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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Effect of bulk feeds (alfalfa hay, corn silage) on the metabolism and liver parameters of growing geese.

Rearing experiments were conducted with a total of 90 liver hybrid geese from Babat, divided into three groups of 30 birds each. The effect exerted by all-concentrate feeding (group 1), concentrate feeding supplemented with alfalfa hay (group 2) or with corn silage (group 3) ad libitum on the blood glucose level, blood plasma total lipid, total cholesterol and free fatty acid level, and on total lipid content of the liver was studied. In addition, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity of the blood plasma and carotene, vitamin A and vitamin E concentration of the blood plasma and the liver were determined. It was found that the blood and liver parameters of goose groups fed different diets changed within the physiological limits typical of the species. Excessive fibre intake resulted in reduced lipid transport within the organism at an unchanged plasma cholesterol level; at the same time, blood glucose level remained unchanged. Ad libitum feeding of alfalfa hay and corn silage enhanced carotene and vitamin A transport and carotene storage but did not affect the transport of vitamin E. The results confirm earlier data of the literature that beta-carotene and vitamin A together impair vitamin E metabolism.

Animal Feed↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ontogenic characteristics of changes in fatty acid composition of the liver lipids as a main substrate for peroxidation in geese].

Dynamics of fatty acid composition of geese liver lipids in embryogenesis and early postnatal period has been investigated. High nonsaturation of these tissues lipids is shown during all the period of researches. It is established, that in the second half of embryogenesis and in the beginning of postnatal period (first two weeks) the increase of oleic acid contents is observed with simultaneous decrease of the contents of the polynonsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) showing properties of endogenous bioregulators (arachidonic acid (AA), docosahexaenoic acid [figure: see text] (DHA). From the two-weeks age of gosling the contents of the mentioned acids changes in the opposite direction. The coordination of dynamics of TBA-active products with nonsaturation of fatty acids (FA) expressed in mEqu/g concerning double bonds, and also with respect to AA/DHA has been revealed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ontogenic characteristics of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system enzymes in the brain of geese].

Peculiarities of antioxidant homeostasis of geese brain tissue during embryogenesis and early postnatal period have been studied. It has been shown that the cerebrum and hindbrain tissues are characterized by a higher level of lipid peroxidation compared to liver. Main antioxidative enzymes' activity (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) in the brain already reaches its maximum in the middle period of embryogenesis. We have found that brain tissues are characterized by a lower activity of intracellular enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase) but increased glutathione peroxidase activity as compared to liver. The rate of Fe2+ initialized lipid peroxidation and coefficient of antioxidative activity were used as a criterion for evaluation of antioxidative system's status. According to the dynamics of these factors the highest tension of antioxidative system in the brain appears in the period of the contour (28 days) and juvenile (49 days) feather formation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characteristics of fresh gander semen and its susceptibility to cryopreservation in six generations derived from geese inseminated with frozen-thawed semen.

The paper summarises seven years experiments designed to determine the effect of continuous insemination with frozen-thawed semen on fresh semen quality and sperm susceptibility to freezing stress in succeeding generations. During course of experiments, semen was collected from 10-12 White Koluda ganders at the age of 8-9 months, then subjected to freezing and used after thawing for insemination of 10 geese in order to obtain the subsequent generation of males. Semen was diluted 1 to 0.5 (v/v) with EK diluent, equilibrated for 15 min at +4 degrees C, mixed with 6 percent (v/v) of dimethyl-formamide (DMF), frozen to temp. -140 degrees C at a rate 60 degree C per min and then transferred into liquid nitrogen container. Semen samples were thawed prior to insemination in a 60 degree C water-bath. It is difficult to conclude whether freezing stress affected the fresh semen quality, since average volume of SQF (index comprising ejaculate volume, sperm concentration and percentage of live normal cells) varied between generations from 19.3 to 56.2. Continuous goose reproduction by insemination with frozen-thawed semen resulted in significant increase (P less than 0.01) in spermatozoa resistance to cryoinjury in every subsequent generation. In the relation to adequate fresh semen the percentage of live morphologically intact spermatozoa which withstood freezing procedure increased from 27.2 in first generation to 74.4 in sixth generation.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Isolation and properties of muscular glucose dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.1.1.47) from the stomachs of geese and ducks.

A method which purified 30-fold perparations of muscular glucose dehydrogenase from the stomachs of geese and ducks was elaborated. Activity of this enzyme was found to be dependent on presence of free-SH groups, NAD or NADP as coenzymes, and had an optimum at about pH 7-8. The enzyme's activity against 17 different monosaccharides and their derivatives was tested. The best substrate was beta-D-glucose, followed by D-glucose, D-glucosamine and D-xylose. Other compounds such as D-glucose-6-phosphate, D-fructose, D-mannose and 2-deoxyglucose were not oxidized. The enzyme preparation showed presence of enzymes which conduct gluconic acid metabolism.

4-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate↗
PubMed1977

Introductory studies on metabolism of free glucose in aqueous extracts from smooth muscles of the stomach of geese and ducks.

Aqueous extracts from smooth muscles of the stomachs of geese and ducks contain enzyme systems which not only oxidize free D-glucose, but also determine its further metabolism. The successive metabolites are probably 1,5-D-gluconolactone and 2-ketogluconic acid, and the final product is either pyruvic acid of alpha-ketoglutaric acid. Better understanding of this metabolism will require further studies.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1985

Purification and properties of myosin from the "hatching muscle" (m. complexus) of geese.

The present work is concerned with the study of myosin fractions prepared from the hatching muscle (m. complexus) and a control muscle (m. pectoralis) of the developing goose embryo. The m. complexus attained its maximum mass at hatching and in the 4-day-old bird the mass of this muscle was only one fourth of that recorded at hatching. The m. complexus was hypertrophied already on the 21st day. At days 21, 27 and 28 of incubation and at posthatching days myosin preparations were made from both muscles. Partial purification of myosins from both sources yielded a high molecular weight fraction characteristic of the adult bird and one other protein fraction with molecular mass half of myosin. Both preparations exhibited the characteristic properties of myosin. The lower molecular weight fraction was also shown to develop filamentous aggregates as did the higher molecular-weight, gel filtrated myosin. The phosphate content of the half molecular mass myosin fraction prepared from the embryonic m. complexus at days prior to hatching was considerably higher than that of the high molecular weight fraction and the predominant component was P-Arg. Since the embryonic myosin was still not available in the m. complexus of the 4-day-old birds and the hypertrophied muscle underwent regression after hatching it appears that this myosin fraction is actively involved in breaking through the shell during the hatching period in geese.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1989

Biochemical and serological study of two mycoplasma strains isolated from geese.

2 mycoplasma strains were isolated, one from the phallic lymph of a gander and the other from a cloacal swab of a laying goose. The strains proved to be different from mycoplasma species isolated from geese before. Strain No. 1223 is a glucose-negative and arginine-negative species belonging to the genus Mycoplasma. In the growth inhibition test, it fails to react with hyperimmune sera raised in rabbits against the presently known mycoplasma species of avian origin nor with sera produced against mammalian mycoplasma species sharing its biochemical properties. Strain No. 1225 belongs to the digitonin resistant Acholeplasmataceae family. It is glucose-positive and aesculin-positive. It is negative by all the other tests and fails to react with sera produced against the presently known acholeplasma species.

Acholeplasmataceae↗
PubMed1986

[Fatty acid content of the lipid fraction of the liver and fatty tissues of fattened geese].

The content of fatty acids in the lipid fraction of the liver and in the body fats of fattened gray Landen geese. Determinations were carried out with a gas chromatography Chrom 41 supplied with Determinations were carried out with a gas chromatograph Chrom 41 supplied with a flame-ionization detector. It was found that the average content of fatty acids (saturated and unsaturated) as expressed by percent of their total amount was 45.90% and 54.10% (liver), 36.58% and 63.42% (subcutaneous fatty tissue), 42.79% and 57.31% (inner lard), and 39.01% and 60.99% (skin fats).

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1985

[Microbiological research on the meat and liver from fattened geese].

Microbiologic studies were carried out on the meat and liver of fattened geese that were slaughtered with no sanitary restrictions. Established were the total counts of aerobically growing mesophiles as well as those of coliform, enterococcus, staphylococcus, and micrococcus organisms. The species composition of the isolated bacteria was also determined. It was shown that the investigated samples of the liver and of the pectoral and femoral muscles were free from Salmonella bacteria and pathogenic staphylococci, sulfite-reducing clostridia and Bacterium proteus.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The interaction of inositol pentaphosphate with the hemoglobins of highland and lowland geese.

We have studied the binding of inositol pentaphosphate (IPP) to the hemoglobins from two species of goose living at low and high altitudes, using the proton absorption method. Measurements were done at 25 and 37 degrees C in a pH range between 6.0 and 8.8. The bird hemoglobins show a high affinity and a binding stoichiometry of 1 IPP molecule/hemoglobin tetramer both in the ligated and unligated state, indicating the same binding site for IPP in oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin. The results indicate that the interaction of IPP with both geese hemoglobins is very similar. For the deoxyhemoglobins of both species the IPP-binding constant shows a strong pH dependence extending over a wide pH range (i.e. +/- 2 x 10(6) M at pH 8.8 and +/- 6 x 10(10) M at pH 6.0). The binding constant of IPP for the oxyhemoglobins shows a much weaker pH dependence (i.e. +/- 4 x 10(4) M at pH 8.8 and +/- 3 x 10(6) M at pH 6.0), indicating that the interaction of IPP with the goose hemoglobin is strongly dependent on the state of ligation of the protein. The IPP binding constants for the oxy- and deoxyhemoglobins are found to be in good agreement with the IPP-induced change in oxygen affinity of both hemoglobins as estimated from oxygen binding curves.

Altitude↗
PubMed1979

[Enzymatic activity study of the organs and blood serum of geese].

Studies on organ homogenates of 22 one-year-old healthy geese indicated ubiquiternal distribution of GOT and GPT transaminases, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline and acid phosphatase, aldolase and kreatine phosphokinase, without the presence of any pronounced organ specificity of some of the named enzymes. It is presumed that the investigation on these enzymes in goose blood serum can be of use only for determining the degree and the course of a given disease, but not for organ-localization of the disease's process.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1977

[Ontogeny and function of rank order in a sibling group of greylag geese (Anser anser L.)].

Between the siblings of a family of greylag geese (Anser anser L.) a rank order is established by fighting during the first days after hatching, and also by other, more complex interactions. The position of each goose in the rank order can be defined by three groups of behaviour patterns (aggressive behaviour, "greetings", escape responses). A clear-cut ranking relation between two individuals is a prerequisite for their close cohesion. The survival function of rank order lies in diminishing the intensity and frequency of agonistic interactions, in diminishing social stress situations and in guaranteeing the close family cohesion.

Aggression↗
PubMed1984

[Changes in myocardium ultrastructure in a model of hyperalimentation in geese].

Ivage geese were fattened for 6 weeks; 3-5 weeks later, with diminished food intake, they developed degenerative ultrastructural changes of the myocardium: frequent myelin-like bodies, fragmentation and sometimes contractive bundles of myofibrils, lipid droplets, nuclear lobulation and focal cytolysis were observed. Adaptive changes included hypermetabolic mitochondria with many crists, dilated endoplasmic reticulum and plenty of pinocytotic vacuoles in capillary endothelium.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Role of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus in regulating feeding behavior in Landes geese].

This study shows the apparent role of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) in regulating food intake in the goose. The feeding pattern of normal animals has been compared with that of animals made hyperphagic by destruction of the VMH. Lesioning of the VMH modified the circadian pattern of intake. All the geese tended to equalize their intakes between the light and dark periods. The overall effect of lesioning was considerable hyperphagia resulting from an increase in the number of meals and of their amplitude and duration, as well as in the rate of ingestion. We have emphasized the importance of defining the meal when interpreting changes in the correlations between the amount of food ingested during the meal and the length of pre or postprandial intervals after destruction of the VMH. Although it is important, the fatty liver syndrome induced after hyperphagia is not sufficient to produce fatty livers which can compete with those obtained by traditional cramming.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Histological changes in the liver of Benkovska breed geese during the fattening period].

Studies were carried out to follow up the histologic changes taking place in the liver of Benkovska breed geese during different periods of fattening. A correlation was established between the period of fattening and the severity of the liver lesions. During the preparatory period there was in the hepatocytes focal fatty infiltration, and by the 5th-10th day of the forced fattening diffuse fatty infiltration and fatty and granular degeneration were seen. On the 15th-20th day of the fattening period predominating in the dystrophic hepatocytes were the medium-sized fatty vacuoles, and on the 28th day - the larger vacuoles, which corresponds to Ist quality in terms of weight and macroscopic picture. The enrichment of the liver with fats was accompanied by lymphocytic and pseudoeosinophilic leukocyte infiltration of the interstitium.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Effects of T-2 toxin treatment on the egg yield and hatchability in geese.

Ten groups of one-year-old geese, each including 10 layers and 3 ganders, were treated with T-2 toxin at doses of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg body weight/day for 18 days by injection into the stomach. At the toxin dose of 0.1 mg/kg/day, the egg yield remained unchanged while the hatching rate slightly decreased. T-2 toxin administered at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg/day decreased the hatching rate and the egg yield. The toxin dose of 0.3 mg/kg/day resulted in a 50% reduction of the hatching rate. The mortality rate was significant at toxin levels higher than 0.8 mg/bwkg/day; however, 30% of the birds survived even the 3.0 mg/kg/day toxin dose.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Fenamiphos poisoning of native geese.

A case of fenamiphos (phenamiphos) (NEMACUR) poisoning of geese was investigated. The birds had grazed on turf grass in a golf course adjoining a reserve and shallow lake. The turf grass had been treated earlier with NEMACUR at the correct application rate.

Animals↗