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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Responsibility, guilt, and decision under risk.

We hypothesize that individuals' choices (risk-seeking/risk-aversion) depend on moral values and, in particular, on how subjects evaluate themselves as guilty or as victims of a wrong rather than on the descriptions of the outcomes as given in the options and evaluated accordingly as gains or losses (framing effect). People who evaluate themselves as victims are expected to show a risk-seeking preference (context of innocence). People who evaluate themselves as guilty are expected to show a risk-averse preference (context of guilt). Responses of 232 participants to a decision problem were compared in four different conditions involving two-story formats (innocence/guilt) and two-question-options formats (gain/loss). Regardless of the format of the question options, the story format appears to be an important determinant of individuals' preferences.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Survivor guilt and chronic illness.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the grief reactions that may result in patients after a death occurs within a treatment setting for chronic illness, and in particular to look at the applicability of the concept of survivor guilt in these situations. CLINICAL PICTURE: Two patients with endstage renal disease are described. Both presented states of pathological grief for fellow patients. Vulnerability existed in both patients in terms of previous unresolved mourning and in terms of strong feelings of comradship with the dead patients. Both demonstrated features reminiscent of what has been termed the 'survivor syndrome'. TREATMENT: The treatment involved supportive psychotherapy allowing exploration of grief and its relationship to current psychosomatic crises. OUTCOME: Supportive psychotherapy successfully aided the resolution in one patient and made some difference in the other. CONCLUSION: The impact of death within a treatment unit is emphasised. Surviving patients may have significant distress relating to such bereavement and may need appropriate intervention.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Guilt & grief. When daughters place mothers in nursing homes.

In the US there is a persistent myth that adult children do not care for their aging, dependent parents. Also, nursing home placement of a parent is still perceived as a deviant and selfish act by adult children. Adult daughters experience a relationship loss with their mothers' nursing home placement and progressive deterioration. Daughters experience both recurring guilt and loss with grieving throughout their mothers' nursing home stay and believe that these emotional feelings will be relieved only by their mothers' deaths. An implication of this study is the need for nurses to facilitate successful psychosocial interventions with daughters' loss and grief experienced during their role in the transition process with their mothers from home to nursing home.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Psychological abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder in battered women: examining the roles of shame and guilt.

Psychological abuse among battered women has been relatively understudied. However, battered women's reports in the existing qualitative and quantitative research suggest that the effects of psychological abuse can be even more damaging than the effects of physical abuse. The current study attempted to clarify the relationship between psychological abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) within a sample of battered women by statistically controlling for the effects of physical abuse. This study also explored the affective experiences of shame and guilt as important variables in the development of PTSD in battered women. This investigation replicated previous work suggesting that battered women are very much at risk for a diagnosis of PTSD and suggests that clinicians and researchers may need to focus on psychological abuse as a predictor of PTSD symptomatology. The current findings encourage attention to shame reactions in battered women and suggest new directions in the study of PTSD for other traumatized populations.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Responsibility and guilt from the psychiatric/psychotherapeutic viewpoint].

The sense of universal responsibility of the individual is based on a religious (in a pre- and overconfessional sense) relationship to a transpersonal whole. It is a prerequisite for the philosophical discourse on ethics. The special responsibility of the psychiatrist in his anthropological constructs, his concepts of illness and disease, and his method of treatment are discussed. The patient's being responsible (at least partly) for falling ill, his coping with his disease and impairment, his cooperation during treatment and also the pathology of inadequate guilt feelings and deficits are dealt with. Taking the blame as part of the human condition may be seen as an indicator of a mature development of a person.

Defense Mechanisms↗
PubMed1991

Socialization and temperament in the development of guilt and conscience.

Toddlerhood antecedents of conscience were examined in 58 8-10-year-old children. The measures of conscience, such as general affective/moral orientation, the extent of reparation, and the intensity of guilt feelings, were assessed from children's narratives produced in response to semiprojective stories involving transgressions, distress, and conflict. Maternal endorsed socialization orientations and observed rearing behaviors that deemphasized the use of power were associated with the children's internalized conscience 6 years later. However, these findings were significant only for children who were relatively prone to fearful arousal. The capacity for self-regulation, indexed by early compliance and noncompliance to maternal socialization, predicted children's internalized conscience 6 years later. There was preliminary evidence that compliance obtained in a rearing context that deemphasized power assertion was most conducive to the development of conscience. The findings are discussed in view of the interplay of socialization and temperament in moral development.

Arousal↗
PubMed1989

Unconscious guilt as a cause of sexualized relationships.

The author summarizes 4 years of intensive psychotherapy with a patient who engaged in various forms of self-destructive behavior, including the sexual fondling of his 14-year-old stepdaughter. The author illustrates the important role that unconscious guilt may play in motivating a patient to engage in what ordinarily would be thought of simply as illicit drive-gratifying behavior. She describes the patient's reported childhood traumas and the therapeutic process of treatment, and gives examples of interpretations that facilitated the patient's efforts to gain control over his self-destructive behavior.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The past unconscious, the present unconscious and the vicissitudes of guilt.

The concepts of present unconscious and past unconscious have been introduced in order to provide a useful theoretical schema for comprehending clinical psychoanalytic material. In the present paper these concepts, together with the notion of the second censorship, are made use of to provide a framework for understanding the way in which guilt feelings and the ideas associated with them are dealt with at different levels of consciousness. The technical approach linked with the theoretical ideas in this paper is described, with special reference to the relation between interpretation of the present and reconstruction of the past.

Child Development↗
PubMed1978

Sibling loss as an organizer of unconscious guilt: a case study.

A case is described in which the death of a sibling in childhood organized a profound unconscious sense of guilt, a repetitive need for self-punishment, and a negative therapeutic reaction in analysis. The various meanings of the patient's negative therapeutic reaction are discussed, along with the question of why this event came to have such pathologic impact on his character.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1993

[Beyond guilt? The inability to grieve in the second generation].

The largely favourable response accorded to Tilmann Moser's critique of the book The Inability to Mourn (in Psyche 5/1992) makes it plausible to assume that with his remarks Moser has touched the very nerve of the present-day "Zeitgeist". The time appears to have come to reinterpret and revise the attitudes called for by the Mitscherlichs 25 years ago, i.e. recognition of guilt and empathy with the victims of German's extermination drive. Unlike Moser, who urges a strict divorce between therapy and morality and calls for empathy with "those involved in the crimes", Schneider shows that morally de-contextualized psychoanalysis/psychotherapy has been--and still is--in danger of being pressed into service for a variety of ends. Schneider sees it as a major achievement on the part of Alexander Mitscherlich, in the aftermath of National Socialist crimes affecting millions of people, to have restored the moral context that is an integral part of the human essence of psychoanalysis if it is to be both enlightening. Without such a context, he argues, psychoanalysis would be reduced to a form of purely "therapeutic" morality remote from social and political concerns, a development that Freud himself feared most of all.

Grief↗
PubMed1976

Masturbatory guilt and sexual dysfunction.

Anxiety arising from masturbatory guilt plays a major role in the production of frigidity and impotence. Reduction of this anxiety through greater community awareness of the normality of masturbation is therefore a fertile area for the principles of preventive medicine to be applied.

Family Practice↗
PubMed1997

Awareness of guilt and shame in intimate violence.

The purpose of this article is to examine the role of moral feelings--guilt and shame--in the emergence and aftermath of intimate violence, and the way in which these emotions affect the self and behaviors of those involved. This is a phenomenological study using content analysis of in-depth interviews with 20 male batterers and their female partners. The findings indicate that the extent of authenticity and assumption of responsibility concerning moral feelings will determine whether these will or will not lead to intimate violence. Thus it becomes possible to trace five alternative paths of the relationship between moral feelings and intimate violence. Implications for theorizing and future research about the role of moral feelings in intimate violence are suggested.

Awareness↗
PubMed2006

Transcriptional profiling of bacteriophage BFK20: coexpression interrogated by "guilt-by-association" algorithm.

Global gene expression profiling of bacteriophage BFK20 infecting the industrial L-lysine producer Brevibacterium flavum CCM 251 was performed using DNA microarray. The relative gene expressions were measured in fourteen time samples collected during phage development. Phage genes were classified as early, middle, late or unassigned based on complex expression patterns during infection. Temporal classification of BFK20 genes was in concordance with previous predictions. However, proposed late regulatory genes were reclassified and new functional assignments for ORF55 were strongly suggested. Furthermore, we consider possible functions of other genes and their products regarding coexpression pattern by using "guilt-by-association" algorithm. Microarray results were validated using real-time RT-PCR. The detailed description of phage BFK20 transcriptional profile can answer the basic questions of its life cycle and it also can help to prevent phage contamination during industrial fermentation. In addition, this work presents the first complete microarray time course study of gene expression utilizing loop design.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1998

Death anxiety in young adults as a function of religious orientation, guilt, and separation-individuation conflict.

Seventy undergraduate participants between the ages of 19 and 30 were assessed with measures of death anxiety, religious orientation, separation--individuation conflict, and two dimensions of guilt (need for reparation and fear of punishment). A multiple regression with death anxiety as the criterion variable revealed the following variables, listed in order of their contributions to R2, to be significant predictors: fear of punishment, extrinsic religious orientation, need for reparation, and separation--individuation conflict. A model of death anxiety for young adults that addresses the developmental tasks of this stage is proposed.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Destruction and guilt: splitting and reintegration in the analysis of a traumatised patient.

The author traces in detail how, in the analytic relationship, she was slowly able to read aspects of the trauma as 'quotations' and gradually, through transference, transform them into a symbolic language. Split-off aggression and guilt feelings became progressively accessible to interpretation through transferential projective identifications. During his analysis, the patient discovered he was the child of Nazi criminals: on his mother's side they were the third generation; on his father's side, the second.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Pharmaceutical target discovery using Guilt-by-Association: schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease genes.

We wish to identify genes associated with disease. To do so, we look for novel genes whose expression patterns mimic those of known disease-associated genes, a method we call Guilt-by-Association (GBA). GBA uses a combinatoric measure of association that provides superior results to those from correlation measures used in previous expression analyses. Using GBA, we have examined the expression of 40,000 human genes in 522 cDNA libraries, and have identified several hundred genes associated with known cancer, inflammation, steroid-synthesis, insulin-synthesis, neurotransmitter processing, matrix remodeling and other disease genes. The majority of the genes thus discovered show no significant sequence similarity to known genes, and thus could not have been identified by homology searches. We present here an example of the discovery of five genes associated with schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. Of the 40,000 most-abundant human genes, these five genes are the most closely linked to the known disease genes, and thus are prime targets for pharmaceutical intervention.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2005

Guilt-By-Association feature selection applied to simulated proteomic data.

We propose a new feature selection algorithm, Guilt-By-Association (GBA), which uses hierarchical clustering based on feature correlations to eliminate redundant features. GBA can be used in conjunction with other algorithms to produce a feature selection routine that explicitly considers both the similarities between features and their individual discriminatory powers. In this preliminary study, a simple form of GBA was investigated on simulated proteomic data.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Co-responsibility in suicide? Coping with grief and guilt by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe].

Under the presumption of having promoted some young people's suicides by publishing his novel "Werther", Goethe was deeply affected by the suicide of Christiane von Lassberg, the 28-year old daughter of a Weimarian officer. The subject of this essay is to investigate how Goethe worked on the mental conflict of guilt and grief and how he counteracted the danger of paralysing depressions by active intervention and which form of literary expressions he chose.

Adaptation, Psychological↗