weak associations (rtrue = 0.10 to -0.20) with Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness. Collectively, the Big Five accounted for over 50% of loneliness variance. In a subsample, the associations were only slightly smaller longitudinally over approximately 10 years. CONCLUSION: Overall, feeling lonely is more closely related to Neuroticism than previously understood, and the association endures over time.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Long-Term Survey to Assess Recurrence and Complications of Surgically Treated Pleomorphic Adenoma.

OBJECTIVE(S): To (1) report on the long-term recurrence rate of surgically managed pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and (2) assess long-term surgical outcomes after parotidectomyMethods:Cross-sectional survey of all patients with a pathologic diagnosis of PA who underwent surgical management in a tertiary care center from 01/1997 to 12/2023 and had access to an electronic patient portal. Surveys were delivered via electronic patient portal or phone call with 6 questions to assess recurrence and long-term surgical outcomes. Time to first recurrence and recurrence free survival were analyzed using a Kaplan-Meier curve. RESULTS: Seven hundred-forty-five patients met inclusion criteria and received the survey, with a 56% response rate (n = 420). The clinical median follow-up length was 51 days, which extended to a median length of 6.2 years following the survey. The median change in follow-up length was 5.37 years (P < .001). The recurrence rate was 1% at 5 years, with a median time to first recurrence of 7.54 years. 13% and 9% of responders reported facial asymmetry and incisional cosmetic concerns, respectively. 33% of patients reported experiencing Frey syndrome, which increased from 5.2% of survey responders with documented Frey syndrome at their original post-operative assessment. CONCLUSION: Long-term assessment of PA outcomes confirms low recurrence rates, suggesting regular surveillance of recurrence is likely unnecessary. Complaints of Frey syndrome increased in frequency with longer term follow-up, which should be considered during patient counseling. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

Humans↗